Strengthening Tsunami Warning
and Emergency Responses:
Training Workshop on the development
of End-to-End Tsunami Standard Operating Procedures
Course Manual 2008 - 2013
Tsunami Emergency Response
Guidance and Templates, Case Studies
United Nations
Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization
Intergovernmental
Oceanographic
Commission
National Oceanic
and Atmospheric
Administration
UNESCO/IOC-NOAA
International Tsunami
Information Center
Organized by the UNESCO IOC - NOAA
International Tsunami Information Center
for Member States of the
Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning
System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions
UNESCO-IOC
Strengthening Tsunami Warning and Emergency Responses:
Training Workshop on the Development of End-to-End Tsunami Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs)
COURSE MANUAL
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tsunami Emergency Response
Guidance, Templates, Case Studies
1. Tsunami Emergency Response – Guidance and Templates
a. 10 Steps to Enable a Successful Tsunami Emergency Response (ITIC)
b. 6 Steps to Create Tsunami Evacuation Maps (ITIC)
c. International Case Study Philippines: Developing a Tsunami-Prepared Community evacuation map development, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS), 2008
d. Glossary – Disaster Management Organizations
e. Community Based Disaster Risk Management (UNDP, ITIC)
f. Tsunami Planning Template (modified from Hawaii State Civil Defense Template)
g. Tsunami Emergency Response SOPs (ITIC)
i. Roles and Responsibility Matrix
ii. Evacuation Checklist
iii. Emergency Response Matrix
iv. Tsunami Occurrence Checklist
v. Earthquake / Tsunami Information Checklist
vi. Tsunami Warning Checklist
vii. Timeline Template for Tsunami Emergency Response
2. Tsunami Emergency Response – Case Studies - New Zealand, USA, Indonesia
a. New Zealand Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan – Action Guides, Tsunami Notification
Templates, including Media Releases, Tsunami Categories and Threat, Evacuation Zones - NZ
Civil Defense and Emergency Management, 2012
b. Hawaii, USA Tsunami Response
i. State Civil Defense Distant and Local
- SOPs for Distant Generated Tsunami
- Distant-Generate Tsunami Response Checklist
- SOPs for Locally Generated Tsunami and Earthquake
- Locally Generated Tsunami Response Checklist
- Urgent Local Tsunami Warning Emergency Broadcast Script
ii. City & County of Honolulu: Tsunami Evacuation and Sheltering SOPs
c. California, USA: Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response - Office of Emergency
Services
d. Aceh, Indonesia SOP development
July 2013
10 Steps to Enable a Successful Tsunami Emergency Response
UNESCO IOC ITIC
May 2008
1)
Know and understand a country's tsunami risk.
2)
Develop an "end to end" Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System (TEWS)
implementation strategy. Identify lead agencies at all levels of government.
3)
Set up stakeholder (multi-hazard and/or tsunami specific) coordination committees at all
levels of government.
4)
Develop multi-hazard disaster response plans including tsunami specific emergency
response plans and SOPs at national/provincial/city/local levels. Integrate emergency
policies and mobilize all government agencies, in coordination with NGOs and the
private sector.
5)
Enable a country to receive 24x7 Tsunami Warning Center messages through
international/regional and/or national tsunami warning systems developed via the
UNESCO - IOC/ICG coordination process for international alerts.
6)
Develop a rapid 24 x 7 communications dissemination infrastructure "down to the last
kilometer." Involve and partner with the mass media for alert dissemination, building
preparedness, and increasing awareness.
7)
Emphasize sustainable local community education, preparedness, and mitigation
programs (i.e .tsunami evacuation maps, routes, signage, sirens)
8)
Conduct annual tsunami exercises and drills at various levels of government, and in
particular, with coastal schools.
9)
Obtain commitment from public authorities to enact multi-hazard and/or tsunami
specific disaster risk reduction policies at all levels of government.
10) Develop emergency management policies and legislation that address multi-hazards
including tsunami specific events.
1
6 STEPS TO CREATE TSUNAMI EVACUATION MAPS
December 2010
UNESCO/IOC-NOAA International Tsunami Information Center
SeismicReady Consulting, Inc. (George Crawford)
1. Agree on the need to create or upgrade Tsunami Evacuation Maps as a foundation for
tsunami preparedness and mitigation. A Hazard Identification Vulnerability Analysis
(HIVA) should be completed prior to the evacuation planning process. Stakeholders are:
a. Owners of evacuation maps: National, provincial, state and/or local emergency
management agencies (EMA);
b. Developers of evacuation maps: State and/or local EMA, local first responders (police,
fire, land and marine/port/harbor transportation, ocean/beach safety officials) and other
organizations involved in response (hospitals, utilities, Red Cross, NGO/private sector),
hotels/tourist sector). Planning and development agencies may also be involved. Federal
agencies such as Tsunami Warning Center, National Disaster Management Office, Science
Agencies, and Information Centers may also want to participate;
c. Owners and developers of inundation maps: Science organization(s) involved in
collecting data, identifying scenarios, conducting modeling, and compiling results to create
inundation map, e.g., national/federal/state/local agencies (example, NOAA, USGS, or local
equivalents), universities, private consultants, etc.
2. Organize and convene a Tsunami Inundation and Evacuation Mapping Technical
Committee (Modeling and Mapping (M & M Committee). The Committee may further
sub-divide into an Inundation Modeling Committee and a Evacuation Mapping Committee. In
total, the M & M Committee should consider to include:
a. Provincial/State/local jurisdictions, with support of National/Federal/State/Local government;
b. Scientists (National, Federal, State, Local Geological Survey or equivalent, universities, etc);
a. Other government and NGO stakeholders, including community representatives.
Determine goals and outcomes of “Tsunami Inundation and Evacuation Mapping Project.”
Determine availability of pre-existing tsunami hazard and risk and tsunami modeling studies,
bathymetric and topographic data. Detailed inundation mapping required high-resolution data.
3. Obtain funding for Tsunami Mapping Project from National/Provincial/Local Government
or other sources. Coordinate with any existing preparedness programs, as these may be able to
provide funding. Also consider other international or national grant programs, and incorporate
activities as part of an all-hazards disaster risk reduction strategy that can be sustained.
4. M & M Committee (or Inundation Modeling Sub-Committee) reviews and recommends
various options for obtaining tsunami inundation maps. Funding may not be available to
do tsunami modeling. However, based on the HIVA and some of the sources below, an
inundation maps could be generated until funding becomes available. If funding is available
for tsunami modeling, select tsunami modeling contractor to produce tsunami inundation maps.
Models will use data from various sources, including:
d. Historic tsunami inundation/runup data;
e. Credible or worst-case tsunami-generating earthquake or landslide scenarios;
f. Current scientific papers on the area of interest;
g. Indigenous knowledge or oral history of the area of interest;
h. Bathymetry, topography unique local conditions.
5. M & M Committee (or Evacuation Mapping Sub-Committee) leads development of
evacuation maps from inundation maps using evacuation map criteria. This will take
several meetings with community to obtain input and ‘buy-in’.
a. Determine criteria for determining evacuation route and assembly areas. Evacuation
Assembly Areas should be further inland of the inundation lines. Safety factors to consider
include:
i. Ease of egress by foot as a first priority, including for special needs populations;
ii. Proximity and location of high ground (hills, cliffs, man-made vertical refuges (berms,
tall buildings, etc);
iii. Presence of buffer areas;
iv. Knowledge of flood zones, types of roadways and locations;
v. Availability of identifiable landmark locations for easier evacuation routing;
vi. Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) sites and other potential hazards (secured gates or high fences,
lumber yards or harbors with potential floating debris etc.) that could cause evacuation problems;
vii. Locations of special needs population in hazard zone (i.e. hospitals, elder care or
nursing facilities, schools, day care centers, non-English speakers, transient
populations, etc).
b. Organize and convene local workshop to obtain community input to tsunami evacuation
map development.
i. Invite all stakeholders who have a response, coordination, or special needs requirement
(I.e. hospital, retirement center, schools). Stakeholders will be local government,
transportation, response, NGO and private sector;
ii. M & M Committee presents modeling and inundation mapping efforts;
iii. Goal is: Based on inundation map, identify high vulnerability areas in the community,
centers of population (social, gender, religious, cultural, etc), and special needs
populations, determine desirable evacuation routes and assembly areas knowing
tsunami wave arrival time and time it takes to walk to an safe assembly area (e.g., 2
mph based on guidance in FEMA P-646A Publication on Vertical Evacuation).
