Random Packing
For improved performance in new and existing towers.
For over 50 years random packings have been successfully used as an inexpensive but very effective means to increase
a tower’s capacity and/or efficiency. The original Raschig rings have been superceded by new generations of improved
products. And today, whatever your application, genuine Koch-Glitsch designed random packings are available in the
size and materials—metal, plastic, or ceramic—to provide optimum performance.
Process Advantages of Random Packing
There are numerous process advantages that can be realized by using
random packing in various applications. The predominant reasons to
use tower packings are to:
Reduce pressure drop through the column
Increase the capacity compared to trays at the same efficiency and/or
Reduce liquid holdup in the column
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Koch-Glitsch process engineers can help improve performance in new
and existing towers. Through its work on thousands of towers worldwide,
Koch-Glitsch has developed significant knowledge and experience for selection
of the proper mix of packing combined with the appropriate tower internals
and tower arrangement to best satisfy specific requirements.
Quick Sizing Packed Columns
•
Fs, m/s (kg/m3)1/2
IMTP #15
IMTP #50
HETP IMTP
∆p, mbar/m
IMTP #40
IMTP #25
p/Z(in
(inwc/ft)
wc/ft)
p,
in
wc/ft
∆p/Z
3 1/2
HETP, mm
HETP, inches
•
This brochure provides information for quick sizing of packed columns
using metal random packings. Information in the included charts enables
hydraulic rating and provides
Fs, m/s (kg/m )
relative packing efficiencies in terms
of the KGa value for the absorption
IMTP #70
of CO2 into a standard caustic
solution and HETP for low relative
IMTP #60
IMTP #50
volatility hydrocarbon distillation.
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
System: i-octane/toluene at 740 torr
Diameter: 15.2 inches [386mm]
Packed Depth: 10 feet [3.05m]
Total Reflux Operation
60
50
40
30
20
10
4
0
•
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft3)1/2
147
122
98
73
49
24
10
0
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30 in. Diameter
Cs, ft/sec
•
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft3)1/2
KG-TOWER® Hydraulic Rating Software
In addition to the charts available in this brochure, Koch-Glitsch offers
KG-TOWER® hydraulic rating software that may be downloaded from
the Koch-Glitsch Web site, www.koch-glitsch.com/software/. This
electronic design tool can assist in the specification of Koch-Glitsch
mass transfer equipment, including conventional and high performance
random and structured tower packings, severe service grid packing, and
conventional and high performance valve trays.
2
®
A Tower Packing for Any Application
Koch-Glitsch is unsurpassed in offering the widest range of sizes and styles of traditional and high
performance random packings.
Koch-Glitsch recognizes that while packings provide many valuable benefits,
not all applications are demanding. The various packings in this brochure are
of ring or saddle type construction and offer a variety of performance levels
from conventional to high performance. Considerations in choosing
a specific packing style are:
Specific process requirements
Direct replacement of an existing packing
Familiarity with the packing type and its performance
Past experience using a specific packing in a particular application
Use in a licensed process
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Each packing family offers several sizes to enable the process engineer to
optimize the system for efficiency and cost. As the packing size increases
within the family, the packing offers greater capacity and lower pressure
drop at the expense of efficiency.
As there are differences in packing types, Koch-Glitsch recognizes that
packed tower applications have different liquid and vapor distribution
requirements. For less demanding services, traditional distributors are
specified with the packings in this brochure. Working with you, our
process engineers will help to select the proper packing and match it
with the appropriate tower internals to satisfy your process requirements.
When mass or heat transfer process requirements are stringent,
INTALOX® Packed Tower Systems are recommended. For more information
on INTALOX Packed Tower Systems, the combination of high performance
packing with state-of-the-art liquid and vapor distributors as well as other
column internals, please ask for our brochure, Packed Tower Internals.
Typical Applications
Materials of Construction
In addition to the size and style options, these
packings are also offered in various materials of
construction.
