Burak Arnas
8/29/14
7th Grade
Ch.1 s.1 Outline
Vocabulary:
Cells (pg.7): they form various parts of an organism and carry out all of an organism’s processes, or
functions
Microscope (pg. 7): an instrument that makes small objects look large.
Cell theory (pg.10): is a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things
Outline:
I. Discovering Cells
A. An overview of Cells
1. The structures of living things are determined by the amazing variety of ways in which
cells are put together
2. Some functions of cells include obtaining food, getting rid of waste, obtaining oxygen,
providing energy, and growing
3.Cells are too small to see, even though an area of 1cm2 on your skin contains 100,000
cells
B. First Observations of Cells
1. The invention of microscopes around 1590 made it possible for people to discover
and learn about cells
2. In 1663 English scientist and inventor Robert Hooke was one of the first people to
observe cells by observing cork with one of his microscopes.
3. He calculated that there was about 12 million cells in one cubic inch of cork.
4. Anton van Leeuwenhoek observed tiny objects with simple microscopes that he built
5. He observed tiny “animalcules” in lake water, scraping from teeth, and rain water.
C. Development of the Cell Theory
1. Many other people started to use microscopes to discover what secrets they could
learn about cells
2. Theodor Schwann stated that “All living things are made up of cells”
3. In 1855, Virchow stated that “All cells come from other cells”
4. Cell Theory holds true for all living things, big and small
D. Light and Electron Microscopes
1. Useful microscopes combine two important properties magnification and resolution
2. Convex lenses bend light and magnify objects or make them bigger
3. Compound microscope uses two lenses to magnify an object. You multiply the
magnification of both the lenses to get the total magnification of the microscope
4. Resolution is another term for sharpness of an image and is needed when you study
cells
5. Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light to produce a magnified
image of and object
Review Questions:
1a.)Q): Define structure and function.
1a.)A): Structure is what an object or organism is made of and how its parts are put together. A function
is a process that enables an organism to stay alive and reproduce.
1b.)Q):Explain this statement: Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
1b.)A): Cells form the parts of an organism and carry out all of its functions.
1c.)Q): In what important function are the cells in your eyes involved?
1c.)A): The important function my eye cells is sight.
2a.)Q): What does a microscope enable people to do?
2a.)A): Microscopes make it possible for people to discover and learn about tiny things, such as cells
2b.)Q): Summarize Hooke’s observations of cork under a microscope.
2b.)A): Hooke saw that cork was made up of many tiny, rectangular spaces, which he called cells.
2c.)Q): Why would Hooke’s discovery have been impossible without a microscope?
2c.)A): The human eye is not able to see such tiny structures.
3a.)Q): What are the main ideas of the cell theory?
3a.)A): All living things are made up of cells, which are the basic units of structure and function in living
things. Cells come from other cells.
3b.)Q): What did Virchow contribute to the cell theory?
3b.)A): Virchow proposed that cells produce other cells.
3c.)Q): Use the ideas of Virchow to explain why plastic plants and stuffed animals are not alive.
3c.)A): Plastic plants and stuffed animals are not made of cells and do not produce similar parts in the
same way that cells produce other cells. These items are human-made.
4a.)Q): What is magnification?
4a.)A): Magnification is the ability to make objects look larger than they are.
4b.)Q): Contrast the way light microscopes and electron microscopes magnify objects.
4b.)A): Light microscopes use lenses to bend light ray to magnify objects, while electron microscopes
use a beam of electrons to magnify objects.