Consider community risk for both local and distant tsunamis, and their implications for
designating safe assembly areas and type of evacuation (foot or vehicular; for local
tsunami, evacuation should be by foot). Where there may be no time for safe evacuation
inland, consider identifying and designating vertical evacuation refuges, according to
FEMA P-646 (2012),
c. Evacuation Mapping Sub-Committee develops Draft evacuation map.
i. Review modeling inundation results;
ii. Develop evacuation map following national and/or international standards or best practices.
d. Convene community town meetings to solicit input to Draft evacuation lines. Engage and
explain inundation mapping results and draft evacuation line maps. Involve and invite
community input to finalize the drawing the lines, evacuation / safe zones and routes.
e. Evacuation Mapping Sub-Committee consolidates community input. Draw final
evacuation lines. Identify potential safe evacuation/assembly areas and routes. Field visits
to view topographic and built environment conditions may be needed. Evacuation routes
should be walked to confirm ease and timing of successful egress.
f.
Convene community meeting to solicit input to draft (1) safe evacuation/assembly areas,
refuges, or shelters, and (2) evacuation routes.
g. Evacuation Mapping Sub-Committee consolidates community input. Incorporate final (1)
safe evacuation areas and (2) evacuation routes onto map with evacuation line / zones.
6. Publish tsunami evacuation maps. As new or better data become available, or new coastal
development occurs, update tsunami inundation and evacuation maps.
a. Develop tsunami evacuation brochure to be used in education and awareness activities;
b. Develop and implement process to educate at-risk community (including visitors and those
who work in evacuation zones) on tsunamis, tsunami warnings, and evacuation. These
should include community workshops to (1) create general awareness of the newly
developed evacuation maps and (2) teach community members how to read evacuation
maps.
References
Crawford., G.L., 2006. “Developing TsunamiReady Communities: Translating Scientific
Research Into Useable Emergency Management Products, Paper No. 1342”, In Proceedings of the
8th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, April 18-22, 2006, San Francisco, CA.
GeoHazards International, 2008. Preparing your Community for Tsunamis, A Guidebook for
Local Advocates (Working Draft Version 2.1).
González, F.I., V.V. Titov, H.O. Mofjeld, A. Venturato, S. Simmons, R. Hansen, R. Combellick, R.
Eisner, D. Hoirup, B. Yanagi, S. Yong, M. Darienzo, G. Priest, G. Crawford, and T. Walsh, 2005.
Progress in NTHMP hazard assessment. Nat. Hazards, 35(1), Special Issue, U.S. National Tsunami
Hazard Mitigation Program, 89–110.
National Geophysical Data Center Historical Tsunami Database:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/tsu.shtml
US DHS FEMA, 2009. P-646A Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis: A Guide for Community
Officials.
US DHS FEMA, 2012. P-646 Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from
Tsunamis, 2nd Edition.
US DHS FEMA, National Disaster Preparedness Training Center, 2010. Course AWR-217,
Tsunami Awareness.
INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY: PHILIPPINES
The following description, extracted from Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology,
Department of Science and Technology (PHIVOLCS/DOST), Developing a Tsunami-Prepared
Community, 2008, documents Philippines tsunami preparedness and evacuation map development.
Simplified approach to Tsunami Risk Mitigation.
After review of available materials and extracting from PHIVOLCS practical experiences in
community-based disaster risk mitigation, the following are the simplest steps that can be
undertaken to develop a tsunami-prepared community:
a. Increase awareness on basic information about tsunami;
b. Tsunami hazard and risk mapping;
c. Tsunami evacuation planning;
d. Community education about tsunami;
e. Tsunami warning system and
f. Tsunami mitigation measures.
Table 1: General Checklist for Tsunami Community Preparedness Level
1.
Do members of your community know the basic information about earthquakes and tsunami?
2.
Does your community have organized efforts based on:
a. Community needs?
b. Resources immediately available to help?
3.
Does your community have hazard maps to guide in your preparedness efforts?
4.
Does your community have evacuation maps and plan to guide in preparedness efforts?
5.
Are members of the community involved in tsunami preparedness
a. To educate everyone about evacuation scheme?
b. To inform everyone with things they can do to increase community safety?
6.
Does your community conduct tsunami drills?
7.
Is there an established community-based tsunami warning system?
8.
Is there a long-term development plan wherein tsunami risk reduction measures are
incorporated?
9.
Is there a plan on how to sustain the efforts in the long-term?
10. Do members of your community know the basic information about earthquakes and tsunami?
11. Does your community have organized efforts based on:
a. Community needs?
b. Resources immediately available to help?
12. Does your community have hazard maps to guide in your preparedness efforts?
13. Does your community have evacuation maps and plan to guide in preparedness efforts?
14. Are members of the community involved in tsunami preparedness
a. To educate everyone about evacuation scheme?
b. To inform everyone with things they can do to increase community safety?
15. Does your community conduct tsunami drills?
16. Is there an established community-based tsunami warning system?
17. Is there a long-term development plan wherein tsunami risk reduction measures are
incorporated?
18. Is there a plan on how to sustain the efforts in the long-term?
Tsunami hazard and risk mapping.
A tsunami hazard map shows areas that can be affected by a tsunami. Most often, science experts
and specialists generate this kind of map after careful study of the area. Hazard maps serve to
educate and prepare the public, are used as tool to assist emergency responders to plan
evacuations, and can be used to involve and motivate the public to prepare for tsunamis.
Tsunami evacuation planning.
A tsunami evacuation map shows areas identified as safe areas that are within the hazard zones.
This kind of map provides information on how to evacuate to the identified safe areas.
The essential information provided in this map is
a. Areas threatened by tsunami inundation (flooding);
b. Location of designated "safe areas" where people should gather in case of tsunami;
c. Recommended routes to the safe area for people to follow which are normally indicated as
arrows; and (d) other significant information such as landmarks for people to identify locations.
Table 2: Designing a Tsunami Evacuation Map
Step 1. Acquire a tsunami hazard map. Acquire detailed community map.
Update the community map. Verify road systems, houses, etc.
Determine the population to evacuate.
A detailed community map can be superimposed on a tsunami hazard map
Step 2. Identify Safe Evacuation Areas
This is where people should go in case of a tsunami. As the key goal is to save lives, this should be
any location that is not likely to be affected, based on the available Tsunami Hazard Map. The
following are possible basis for selection of the site:
a. Site is outside identified Tsunami Hazard Zone;
b. Site can be reached by foot within the shortest possible time;
c. The total area of site can hold an entire community (or certain percentage of population of the
community if several sites are selected); and
d. Site can be easily identified by residents, for example a prominent hill, a school, an open park
among others
Step 3. Recommend Evacuation routes
The Tsunami Evacuation Map should show the best routes (safest, shortest! fastest way) for
people to use in case of emergencies. There is need to take special care in recommending
evacuation routes. Considerations must be given to possible damages from strong earthquakes
such as collapsed bridges, buildings, power line and landslides, which may block routes and cause
hazardous conditions. The following are some characteristics of ideal evacuation routes:
a. Wide streets
b. If possible, no bridges
c. Away from landslide-prone areas
d. Limited overhead power lines and similar hazards.
While in the process of designing the plan, It is best to walk along routes to identify hazards and
check on ground conditions that may not be obvious on maps.
Step 4. Hold a small workshop for community leaders to finalize maps
Create draft / working map with tsunami inundation zone, identified evacuation areas and
evacuation routes.
Organize a small group workshop with community leaders.
Discuss draft map and seek comments and inputs to improve map.
Step 5. Develop complete version of the map
Finalize map out of group inputs from the workshop.
Evacuation maps should be simple and easy to read and should include essential information only,
such as
a. Tsunami hazard zones;
b. Safe evacuation areas;
c. Recommended evacuation routes;
d. Local landmarks.
GLOSSARY - Disaster Management Organisations
Source: UNISDR; italics added by UNDP for elaboration
Capacity (Capability)-A combination of all the resources and knowledge available within a
community, society or organisation that can reduce the level of risk, or the effects of a disaster.
Capacity may include physical, institutional, intellectual, political, social, economic, and
technological means as well as individual or collective attributes such as leadership, co-ordination
and management.
Coping capacity-The level of resources and the manner in which people or organisations use these
resources and abilities to face adverse consequences of a disaster. In general, this involves managing
resources, both in normal times, as well as during adverse conditions. The strengthening of coping
capacities usually builds resilience to withstand the effects of natural and other hazards.
Disaster-A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread
human, material, economic and/or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own level of resources. Although disasters are generally
categorised as natural or manmade, recent understanding of these events show that most “natural
disasters” are also caused by human interactions with environment and nature, thus they are not
purely “natural”. The term natural disasters however are commonly used to refer to events that are
triggered by natural hazards. A disaster is a function of risk process resulting from the combination of
hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential
negative consequences of risk.
Disaster (risk) reduction-The conceptual framework of elements considered able to minimise or
reduce disaster risks within a community or society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and
preparedness) and to manage (emergency response) and recover from the adverse impacts of natural
and manmade hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development. For simplicity, UNISDR
uses the phrase disaster reduction.
Disaster risk management-The systematic management of administrative decisions, organisation,
operational skills and abilities to implement policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society
and communities to lessen the impacts of natural hazards and related potential environmental hazards.