Carbon steel
Stainless steels, including austenitic, ferritic,
martensitic; types 409/410/430, 304 and 316
Duplex stainless steels
Nickel and nickel alloys
Aluminum
Copper and copper alloys
Titanium and zirconium
Absorbers
– CO2 and H2S selective absorption
– Air pollution control scrubbers
– Ammonia absorption
– FCC absorbers
Strippers
– EO / EG
– Water deaeration and decarbonation
– Sour water stripper
Heat transfer
– Direct contact air cooler
Quench columns
Light ends fractionators
– Demethanizers
– Deethanizer
Degassing
Liquid/liquid extraction
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FLEXIRING® Random Packing
An economical and versatile industry standard with well-known performance characteristics.
Pall ring random packing is still widely used today. It is specified in a number of licensed processes and has been tested
by various researchers over the years. FLEXIRING® packing from Koch-Glitsch is the industry recognized Pall ring
packing equivalent. Koch-Glitsch offers a unique high strength FLEXIRING packing, with lower weight and improved
mechanical strength, which provides an alternative to the 2-inch FLEXIRING packing. The mechanical strength of the
high strength FLEXIRING packing is attained through its engineered shape.
High
Strength
FLEXIRING® Packing Size
Nominal Size
⅝ 1 1½2 3½2
mm 1625 3850 90 50
inch
⅝
1
1½2 3½2
Void Fraction
% 9396 9798 98 98
Bulk Weight* kg/m3535325 208198 135 141
lb/ft3
33.420.3 13.012.4 8.4 8.8
* for stainless steel with standard material thickness
Fs, m/s (kg/m )
X
FLE
#1
IRIN
FLE
G#
XIR
1.5
ING
∆p, in wc/ft
ING
#2
KGa FLEXIRING
FLEXIRING #5/8
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
CONDITIONS:
Liquid Concentrations: 4% NaOH
Conversion to Carbonate: 25%
Inlet Gas Concentration: 1% CO2
40
30
20
10
5
0
Temperature: 75 ºF [24 2ºC]
Gas rate: 450-500 lb/(ft hr) [0.61-0.68 kg/(m 2 s)]
Tower Diameter: 30in [0.76m]
Bed Height: 10ft [3.05m]
98
73
49
24
12
0
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30in. Diameter
Liquid Load, gpm/ft
2
•
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft )
4
3 1/2
∆p, mbar/m
5
3
•
XIR
# /8
•
FLE
ING
3 1/2
G
F
IR
LEX
2
•
K a, kg-mol/(h m atm)
G
•
3
•
K a, lb-mol/(h ft atm)
3
•
Liquid Load, m /(m h)
Fs, m/s (kg/m )
∆p, in wc/ft
FLEXIRING #1.5
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
gpm/ft
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
0
2
3
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
m /m h
2
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
0
147
122
98
73
49
24
12
0
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30in. Diameter
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30in. Diameter
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft )
Fs, m/s (kg/m )
Fs, m/s (kg/m )
•
3 1/2
wc/ft)
p, in(inwc/ft
∆p/Z
•
3 1/2
∆p, mbar/m
wc/ft)
p, in(inwc/ft
∆p/Z
•
•
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft )
FLEXIRING #2
3 1/2
3 1/2
FLEXIRING #3.5
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
60
50
40
30
20
10
5
0
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
70
171
60
147
50
122
40
98
30
73
20
49
10
24
5
12
0
0
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30in. Diameter
147
122
98
73
49
24
12
0
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30in. Diameter
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft )
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft )
3 1/2
•
•
147
122
98
73
49
24
12
0
5
3 1/2
∆p, mbar/m
FLEXIRING #1
3 1/2
∆p, mbar/m
•
3 1/2
∆p, mbar/m
(inwc/ft
wc/ft)
p, in
∆p/Z
•
Fs, m/s (kg/m )
HY-PAK® Random Packing
An improved alternative to FLEXIRING® or Pall type ring packing.
An improvement to the FLEXIRING packing geometry is in the HY-PAK® random packing, introduced to the market in
the late 1960s. Maintaining a 1:1 aspect ratio, the number of fingers were doubled. The mechanical strength was enhanced
through the introduction of circumferential stiffening ribs. The new geometry allowed the rings to be made slightly
larger, effectively providing a new packing with increased capacity, reduced pressure drop, and no noticeable reduction
in efficiency. HY-PAK packing is widely used as a direct replacement for FLEXIRING or Pall ring random packings of
equivalent size in many applications to gain capacity or reduce pressure drop.