This comprises all forms of activities, including structural and non-structural measures to avoid
(prevention), to limit (mitigation and preparedness) adverse effects of hazards and/or to manage
(emergency response) and recover from the consequences of the event.
Disaster risk reduction: Actions that reduce the impact of a disaster before its occurrence.
Disaster risk reduction policies: Plans and practices related to reducing the impact of a disaster
before its occurrence.
Early warning-The provision of timely and effective information, through identified formal and
informal institutions and communication network, that allow individuals exposed to a hazard, to take
action to avoid or reduce their risk and prepare for effective response. The objective of people-centred
early warning systems is to empower individuals and communities threatened by hazards with
knowledge to act in sufficient time and in an appropriate manner to reduce the possibility of personal
injury, loss of life and damage to property and the environment. An “end to end” TEWS is a series of
chronological events related to tsunami risk knowledge, monitoring and warning, communication
dissemination, and response capability to protect lives and property.
Emergency: A situation that is the result of any happening, whether natural or otherwise, which
causes or may cause loss of life or injury or illness or distress or in anyway endangers the safety of
the public or property.
2
Reference: The Guide to the National Civil Defence Emergency Management Plan. New Zealand
Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management. June 2006.
Emergency Manag em ent -The organisation and management of resources and responsibilities
for dealing with all aspects of emergencies, particularly preparedness, response and recovery.
Emergency management involves plans, structures and arrangements established to engage the
normal endeavours of government, voluntary, private agencies and local communities in a
comprehensive and co-ordinated way to respond to the whole spectrum of emergency needs.
Emergency management is also known as disaster management.
Emergency Management Policies and Legislation: Laws, plans and practices related to emergency
management.
Emergency Response Plan: Mechanisms and networks are established and maintained to respond
quickly to disasters and address emergency needs at the community level.
Reference: How Resilient is Your Coastal Community? U.S. IOTWS Document No. 27-IOTWS07CCR. 2007.
“End to End” Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System (TEWS): The objective of
people-centred early warning systems is to empower individuals and communities threatened by
hazards with knowledge to act in sufficient time and in an appropriate manner to reduce the
possibility of personal injury, loss of life and damage to property and the environment. An “end to
end” TEWS is a series of chronological events related to tsunami risk knowledge, monitoring and
warning, communication dissemination, and response capability to protect lives and property.
Reference: Developing Early Warning Systems: A Checklist. UN ISDR. March 2006.
Hazard-A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon and/or human activity, which may
cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social, economic disruption and environmental
degradation. Hazards can include potential conditions that may represent future threats and can have
different origins: natural (geological, hydro-meteorological and biological) and/or induced by human
processes (environmental degradation and technological hazards). Hazards can be single, sequential
or combined in their origin and effects. Each hazard is characterised by its location, intensity,
frequency, probability and its likely effects/impacts.
Mitigation-Structural (physical) and non-structural (non-physical) measures undertaken to protect
and/or strengthen vulnerable elements to minimise the adverse impact of natural hazards,
environmental degradation and technological hazards. Elements of important consideration include
population, livelihood, settlements, and basic social, economic and institutional services at the
primary level and development investments and environment at the secondary level.
Multi-Hazard Disaster Response Plans: Courses of actions undertaken in the event of a natural or
technological hazards.
Policy: A plan or course of action.
Reference: Webster’s Dictionary
Preparedness-Activities and measures taken in advance by people and organisations to ensure
effective mobilisation of response to the potential impact of hazards, including the issuance of timely
and effective early warnings, the temporary removal of people and property from a threatened
location and the support to indigenous coping capacity of the population at risk.
3
Prevention-Activities and/or physical measures to provide outright avoidance of the adverse impact
of hazards or the means to control the hazards at their source whenever possible. Due to
unpredictability and magnitude of most natural hazards, prevention is either costly or impossible.
However, most human induced hazards and other types with elements of human interaction with
nature are oftentimes preventable.
Recovery- Traditionally, actions taken after a disaster with a view to restoring the living conditions
of the stricken community and society to its normal and/or pre-disaster conditions. However, recovery
(rehabilitation and reconstruction) is an opportunity to develop and apply disaster risk reduction
measures by encouraging and facilitating necessary adjustments, based on lessons learned and better
planning and practices to reduce disaster risk.
Relief / response- The provision of assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to
meet the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of those people affected. It can be of an
immediate, short-term, or protracted duration. In the relief stage, change in people’s perception and
skills development leading to acceptance of and practice of disaster reduction can be achieved,
through participation in assessment, planning and implementation.
Risk-The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries, property,
livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions
between natural and/or human induced hazards and vulnerable conditions. Conventionally, risk is
expressed by the notation Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability/Capacity. It is important to consider the
social contexts in which risks occur and that people therefore do not necessarily share the same
perceptions of risk and their underlying causes.
Stakeholder Coordination Committees: Composed of a team of members from various sectors of
society involved in the conduct of disaster planning.
Sustainable local community education, preparedness, and mitigation: Community education
programs designed to empower individuals and communities threatened by hazards with knowledge
to act in sufficient time and in an appropriate manner to reduce loss of life and property damage. The
programs also include activities to reduce the impact of a hazard before its occurrence. These
community based programs are perpetuated through institutional and/or educational curriculum
activities.
Tsunami Risk: Means the likelihood and consequences of a tsunami hazard.
Vulnerability-A set of conditions and processes resulting from physical, social, cultural, political,
economic, and environmental factors, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact
of hazards.
4
1
Community Based Disaster Risk Management
Sanny R. Jegillos
Regional Programme Coordinator
United Nations Development Programme
Start a discussion about the term last mile in tsunami warning systems and one will get
various responses of what this term means. For scientists and disaster management
organizations involved in tsunami warning-last mile is imagined to be the “receiving end” of
the message. However, for coastal communities, particularly at risk to local tsunamis-they are
the “first mile”, i.e. the first who would bear with the devastating effects of the tsunami
waves and debris accompanying these. These concepts are thus interesting to explore:
The Dominant Perspective
The “last mile” concept indicate a chain of information flow that originates from a credible
source- a system that includes monitoring, warning dissemination and public safety
messages. The purpose of recognition of the last mile system is clear- that the public should
be able to receive warning and that they should be impressed enough to act and respond in a
timely and appropriate manner.
The above definition thus influences that type and scope of investments and interventions
required to be able to convey the message to the “last mile”. Detection and prediction of
tsunamis is only half the work of the early warning system. Of equal importance is the ability
to warn the populations of the areas that will be affected. All tsunami warning systems
feature multiple lines of communications (such as sms, e-mail, fax, radio, often using
dedicated systems) enabling emergency messages to be sent to the emergency services and
armed forces, as well to population alerting systems (e.g. sirens).
The last mile concept, thus, based on this definition is not a challenge to get a handle of. The
concept is represented as both a “geographical territory” where warning sirens ought to be
established as well as where the warning dissemination “terminates” oftentimes conveniently
illustrated in flow charts.
The “Subordinate Perspective”
As a practitioner of community based disaster risk management (CBDRM), I will however
argue that the concept of “last mile” is more complex than being a “territory” and a
“receiving end" of warning information. In CBDRM practice, the definition is broader
encompassing the various definitions of a “community”. Advocates would prefer to define
community and last mile in a socio-territorial way. Consider the following to illustrate the
point:
Community: the people with common interests living in a particular area; broadly: the area
itself (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/community)
Community: is defined as a feeling of members have of belonging, a feeling that members
matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members’ need will be met
through their commitment to be together. (D. W. Mcmillan and D. W. Davis, Sense of
Community).
1
2
CBDRM principles and practice recognize the importance of both definitions. One- that
vulnerable communities are exposed to physical hazards due to proximity to sources of
hazardous agents (an area with people on it that are exposed to tsunami hazards). Two-that
the socio cultural conditions, particularly strong community and social fabric (some refers to
this as social capital) influences the ability of individuals within to act appropriately when
warning is received (people with socio-economic vulnerability AND coping ability) .
The Community based Disaster Risk Management Approach
Practitioners of CBDRM will dismiss my whimsical exaggeration that the recognition of the
socio territorial nature of communities is a subordinate approach. In fact, they will argue that
CBDRM practice had been with communities since the ancient times when people adapt to
changing patterns of living that are constantly challenged by hazardous conditions. To
illustrate this, oral traditions in Moken communities and in the Simileu Island (40 km away
from the source and yet only 7 died out of 80,000 people) are largely credited for their ability
to recognize natural signs of an impending tsunami that saved almost their entire population.
In my work in promoting CBDRM practice in Vietnam, Bangladesh, the Philippines,
Cambodia and in Lao PDR, there are many examples of indigenous coping capacities that
save lives. Most noteworthy is the Bangladesh Cyclone Preparedness Programme1 that builds
on volunteerism spirit among communities. The CPP, a joint undertaking of the Government
of Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Red Crescent Societies is considered as best practice for
end to end warning system. Although telecommunication facilities (hard ware) is an
important feature- the success of the CPP in saving lives are due to the presence of over
35,000 plus volunteers who pass on the warning by megaphone to their village communities.
The CPP can now alert 8 million people living in at-risk coastal areas. This process has now
taken a multi hazard approach, and is augmented with year around awareness raising,
education activities, regular drills to ensure that system works when needed. The result is that
human losses have been reduced to a minimum.
In my view, CBDRM or CBDP (Red Cross/Red Crescent) practice by institutions in the Asia
Pacific Region started in an organized way from 1997. Since then-CBDRM practice had gone
a long way from the period of skepticisms that greeted early adopters among NGOs and
within the mid 1990’s, a period of dominance of the agenda of science and technology in the
IDNDR setting. I recall that CBDRM practice was started when the dominant paradigm was
provision of emergency relief assistance where affected communities were labeled as
helpless “victims”. In some countries, CBDRM was also introduced where structural
mitigation measures dominated the stakeholders’ agenda, with community participation taken
as a token step-to show that people were consulted in the construction of flood control and
other non-structural measures etc. Following the tsunami, observers determined that CBDRM
is implemented in a wider scale and became a key tool for disaster preparedness. It appears
though that there exist different interpretations of CBDRM.
1
In 1994, immediately after a cyclone that hit Myanmar and some parts of Bangladesh, I was commissioned to
evaluate the CPP and provided strategic and practical recommendations to enhance CPP. It was a character
building responsibility, but my most profound discovery was that many pioneers of CPP volunteers were
freedom fighters circa 1970s.
2
3
How well do we know CBDRM?2
It is universally accepted that governments have the primary responsibility for managing
disasters and for taking into consideration the roles played by different players. In the past,
top down and command and control approaches were oftentimes used to manage the
consequences of disasters. In this approach, decisions come from higher authorities based on
their perception on the needs. The communities serve as mere “victims” or receiver of aid. In
practice though, this approach was proven to be ineffective. It fails to meet the appropriate
and vital humanitarian needs. Moreover, it increases requirements for unnecessary external
resources and creates general dissatisfaction over performance despite exceptional
management measures employed. This is due to the fact that the community, as the primary
stakeholders and recipient of the direct impact of disasters, was not given the chance to
participate in the process of decision making and implementation of activities.
On the other hand, communities if left alone have limited resources to fully cope with
disasters. Disasters can be overwhelming and like in the tsunami in 2004, sources of warning
and information on hazards were largely unknown. In many developing countries, those who
suffer the most are the poor, who in the first place have limited survival resources and do not
enjoy access to social services, public education etc. They are also oftentimes neglected in
the decision making process of risk reduction, preparedness and development programmes
that will impact on their lives. Sadly, some poorly planned development programmes lacking
transparency and participation have also exacerbated communities’ vulnerabilities to natural
and man made hazards. Base on this rationale, the idea of balancing the approach from top
down to incorporating a bottom up approach was initiated. Thus, the Community based
Disaster Management approach emerged.
What is the CBDRM?
CBDRM practice recognizes the following lessons learned:
•
•
•
The local population in a disaster prone area, due to exposure and proximity, are
potential victims and assume most of the responsibilities in coping with effects of
disasters.
The local population has local knowledge of vulnerabilities and is repositories of any
traditional coping mechanisms suited for their own environment.
The local population responds first at times of crisis and the last remaining
participants as stricken communities strive to rebuild after a disaster.
The CBDRM approach provides opportunities for the local community to evaluate their own
situation based on their own experiences initially. Under this approach, the local community
not only becomes part of creating plans and decisions, but also becomes a major player in its
implementation. Although the community is given greater roles in the decision making and
implementation process, CBDRM does not ignore the importance of scientific and objective
risk assessment and EWS planning. The CBDRM approach acknowledges that as many
stakeholders as needed should be involved in the process, with the end goal of achieving
capacities and transferring resources to the community, which would assume the biggest
responsibility in disaster reduction.
2
These lessons learned are based on country case studies that were subject of research that I led on behalf of
UNCRD: Sustainability of CBDRM; 2002-2003. Case study countries include Philippines, Nepal, Indonesia,
Cambodia, Bangladesh
3
4
As we have learned though with the 2004 tsunami, many community members will have
different perceptions of the nature of disaster risk. In my experience, the Mt. Pinatubo
eruption in the Philippines in 1991 was an example of communities who were ignorant of
risk. Its previous eruption was over 600 years before the 1991 event. Thus residents and local
authorities did not anticipate the magnitude of these devastating effects.
Experiences show that CBDRM programme could address these limitations, by ensuring that
hazard awareness activities are more targeted according to prevailing perceptions of
communities.
Implications to Development of End to End Early Warning System
In my experience working in the tsunami affected countries-I am delighted that CBDRM/
CBDP practice is increasingly accepted in a significant way-as a risk reduction and
preparedness intervention. A number of CSOs have up scaled their CBDRM activities in a
broader scale-for example in Sri Lanka, a recent discussion indicated that Sarvodaya
Movement and Sri Lanka Red Cross implement CBDRM practice covering almost 85% of
coastal communities. At the national level, a series of national workshops on CBDRM were
conducted in Indonesia etc; and regional organizations including UNESCAP, ADPC, and
ADRC have convened similar regional meetings on CBDRM. At the global level,
PROVENTION Consortium commissioned studies to take a stock of community risk
assessment tools and methodology and the UN Center for Regional Development (UNCRD)
also completed a study on sustainability of CBDRM and recommended actions to sustain and
institutionalize these.
It is inevitable therefore that CBDRM practice by different organizations vary according to
mandate, purpose, principles, and resources etc. In my view, this is not bad per se if these
meet the needs of communities. Every community is different and will require different
approach. However, in the context of end to end early tsunami warning systems, some of the
key considerations related to this ought to be considered. These are:
1. What processes are in place where communities are engaged in understanding
tsunami risks? These may include oral traditions or official public awareness of
historical disasters (realized risks) and future disasters (potential risks). Consider risk
as a configuration of hazards, changing patterns of vulnerability and community
coping capacity.
CBDRM Tools: Community Risk Assessment, compiled by the PROVENTION
Consortium, ADRC’s Town Watching Methodology)
2. What processes and resources are in place where communities, particularly at the
household and individual levels are engaged in monitoring tsunami hazards?
CBDRM Tools: People are knowledgeable on the natural warning signs.
Community based Warning System. Best practice include the Bangladesh Cyclone
Preparedness Programme; Sarvodaya Movement Last Mile Hazard Information
Project.
4
5
3. Do local tsunami preparedness plans exist and are these linked with EWS triggers
such as the Official Standard Operating Procedure?
CBDRM Tools: Community based disaster preparedness. Checklist of Well
Prepared Red Cross Societies. Checklist prepared by Geohazards International,
ADRC. Best practices include RC/RC CBDP contingency planning process,
evacuation planning, community based first aid and other life saving skills
enhancement.
4. What tsunami warning dissemination system exists at the local level? Are they
sufficient and operational to be able to cover population at risk?
CBDRM Tools: Community based Warning System. Best practice include warning
dissemination volunteers, use of indigenous resources like church bells, mosques,
horns, local radio etc.
5. Are there continuous disaster awareness building and public information (multi
hazard including tsunami) activities?
CBDRM Tools: Community meetings, face to face interaction, folk songs and
traditional cultural presentation, use of change agents that build awareness and
develop public and culturally adaptable information programmes for tsunami risk and
preparedness. Best practice includes KOGAMI from Padang.
6. Are there risk education activities that promote a culture of safety?
CBDRM Tools School based education programmes (remember Tilly Smith).
Education for Women. Education for people who have influence over communities
(school teachers, religious leaders, local media, other traditional leaders.
7. Are there community based mitigation activities that seek to protect coastal
settlements?
CBDRM Tools: Mangrove and coastal natural protection projects. Best practice
include CBDP with mangrove reforestations project in Vietnam
5
Tsunami Planning Template
General
The purpose of this document is to assist in developing basic tsunami
response planning for local communities. Response plans will be
written specifically for the evacuation of populations living in coastal
areas and inland water ways. This document focuses on a timeline
from the receipt of a tsunami warning to the completion of the
evacuation. Response plans should focus on saving and protecting the
welfare of the general public, protecting critical infrastructure and key
resources, and lessen the impacts to individuals, communities, and the
environment.
Assumptions
Planners should understand the following assumptions this template
makes:
•
This document is not meant to be comprehensive. It is meant to
help provide basic response capability to tsunamis
•
Depending on planning needs, important aspects of tsunami
response (ie. notification procedures, communication plans and
protocol, administrative disaster management, etc) that might
be required are not addressed and must be added to the plan
•
Plans are not permanent. They should be updated regularly to
meet increasing levels of sophistication in organization and
coordination, alert procedures, communications, and response
capabilities
•
This document is not meant to dictate the planning process.