HY-PAK® Packing Size
Nominal Size
1
1.5
2
3
mm 3045 6090
inch 1.181.75 2.37 3.5
Void Fraction
% 9798 9898
Bulk Weight* kg/m3262180 161181
lb/ft3
16.411.2 10.011.3
* for stainless steel with standard material thickness
Liquid Load, m /(m h)
3
2
•
2
KGa HY-PAK
CONDITIONS:
Liquid Concentrations: 4% NaOH
Conversion to Carbonate: 25%
Inlet Gas Concentration: 1% CO2
1
2
3
4
5
6
16
14
12
8
0.8
6
5
0.6
0.5
3
0.3
2
0.2
∆ p. mbar/m
#2
1
0.1
G
G
AK
HY-P
∆p, in wc/ft
1.5
•
AK #
HY-P
3
•
K #1
HY-PA
4
0.4
K a, kg-mol/(h m atm)
3
•
0.8
10
Tower Diameter: 30in [0.76m]
Bed Height: 10ft [3.05m]
•
0.6
1
Temperature: 75 ºF [24 ºC]
Gas rate: 900 lb /(ft 2 hr) [1.22 kg/(m 2 s)]
K a, lb-mol/(h ft atm)
0.5
Fs, m/sec·(kg/m3 )1/2
0.8
0.08
3
AK #
HY-P
0.6
0.5
0.06
0.05
0.4
0.04
0.3
0.03
0.2
0.02
0.4
Liquid Load, gpm/ft
2
6
0.5
0.6
0.8
1
2
Fs, ft/sec·(lb/ft3)1/2
3
4
5
2
0.5
0.6
0.8
1
Fs, m/sec·(kg/m3)1/2
2
HyPak1.5
3
4
5
6
16
14
12
10
1
8
0.8
6
5
0.6
0.5
4
3
0.3
2
0.2
∆p, mbar/m
∆p, in wc/ft
0.4
1
0.1
0.8
0.08
0.6
0.5
0.06
0.05
0.4
0.04
0.3
0.03
0.2
0.02
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Fs, m/sec·(kg/m3)1/2
2
3
4
5
6
16
14
12
2
8
1
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.8
1
1
2
3
Fs, ft/sec·(lb/ft3)1/2
Fs, m/sec·(kg/m3)1/2
2
3
4
4
5
5
6
10
10
1
0.8
5
0.5
∆ p, in wc/ft
3
0.3
2
0.2
HyPak3
1
HyPak2
0.1
4
0.4
∆p, mbar/m
∆p, in wc/ft
2
0.2
5
0.5
3
0.3
6
0.6
4
0.4
8
0.8
6
0.6
0.1
0.8
0.08
0.5
0.05
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.06
0.05
0.4
0.04
1
0.08
0.6
0.06
0.4
0.04
0.3
0.3
0.03
0.03
0.2
0.2
0.02
0.4
16
14
12
∆ p, mbar/m
2
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.8
1
2
Fs, ft/sec·(lb/ft3)1/2
3
4
0.02
0.4
5
7
0.5
0.6
0.8
1
2
Fs, ft/sec·(lb/ft3)1/2
3
4
5
IMTP® Packing
Provides low pressure drop and high efficiency.
Developed in the late 1970s, IMTP® random packing combines the advantages of the saddle shape packing with that of
modern high performance ring type packings. The inherent shape provides a lower pressure drop at the same vapor and
liquid loads compared to previous generation packings. IMTP random packing has been applied in numerous distillation
and absorption columns around the world. For demanding applications, combining IMTP random packing with state-ofthe-art INTALOX® Packed Tower Systems column internals is recommended. For more information on INTALOX Packed
Tower Systems technology, refer to the Koch-Glitsch brochure, Packed Tower Internals.