Planners are responsible for developing their own response
material (ie. inundation maps, traffic control points, evacuation
routes, hazard/damage/capability assessments, etc)
General Tsunami
Information
A tsunami is a series of ocean waves generated by sudden
displacements in the sea floor, landslides, or volcanic activity. In the
deep ocean, the tsunami wave may only be a few inches high. The
tsunami wave may come gently ashore or may increase in height to
become a fast moving wall of turbulent water several meters high.
Although a tsunami cannot be prevented, the impact of a tsunami can
be mitigated through community preparedness, timely warnings, and
effective response.
Tsunami Wave Travel
Over the ocean, tsunamis may not be visible and often go unnoticed.
Tsunami waves can travel at speeds upwards from 500 to 1,000
kilometers per hour (300 to 600 miles per hour) for thousands of miles.
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ITIC, 2008, revised 2013
As a tsunami wave approaches the coastline it increases in size. The
shape of the coastline, the ocean floor, and of advancing waves play
an important role in how destructive a tsunami is.
Tsunami
Characteristics
The force and destructive effects caused by tsunamis should not be
underestimated. The first wave to make landfall is not necessarily the
most damaging. Under certain conditions, the crest of an oncoming
wave can overtake the trough of a previous wave, creating a vertical
wall of water referred to as a bore – a wave with a churning front. At
times, the front may be the most destructive part of the wave while at
others, the outflow of water back to the sea may be the most
destructive part of the wave. A tsunami wave may vary in size on
different lengths of the coast. Areas such as sounds and inlets may
cause funneling effects that magnify the initial wave and then, through
resonance, subsequent waves.
Tsunami Categories
A tsunami may be categorized as local, regional, or distant. These
terms generally describe the potential destruction relative to the
tsunami source area.
• Local (Near Source)
A local tsunami is one with destructive or life threatening effects
usually limited within a 100-200 km (60-100 mi) range of the
epicenter. Local tsunamis occur soon after the generating event
and allow little time for warning and evacuation, arriving in minutes
to 1 hour. Their impact may be large, but in a limited area. Local
tsunamis may be caused by large earthquakes, submarine
volcanic eruptions, or non-seismically triggered landslides. The
first indication that a local tsunami may have been generated is
strong ground shaking along the coast. If an earthquake has
generated a local tsunami, strong shaking related damage may
complicate tsunami response.
• Regional (Intermediate)
A regional tsunami is one with destructive or life threatening
effects usually limited within a 1000 km (600 mi) range of the
epicenter. Regional tsunamis are the most common, and can
make landfall within 1 to 3 hours after the generating event. The
destruction caused by a regional tsunami may be limited due to
the deficiency of energy released required to generate a distant
tsunami. Areas affected by regional tsunamis
may not have felt the generating event.
• Distant or Tele-tsunami (Ocean-wide)
An ocean-wide tsunami is one with destructive or life threatening
effects that can extend across an entire ocean basin. Distant
2
ITIC, 2008, revised 2013
tsunamis are most often caused by undersea earthquakes, far from
the coastline. They may take a significant amount of time before
reaching the shore. Generally, a tsunami generated from a distant
source will be smaller than a local tsunami. However, tsunami
waves can propagate all the way across the ocean. A typical
distant tsunami scenario would allow time for an official warning
and evacuation.
Plan Format and
Design
Poor organization of information can limit the plan’s effectiveness. A
response plan is acceptable if those who are intended to use it can
understand it, are comfortable with it, and are able to locate the
information they need from it. The following points are things to keep
in mind when designing the response plan.
• Organization
Is the document structured and easy to reference, or do users have
to scan through irrelevant information to find what they are looking
for? Can single subdivisions be revised without forcing a
substantial rewrite of the entire response plan?
• Progression
Does the document follow a logical sequence? Are there items in
the document that are out of place, or would otherwise be better
suited in another topic? Do items in the document needlessly
duplicate items previously addressed? Can the reader grasp the
rationale for the sequence and scan for the information he/she
needs?
• Consistency
Are terms, ideas, and progression of elements consistent
throughout the whole document, or does the reader reorient
him/herself in each section?
• Adaptability
Is information in the plan organized be used in unanticipated
situations?
• Compatibility
Does the plan format promote or hinder coordination? Are
problems in this area more easily solved by reformatting the
response plan, or by making a chart of the coordination
relationships?
Plans should be designed to be consistent with other functional
response plans. It should contain information about authority,
organization, and responsibilities. Agencies and organizations with
3
ITIC, 2008, revised 2013
assigned response tasks should develop and incorporate specific
response procedures and checklists in their plans.
Planning
Considerations
Notification
•
Major tsunamis can cause numerous fatalities and injuries,
property damage and loss, and disruption of normal life-support
and services. It can also have a significant impact on regional
economic, physical, and social infrastructures.
•
The extent of casualties and damage will reflect factors such as
the time of occurrence, severity of impact, weather conditions,
population density, building construction, and the possible
triggering of secondary events such as fires and floods.
•
The capabilities of the local government to respond will quickly
be overwhelmed by the large number of casualties, heavy
damage to buildings and basic infrastructure, and disruption of
essential public services.
•
Local Emergency Management Officials will act on tsunami
watch information on their own initiative and responsibility.
•
In areas where early warning systems are not in place,
response plans will be provisional, and procedures should be
continually revised and updated to take advantage of
developing capacities.
•
In areas where tsunami information is limited, content quality,
accuracy, and timeliness will need to be considered and
compensated for in response planning.
•
In areas where tsunami information is limited, individual
authorities should remain in alert status for at least two hours
time after the estimated arrival time irrespective of whether a
tsunami has arrived or not.
It is the responsibility of the emergency centers to evaluate the
tsunami information received from the warning center and decide on
the appropriate action. A significant challenge associated with
notification procedures is the decision-making process about
evacuations, which can be costly and disruptive. Decision-making may
be further hindered by false alarms, due to the lack of adequate sea
level data in some regions. Notification procedures for emergency
centers should include:
•
Rapid notification of decision-making authorities
4
ITIC, 2008, revised 2013
•
Decision-making regarding the ordering of evacuations and
other protective measures
•
Rapid and comprehensive notification of the public at risk
Countries using internationally collected data should be aware of
differences in time and accuracy. Countries should pay full attention to
the possibility of a tsunami when strong earthquakes occur in or near
the area. If travel times are indicated, countries should expect a lapse
in time of wave arrival before or after the tsunami event.
Alert System
All notification plans should incorporate some kind of alert system.
Because tsunamis are infrequent, many people on the coastline will
either not know what events precede a tsunami, or how to respond.
Some people are overwhelmed by curiosity and are attracted to the
coast. Others who stay make terrible judgments on the seriousness of
the situation. The people need to be informed and warned when their
lives are in danger. When designing an alert system, some things to
consider are:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Who receives the warning?
How does the warning get to emergency centers?
How is the message received by the public?
What kind of communications are currently in place?
Who can hear the alert?
Where will alert posts be stationed?
How do people who cannot hear the alert be notified?
Who can activate the alert?
What groups will be around at any given time, which can
activate the alert?
Interim Alert Systems
The first priority should be to put together a formal, functioning warning
system. Regardless of whether an interim system may be manual,
rudimentary, or improvisational, the point is that it is planned for,
organized, routine, and executable. Planners should expedite any
conventional means available. The designated alert should be
something audible and recognizable (ie. a system of amplifiers,
loudspeakers, radios, and microphones, church or school bells,
foghorns, pa speakers, etc). Planners should also educate the coastal
communities on natural warning signs indicative of tsunamis.
Natural Warning Signs
During a local tsunami event, natural warning signs may be the first
and only alert before the first wave arrives onshore. Natural signs can
complement gaps in tsunami warning systems that are designed to
provide an early alert to vulnerable communities. These signs can alert
people to impending tsunamis. Understanding the behavior of
5
ITIC, 2008, revised 2013
tsunamis onshore can help inform people about the appropriate
actions to safeguard themselves and others.
Understanding
Natural Warning
Signs of Tsunamis
Natural signs of tsunamis include ground shaking from earthquakes
and unusual sea-level fluctuations, wave forms, and sounds.
• Earthquakes
Earthquakes can potentially be a very useful sign of a tsunami, if
observed or felt. Strong or unusually long ground shaking that
accompanies a shallow undersea earthquake is a natural warning
sign indicating that a tsunami might have been generated and that
the waves could arrive in minutes. An earthquake occurring inland
will not generate a tsunami. However, possibilities are not excluded
if its epicenter is located close to the sea
• Sea-Level Fluctuations
A receding shoreline is a natural warning sign that a tsunami is
coming. The arrival of a negative wave or trough causes a
shoreline to recede exposing portions of the ocean floor not
normally visible, even during low tides
• Wave Forms
Unusual wave forms can also precede the arrival of a tsunami on
shore. Typically, a tsunami has been described as a wall of water
or a fast rising, tide-like flood, or as a large breaking wave. Frothing
or bubbling of the water on the horizon can also indicate an
incoming tsunami, as well as tossing and/or sinking of boats
• Sounds
Tsunamis can be accompanied by distinctive sounds, that can
heard from a distance. An approaching tsunami can sound like
“thunder” or a loud “constant roar”, like that of a train or jet airplane.
Response times are short once tsunami sounds are heard.
The ability to observe a receding shore and unusual wave forms
provide the most effective natural warnings that a tsunami is
approaching, however these signs also mean that wave arrival is
imminent. People living in coastal areas near the source of tsunamis
should be able to recognize these signs and immediately and quickly
respond by evacuating to safe areas. Building a better knowledge of
an area’s tsunami hazards, recognition of the natural tsunami warning
signs, and familiarity with tsunami evacuation plans is often effectively
built through community-based preparedness activities aimed at
ensuring an effective response to warnings.
Continuous
Emergency centers should have a 24/7 (24 hours, 7 days a week)
6
ITIC, 2008, revised 2013
Operations
watch. Tsunamis can come day or night, and people need to be ready
to respond at any given time. Workers conducting overnight operations
should be qualified to do so, and should involve at least one person
with experience.
Other Sources of
Tsunami Warning
Information
The following methods may used to receive tsunami warning
information, which can help supplement warning systems, depending
on available technology:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Global Telecommunications System of the World
Meteorological Organization (WMO/GTS)
Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN,
Airports around the world)
Internet Email
Telefax
SMS or Text message
Dedicated Phone Line / Hotline or Service (Reverse ‘911’)
In the US, NOAA Weather Wire or Advanced Weather
Information Processing System (AWIPS)
The GTS is the backbone of the international dissemination system,
but telefax and email are also widely utilized. In the US, the NOAA
Weather Wire makes weather information products available to
independent subscribers such as the media, through the U.S. National
Weather Service’s Family of Services. The US AWIPS distributes
bulletins to all U.S. Weather Forecast Offices. Different tsunami
message products given separate World Meteorological Organization
(WMO) headers or identifiers.
It should be noted that methods that rely on Internet technologies may
suffer from time delay, due to distance and update response times.
However, it should be reasonably assumed that organizations
proactively seeking response capabilities are less likely to suffer a
lower probability of ‘shock factor’ that can delay response. Delays
may also occur through voice line or SMS text due to extremely heavy
usage immediately after a great earthquake occurs.
Evacuation
Planning
Planners should keep in mind that response for local and distant
source event will differ. A distant source tsunami may allow several
hours to evacuate. A local tsunami may require immediate selfevacuation through areas damaged by an earthquake at some risk of
aftershocks. The amount of time required to execute an evacuation
should be analyzed, and built into the decision-making procedure.
Tsunami and earthquakes should be planned for together, as a
significant earthquake may possibly generate a tsunami.
In some locations, there may be a policy of vertical evacuation to a
designated (and signed) strong building, or for sheltering in place.
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ITIC, 2008, revised 2013
Special procedures for schools in the evacuation zones may need to
be developed.
Identifying Affected
Areas
All areas affected by inundation should be identified and marked.
Evacuation zones should extend up to the maximum expected
inundation limit. It is important to note that wave activity in areas such
as harbors or narrow bays may amplified by harbor resonance. Critical
Infrastructure and/or facilities that may produce hazardous effects,
affected by tsunamis should also be identified.
Vertical evacuation structures or refuges or other high berms should
be clearly marked by relevant signage.
Evacuation
Preparation
Preparations should be made prior to evacuation. Some things to
consider are as follows:
Evacuation Routes/
Traffic Control
•
What are the procedures, and when will centers be activated?
•
Who will be recalled?
•
What instructions will be given for non-disaster workers?
•
What areas need to be evacuated?
•
How can people who are hearing impaired receive the alert?
•
How will non-native speakers be addressed and informed?
•
What training and procedures can be reviewed prior to the
event?
•
Will people be evacuated entirely on foot, or will mass-transit be
available for parts of the population?
•
Should boats be secured in the harbor or put out to sea?
•
How will incoming vessels be notified not to proceed inland?
Planners should identify optimum evacuation routes inland towards
higher ground. Not all areas will have access to higher ground.
Evacuation routes should avoid narrow and heavily used routes in
densely populated areas to avoid bottlenecks in traffic. Ideally, the
public should evacuate by foot as much as possible, to avoid creating
more traffic congestion. Once areas have been evacuated,
roadblocks, barricades, and/or a system of patrols should be set in
place to keep the public from wandering into evacuation zones. Public
and volunteer involvement in evacuation and traffic control procedures
free up emergency workers to handle more critical tasks. Special
8
ITIC, 2008, revised 2013
planning considerations must be made to address the portion of the
public sector that are willing, yet incapable of evacuating inundation
zones. The benefits of committing resources to develop special needs
planning are plentiful; it relieves some of the pressure on search and
rescue efforts, it frees up others to evacuate themselves, it helps in
carrying out a controlled evacuation, among other positive things.
Self-Evacuation
All Clear or Safe to
Return to Evacuated
Area
Sometimes the community will need to be the “eyes and ears” of a
tsunami alert system. In the event of a local tsunami, there is little time
to coordinate, respond, and provide a formal warning. Technology
designed to detect tsunami data may not always provide an alert, and
communication lines affected by earthquakes can be severed. Those
receiving calls from others who have already learned of the disaster
may be warned too late to evacuate. Where no time is allowed,
evacuation must begin instantly. Planners should help communities to
be prepared to self-evacuate, without any formal warning.
•
Planners should help communities identify evacuation zones,
possible refuge areas, and nearby areas that are accessible to
higher ground
•
Planners should promote tsunami public awareness, train
community members how to recognize natural tsunami warning
signs, and instruct them on proper procedures for the
movement of peoples and traffic control
•
Planners should help members of the community designate
where to have their family members meet, where they should
evacuate, what they should bring, and where to regroup
•
Planners should have communities develop social networks
within the community that can be take care of their community
members. This also includes identifying individuals who may
need assistance in evacuation, and possibly designating
community members (ie. relatives, friends, neighbors) who can
pick them up while evacuating.
Evacuated areas should remain closed to the public until after the
tsunami warning is cancelled and the threat of a tsunami no longer
exists. A tsunami is a series of waves that arrive every 5-60 minutes,
and it may be more than 2 hours before impacted areas are safe for
re-entry. The decision to allow re-entry will be made by proper local
Emergency Management officials. Residents should enter through
control points to ensure that safety and sanitary precautions are
provided.
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ITIC, 2008, revised 2013
RE
SUPPRESSION
FINANCE/ ADMIN
ITIC, May 2008
PUBLIC
INFORMATION
WARNING
COORDINATION
PUBLIC
TRANSPORTATION
INFORMATION
HUMANE/
RELIEF
SOCIAL
SERVICES
SEARCH & RESCUE
PUBLIC
WORKS
COMMUNICATIONS
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
MEDICAL
SERVICES
FIRE
SUPPRESSION
Figure 4-A. Roles & Responsiblity Matrix
Non-Governmental/Community-Based/Other Organizations
CONTACT INFO
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY
Roles & Responsibility Matrix
MEDICAL
SERVICES
Evacuation Checklist
This is a simple checklist to use when doing an evacuation.
Make sure to include the date, who filled out the checklist,
and the time each task was completed by.
Date:
By:
Time:
Tsunami message received
Call in staff
Activate emergency centers / Notify public safety agencies
Sound public sirens and alarm notifications
Initiate media notifications and evacuation announcements
Initiate evacuation of people away from coast (Tsunami
Evacuation Maps)
Put boats/ships out to sea if wave impact time permits
Setup road-blocks and evacuation routes
Guide people through traffic points to shelter
Initiate recall of disaster response workers
Open and operate shelters
Do roll call for workers
and volunteers
ITIC, May 2008
Emergency Response Matrix
AGENCY
LAW
SEARCH &
RESCUE
FIRE
COM
SHEL
RESP
PREP/
TRAIN
LAND
RESCUE
RESCUE
MARITIME
SEARCH/
RECON
NON-GOVERNMENTAL &
COMMUNITY BASED
ORGANIZATIONS
MEDICAL
SPONSOR/
HOST
AUTHORITY
Figure 3-B. Emergency Response Matrix
ITIC, May 2008
EVAC
Tsunami Occurrence Checklist
This is a simple checklist to use after a tsunami event.
Emergency workers should wait for a minimum of two
hours or until an “all clear” is given before re-entering
evacuation zones.