IMTP® Packing Size
Nominal Size
1525 4050 60 70
mm 1525 4050 60 70
inch
⅝
1
1½2 2⅜
2¾
Void Fraction
% 9697 9898 99 98
Bulk Weight* kg/m3283224 153166 137 126
lb/ft3
17.714.09.610.4 8.67.87
* for stainless steel with standard material thickness
•
Fs, m/s (kg/m3)1/2
IMTP #70
HETP, mm
IMTP #50
IMTP #40
IMTP #25
IMTP #15
HETP IMTP
System: i-octane/toluene at 740 torr
Diameter: 15.2 inches [386mm]
Packed Depth: 10 feet [3.05m]
Total Reflux Operation
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft3)1/2
•
HETP, inches
IMTP #60
Cs, ft/sec
8
Liquid Load, m3/(m2 • h)
•
Fs, m/s (kg/m3)1/2
#50
IMTP
#60
IMT
70
IMTP #15
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
G
P#
KGa IMTP
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
20
18
15
10
4
0
CONDITIONS:
Liquid Concentrations: 4% NaOH
Conversion to Carbonate: 25%
Inlet Gas Concentration: 1% CO2
Temperature: 75 ºF [24 ºC]
Gas rate: 900 lb /(ft 2 hr) [1.22 kg/(m 2 s)]
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30 in. Diameter
Tower Diameter: 30 in [0.76m]
Bed Height: 10 ft [3.05m]
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft3)1/2
•
Liquid Load, gpm/ft 2
Fs, m/s (kg/m3)1/2
∆p, mbar/m
IMTP #25
p/Z(in
(inwc/ft)
wc/ft)
p,
in
wc/ft
∆p/Z
•
•
Fs, m/s (kg/m3)1/2
p/Z in
(in wc/ft)
wc/ft
∆p,
49
44
37
24
10
0
IMTP #40
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
50
40
30
20
10
4
0
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
122
98
73
49
24
10
0
60
50
40
30
20
10
4
0
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30 in. Diameter
147
122
98
73
49
24
10
0
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30 in. Diameter
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft3)1/2
•
•
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft3)1/2
9
∆p, mbar/m
IMTP
∆p, mbar/m
#40
∆p, in wc/ft
IMTP
K a, kg-mol/(h• m3• atm)
#25
G
K a, lb-mol/(h •ft 3• atm)
IMTP
Fs, m/s (kg/m3)1/2
IMTP #60
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
60
50
40
30
20
10
4
0
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
147
122
98
73
49
24
10
0
147
60
122
50
98
40
73
30
49
20
24
10
10
4
0
0
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 29.5 in. Diameter
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30 in. Diameter
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft3)1/2
•
•
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft3)1/2
•
Fs, m/s (kg/m3)1/2
IMTP #70
Liquid Loading
Top Curve to Bottom
∆p, mbar/m
147
60
122
50
98
40
73
30
49
20
24
10
10
4
0
0
System Air-Water, Ambient
Tower: 30 in. Diameter
Fs, ft/s (lb/ft3)1/2
•
p/Zin
(in wc/ft)
p,
wc/ft
∆p/Z
(in wc/ft)
gpm/ft 2 m3/m 2 h
10
∆p, mbar/m
•
p/Z(in
(in wc/ft)
wc/ft)
p,
in
wc/ft
∆p/Z
IMTP #50
∆p, mbar/m
p/Z(in
(inwc/ft)
wc/ft)
p,
in
wc/ft
∆p/Z
•
Fs, m/s (kg/m3)1/2
Reasonable Minimum Wetting Rates
Operating limits for a column are set by the wetting rate (lower limit) and flooding (upper limit).
With IMTP® random packing, distillation towers operate successfully
in the range of 20-90% of flood. Estimated minimum wetting rates for
aqueous systems are shown below. Lower wetting rates are possible
with hydrocarbon systems. Packing efficiency remains relatively
constant over 80% of the operating range.
Minimum Wetting Rates
SURFACEgpm/ft2m3/m2h
Carbon steel or copper 0.3 0.7
Stainless steel, tantalum, other alloys
1.2 3.0
The above values are based on a packing with a specific surface area > 43 ft2/ft3 [141 m2/m3]. When operating below these
values, as in vacuum distillation, new packings should be chosen that have better wetting characteristics.
If materials with poorer wetting properties must be specified, the bed height may have to be increased and/or a more
efficient packing should be used.
As an alternative, structured packing may also be considered. For more information on Koch-Glitsch structured
packing, please request our brochure, Structured Packing.
The minimum liquid rate also depends on liquid distributor type and design. Please refer to the Packed Tower
Internals brochure.