Date:
By:
Time:
Count the number of workers available
Decide what need to be done
Assign workers to groups
Assign tasks to groups
Inspect damaged areas
Block off dangerous areas
Search for survivors
Get hurt people to triage
Guide people home safely
Bring boats back in
Clean up damaged areas
Remove dead bodies
ITIC, May 2008
Earthquake Bulletin
An Earthquake Bulletin, issued by The Indonesia Earthquake Information and
Tsunami Warning Center at the Meteorological and Geophysical Agency
(BMG), means the occurrence of a felt earthquake, with the evaluation that a
damaging tsunami was not likely generated.
Earthquake Bulletin Checklist
Date:
Accomplished
By
1
Receive/analyze Tsunami Information Bulletin
2
Plot location of epicenter. Estimated Wave Arrival Time
Time:
Long/Lat:
Time
IF TSUNAMI WAS NOT GENERATED AND NO WARNING IS ISSUED FOR REGION:
3
- Notify Authorities/Staff/other Departments as
necessary
4
- Contact Tsunami Scientific Advisor; discuss situation
5
- Respond to queries by media/general public
6
- Issue new releases; if necessary
Monitor Situation. Remain alert for possible additional/
stronger aftershocks
7
- Update telephone answering machines, as necessary
PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE WARNING
8
- Review Watch and/or Warning checklists, on page(s)
- Monitor situation until advised that no tsunami threat
exists for region
IF A TSUNAMI WARNING / ADVISORY IS ISSUED, IMMEDIATELY GO TO
THE CHECKLIST AT PAGE ___ OR ___.
Tsunami Information Checklist
ITIC, May 2008
Tsunami Warning/Advisory Checklist
Date:
Accomplished
By
Time
1
Acknowledge receipt of Tsunami Warning/Advisory Bulletin
2
Review/analyze Tsunami Bulletin
3
Plot location of epicenter. Estimate Wave Arrival Time
Time:
Long/Lat:
4
Activate Emergency Operations Centers EOCs and initiate
agency notification list / staff recall lists
5
Initiate Media Broadcasts (radio/television/print)
6
Initiate Public Notification Systems (sirens, alarms, etc.)
__________
________
7
Activate Mobile Ground / Sea / Air Units to begin
dissemination of evacuation notifications
__________
________
8
Activate Traffic Control and Roadblock Plan
9
Activate Public Transportation Assistance Plan
10
Activate Shelter Evacuation Centers Plan
11
Activate EOC Communications Plan
- Provide initial situational report to district/province
Coordinators
Make Emergency Radio Transmissions
- Notify public / private sector organizations of EOC
activation
- Coordinate area(s) to be warned
- Activate ocean maritime radio broadcasts
- Activate/Staff Public Information Center
- Activate Volunteer Radio Operators
- Respond to media inquiries
12
Authority/designated staff member will contact higher
authority:
- Update higher authority on event and actions taken
- Instructions to Disaster and Non Response Workers
(Do not report to work, report to work at
, report to
work at
, leave work immediately, leave work at
Tsunami Warning Checklist
ITIC, May 2008
.)
- Regional/provincial/district public
and private sector employees
(Do not report to work, report to work at
, report to
work at
, leave work immediately, leave work at
.)
- Public/private school operations
(Schools remain closed, will close at
open until
.)
, will remain
- Request to public to curtail non-emergency travel
13
Contact other Emergency Management Agencies to
coordinate:
wave arrival times; if regional or distant earthquake,
consider day/night early siren activation(s):
14
2
hours prior to wave arrival time
1
hour prior to wave arrival time
30
min prior to wave arrival time
Ensure TV stations are
- Using Warning crawlers for hearing impaired
- Announcing correct shelters and opening times
- Encouraging curtailment of non-emergency travel
- Encouraging swimmers/surfers/beach goers to evacuate
and remain clear of coastlines
- Issuing warning advisories/updates/instructions to boat
owners
15
Monitor Transportation/Evacuation Plans
- Coordinate road block/evacuation routes
- Elderly/Disabled Person Assistance
- Conduct Mass Transit Evacuation Plans
- Public Address System Announcement
16
Shelter Operator roll call (opening times / shelter lists)
17
Tsunami roadblock withdrawal time
18
Relocation/protection of organizational equipment/resources
Tsunami Warning Checklist
ITIC, May 2008
19
Coordinate/update volunteer availability
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
- Coordinate Police Department/designated evacuation
teams for warning/evacuation/traffic control assignments
- Coordinate/dispatch Warning Public Address System
Announcement (PASA)
20
Review siren gap areas and recently malfunctioned sirens
- Assign/Public Address capable vehicular assets
- Coordinate/dispatch Warning PASA
21
Alert/brief/dispatch Damage Survey Assessment Teams
22
Provide security for evacuated areas
23
Relocation/protection of Resources (dispersal
times/locations)
Police
24
Health Dept
EMS
TSUNAMI CANCELLATION BULLETIN ISSUED
-
25
Fire
If non-destructive tsunami, issue “ALL CLEAR” to
public that it is safe to return to coastline
If destructive tsunami event, announce to public not
to return to coastline, and listen to official
announcements
Direct Post Impact Operations
-
Identify Impact & Hazard Areas
-
Secure Impact & Hazard Areas
-
Conduct Search & Rescue
-
Conduct Mass Care & Sheltering
-
Conduct Debris Clearance
-
Tsunami Warning Checklist
ITIC, May 2008
Timeline Template for Tsunami Emergency Response
# of Minutes
after Earthquake
Activities
Agencies Responsible
Comments
0 – Strong ground
shaking felt
1–5
5 - 15
15 – 30
30 – 60
60+
1-3 hours
3+ hours
Action Principles:
− Understand and interpret Tsunami Warning Center messages into actions
(i.e. evacuations – yes or no)
− Receipt of TWC messages on a 24x7 basis
− Rapid Notification of Decision Makers
− Rapid Notification of the Public
− Rapid Notification of Media
− Rapid Notification and Recall of Emergency Staffs
− Rapid Notification of Government agencies; NGO’s; other organizations
− Enact land and sea evacuations procedures
− Open shelters
ITIC, May 2008
Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan
Supporting Plan [SP 01/09]
Revised May 2012
Resilient New Zealand
Aotearoa Manahau
Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012 1
Tsunami Advisory and Warning
Supporting Plan [SP 01/09]
Revised May 2012
ISBN 978-0-478-35559-8
Authority
This document has been issued by the Director of the Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency
Management pursuant to s9(3) of the Civil Defence Emergency Management (CDEM) Act 2002. It is
a support plan to the functional arrangements set out in the National CDEM Plan and The Guide to
the National CDEM Plan. This plan is referenced in Appendix 1 of The Guide to the National CDEM
Plan.
Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management
PO Box 5010
Wellington
New Zealand
Tel: +64 4 473 7363
Fax: +64 4 473 7369
email: [email protected]
www.civildefence.govt.nz
2
Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012
Table of Contents
Preface........................................................................................................................... 4
Introduction
Purpose of this plan...................................................................................................... 5
Scope of this plan ........................................................................................................ 5
Use of this plan............................................................................................................. 5
Testing of this plan........................................................................................................ 5
Annexes to this plan...................................................................................................... 5
Other documents relevant to this plan........................................................................ 6
Responsibilities
Introduction................................................................................................................... 7
Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre.................................................................................. 7
GNS Science.................................................................................................................. 7
MCDEM.......................................................................................................................... 8
Airways Corporation...................................................................................................... 8
Civil Defence Emergency Management (CDEM) Groups............................................ 8
Media............................................................................................................................. 8
Maritime NZ................................................................................................................... 8
Other agencies.............................................................................................................. 8
Initial tsunami threat assessment
Introduction................................................................................................................... 9
Responsibility of MCDEM............................................................................................. 9
Initial assessment......................................................................................................... 9
Special considerations – local source tsunami.......................................................... 9
Response indicators for MCDEM...............................................................................10
Further assessment for national warnings
Introduction.................................................................................................................11
Estimated wave arrival times.....................................................................................11
Estimated wave heights..............................................................................................11
Coastal zones..............................................................................................................12
Wave height categories...............................................................................................13
Types of Notification by MCDEM
Notifications from MCDEM.........................................................................................14
National Advisory – Tsunami: No threat to NZ..........................................................15
National Advisory – Tsunami: Potential threat to NZ................................................16
National Warning – Tsunami Threat to NZ................................................................ 17
National Warning – Tsunami Marine and Beach Threat..........................................18
National Warning – Tsunami Marine and L and Threat........................................19
National Advisory or Warning: Tsunami cancellation message...............................20
Request for the Broadcast of an Emergency Annoucement....................................21
Annexes
Annex A – Glossary.................................................................................................... 22
Annex B – Action guides............................................................................................ 25
Annex C – Tsunami notification templates............................................................... 31
Annex D – Tsunami categories and threat................................................................51
Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012
3
Preface
This plan describes the national arrangements to receive and assess tsunami
information and to disseminate national tsunami advisories and/or warnings.