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Turnaround Support and Services
Comprehensive services for turnarounds and shutdowns.
Downtime is critical for both planned and unplanned turnarounds. Koch-Glitsch
is available 24/7 to offer equipment and comprehensive support and services to
get your tower up and running as quickly as possible. Our response teams are
strategically located around the world and are ready to serve you at any time.
Services include:
Inspection
Hardware trailers and lockers
AHOP® Automated Hardware Ordering Program
Equipment Support Services (ESS) technicians
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Combined with Koch Specialty Plant Services, Koch-Glitsch goes a step further
with its ability to deliver unique, value-driven turnkey equipment and
installation solutions to provide faster, safer revamps, which often result in shorter duration turnarounds.
Emergency Delivery
Emergencies happen . . .
Koch-Glitsch has a wide variety of products to provide
optimum performance whatever the application. Many
common materials are in stock, and equipment can be
quickly manufactured to meet your requirements
regardless of original equipment manufacturer.
For emergencies, call the Hotline of your nearest
Koch-Glitsch office:
In the US and Latin America, call 1-888-KOCH-911
(mass transfer), 1-316-207-7935 (mist elimination),
or your local Koch-Glitsch office.
In Canada, call 1-905-852-3381 (Uxbridge, Ontario).


With strategically located manufacturing facilities and
warehouses, Koch-Glitsch leads the industry with its on-time
performance for delivery of emergency trays and hardware,
packing and internals, and mist elimination equipment.
11 

In Europe, call +39-06-928-911 (Italy), +44-1782-744561
(UK), or your local Koch-Glitsch office.
In Asia, call +65-6831-6500 (Singapore) or your
local Koch-Glitsch office.
Koch-Glitsch Corporate Offices
Worldwide Headquarters
Koch-Glitsch, LP
4111 East 37th Street North
Wichita, KS 67220 - United States
tel: (316) 828-5110
fax: (316) 828-7985
20871 Vimercate MB - Italy
tel: +39-039-6386010
fax: +39-039-6386011
tel: +65-6831-6500
fax: +65-6835-2031
Europe
Koch-Glitsch Italia S.r.l.
Via Torri Bianche, 3A
Asia
Koch Chemical Technology Group Singapore Pte. Ltd.
260 Orchard Road, #11-01/09
The Heeren
Singapore 238855
Koch-Glitsch (a division of Koch Chemical Technology Group India Pvt. Ltd.)
10th Floor, Corporate Park II
Sion-Trombay Road
Chembur, Mumbai 400 071 - India
tel: +91-22-6771-7171
fax: +91-22-6771-7161
For a complete list of our offices and facilities, visit us on the Web at www.koch-glitsch.com.
Emergency Numbers
United States/Latin America:
Canada:
Europe/Middle East/Africa:
Asia:
1-888-KOCH-911 (mass transfer), 1-316-207-7935 (mist elimination),
or your local Koch-Glitsch office.
1-905-852-3381 (Uxbridge, Ontario).
+39-06-928-911 (Italy), +44-1782-744561 (UK),
or your local Koch-Glitsch office.
+65-6831-6500 (Singapore) or your local Koch-Glitsch office.
Trademarks
The following registered trademarks are owned by Koch-Glitsch, LP in the United
States and may be registered in other jurisdictions: AHOP® Automated Hardware
Ordering Program, FLEXIRING® random packing, HY-PAK® random packing, IMTP®
random packing, INTALOX® Packed Tower Systems, KG-TOWER® software, KOCHGLITSCH, and “K” KOCH-GLITSCH. The following trademarks are owned by KochGlitsch, LP in the United States and may be registered in other jurisdictions: YOU
CAN RELY ON US. All other trademarks, service marks, or registered trademarks
that appear in this document are the trademarks or service marks of their
respective owners.
Legal Notice
The information contained in this bulletin is believed to be accurate
and reliable, but is not to be construed as implying any warranty or
guarantee of performance.
For related trademark information, visit http://www.koch-glitsch.com/trademarks.
Bulletin KGMRP-02. Rev. 3-2015. Printed in U.S.A.
© 2003-2015. Koch-Glitsch, LP. All rights reserved.