New Zealand is a member of the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (an international
system under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
of UNESCO) designed to provide timely and effective information about tsunamis
or potential tsunamis generated in the Pacific Basin. In New Zealand the system
is complemented by GNS Science geological hazards and sea level monitoring.
MCDEM is the agency responsible for initiating national tsunami advisories and
warnings to the communities of New Zealand.
This plan describes the procedures to receive, assess and disseminate tsunami
notifications at the national level. However, national tsunami advisories or
warnings may not reach all local communities at all times. Local authorities must
therefore maintain public alert systems and procedures to communicate tsunami
advisories or warnings received from the national level further down stream to
local communities. The arrangements for local level public alerting should be
contained in CDEM Group Plans.
For any tsunami warning to be effective, the population in general must be aware
of the nature of tsunamis, the damage they can cause in their areas and ways to
mitigate (prevent or avoid) the destructive aspects of tsunamis. The responsibility
for public awareness rests at both national and local levels.
Additional information about tsunamis may be found in the National Hazardscape
Report on the MCDEM website, www.civildefence.govt.nz, in the Publications
section.
4
Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012
Introduction
Purpose of this plan
The purpose of this plan is to outline the national procedures to warn local
authorities and national agencies of the approach of known or possible tsunamis
that could affect coastal areas of New Zealand.
The scope of this
plan
This is a National Advisory and Warning Plan and deals with the arrangements
to receive and assess tsunami information at the national level, and the
dissemination of national official1 notifications via the National Warning System.
The plan does not address the detailed actions to be taken by local authorities and
national agencies upon receipt of national official tsunami notifications. Matters
such as local public alerting systems, possible areas of inundation and evacuation
arrangements must be incorporated into local plans. This plan can assist in the
preparation of local plans and educational material.
This plan also does not address the response arrangements after a tsunami has struck.
Generic response arrangements are detailed in the National Civil Defence Emergency
Management (CDEM) Plan and CDEM Group Plans for multi-hazard response.
Use of this plan
This plan is to be used by:
• Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management (MCDEM).
• Science agencies associated with civil defence and emergency management
• Emergency services
• Other government agencies
• Civil Defence & Emergency Management (CDEM) Groups
• Local government
These organisations must plan their actions for when they receive information
through the National Warning System to enable them to respond appropriately.
Testing of this plan
Testing of this plan will be done in conjunction with the testing of the National Warning
System as well as specific exercises that MCDEM initiates or is involved in.
Annexes to this plan
The annexes attached to this plan provide definitions of terminology, examples of
templates and action guides that are used in the response to a tsunami event, as
well as additional information to assist local agencies in the development of their
own area plans. The list of annexes are:
Annex A - Glossary
Annex B - Action Guides
Annex C - Examples of tsunami notifications
Annex D - Tsunami categories and threat
1. “Official” notifications or warnings are issued by designated authorities. They are different to
“natural” warnings (felt, heard, and observed experiences) and “informal” warnings (informal means
of communication e.g. person to person or media reports)
Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012
5
Introduction (continued)
Other documents
relevant to this plan
Other documents that must be read in conjunction with this plan are:
• Directors Guideline: Tsunami Evacuation Zones [DGL 08/08]
• Technical Standard: National Tsunami Signage [TS 01/08]
These documents can be found on the Publications page of the Ministry’s website,
www.civildefence.govt.nz
6
Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012
Responsibilities
Introduction
This section provides an overview of the responsibilities of organisations
responding to a tsunami event. Annex B (page 23) provides detailed Action Guides
for some agencies mentioned in this section.
Pacific Tsunami
Warning Centre
(PTWC)
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre (PTWC) is located in Hawaii and serves as the
operational headquarters for the Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWS). The
PTWS is a tsunami warning system governed by Pacific member countries of the
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) which is a body under the
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
The PTWC monitors an expansive seismic and sea level network in the Pacific and
issues tsunami bulletins under the following categories (using the location and
magnitude of earthquakes as the only initial determinants):
•
•
•
•
Tsunami Information Bulletin/Statement
Tsunami Advisory
Tsunami Watch, and
Tsunami Warning
The PTWC bulletin categories do not apply in New Zealand. MCDEM uses the
PTWC categories as one of several considerations to initiate official advisories or
warnings in New Zealand. PTWC tsunami bulletins are disseminated directly to
MCDEM and GNS Science. MCDEM, with the support of GNS Science assess all
bulletins received from the PTWC to determine the threat for New Zealand.
PTWC tsunami bulletins are also faxed to Airways Corporation in Christchurch via
the Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network (AFTN) and to the MetService
in Wellington via the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) as redundancy
measures for MCDEM.
GNS Science
GNS Science maintains a national geological hazards monitoring and data
collection system through its GeoNet project. GeoNet incorporates dual data
centres with duty officers on 20 minute 24/7 response time. Through this system
GeoNet is able to detect earthquakes in the seas around New Zealand. GeoNet
earthquake reports are disseminated to MCDEM.
GeoNet also monitors and maintains New Zealand’s sea level monitoring network
around New Zealand coasts and off-shore islands. GNS Science is also expanding
its GeoNet data management centre capability to include sea level information.
GeoNet receive tsunami bulletins directly from PTWC.
GNS Science serves as MCDEM’s primary advisor for tsunami threat analysis.
It can activate a tsunami experts panel usually consisting of representatives of
GNS Science, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) and
academic institutions for this purpose when required.
Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012
7
Responsibilities (continued)
MCDEM
The overall responsibility for the initiation and issue of national official tsunami
notifications in New Zealand rests with the Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency
Management (MCDEM). MCDEM receives tsunami bulletins directly from PTWC
and earthquake reports from GeoNet.
MCDEM uses the National Warning System (NWS) to disseminate official tsunami
notifications in the form of national advisories and warnings on a 24/7 basis.
Section 19 of The Guide to the National CDEM Plan describes the NWS.
MCDEM represents New Zealand in the Pacific Tsunami Warning System.
MCDEM also maintains a Memorandum of Understanding with GNS Science for
the provision of earthquake and tsunami information and advice to MCDEM.
Airways Corporation
and MetService
Upon receipt of PTWC bulletins, Airways Corporation and MetService send a copy
to MCDEM and contact the MCDEM Duty Officer to confirm receipt of the bulletin.
CDEM Groups
CDEM Groups and CDEM Group members are responsible for the planning for,
development and maintenance of appropriate public alert and tsunami response
systems for their areas.
All the CDEM Groups and CDEM Group members receive official national tsunami
advisories and warnings via the NWS. CDEM Groups and CDEM Group members
are responsible for further local threat assessment and deciding on appropriate
local public alerting.
Media
Under the arrangements contained in The Guide to the National CDEM Plan,
MCDEM can request public radio and television stations to broadcast official
national advisories and warnings. CDEM Groups may also include local
broadcasters in their local public alerting systems.
Maritime New
Zealand
Maritime New Zealand, using the Maritime Operations Centre, is responsible
for safety of life at sea communications, including maritime safety information
in Navigation Area XIV. This area covers the Pacific stretching from the equator
to the South Pole and the Mid Tasman to 120 degrees west. This includes the
dissemination of maritime safety information in the area it is responsible for.
Other agencies
A number of other New Zealand agencies, including the emergency services,
receive official national tsunami advisories and warnings from MCDEM. These
agencies respond to the information in accordance with their own arrangements
and/or procedures and where applicable, in support of CDEM Groups.
8
Tsunami Advisory and Warning Plan: Version 5.0 May 2012
TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE:
HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE
HAWAII SOP FOR DISTANT GENERATED TSUNAMI
I.
PURPOSE:
To provide procedural guidance for SCD staff in responding to
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issued Distant
Tsunami Bulletins for the Hawaiian Islands.
II.
GENERAL:
A. A distant generated tsunami can occur at any time towards the
Hawaiian Islands from earthquakes in the Pacific “Ring of Fire.”
Arrival of damaging tsunami waves may occur anytime from 4 to
16 hours after earthquake origin time, depending upon coastal
earthquake location. PTWC notifies State and County Warning
Points of the issuance of various Tsunami Bulletins and
subsequent bulletin cancellations.
B. PTWC will issue an initial, expanding and propagating Tsunami
Advisory Bulletin for a large earthquake magnitude 7.9 or
greater, with wave arrival time to Hawaii greater than 6 hours.
PTWC is determining whether a destructive Pacific wide tsunami
has been generated. This expanding Tsunami Advisory Bulletin
could be upgraded to a Tsunami Watch Bulletin when wave
arrival time is about 6 hours to Hawaii.
C. PTWC will issue an initial, expanding Tsunami Watch Bulletin for
a large earthquake magnitude 7.9 or greater between 3-6 hours
wave arrival time to Hawaii. PTWC is still in the process of
determining whether a destructive Pacific wide tsunami has
been generated. Hawaii also placed in a Tsunami Watch for
large northwest Pacific Ocean earthquakes (north of 35 degrees
north latitude) that are greater than 6 hours wave arrival time,
per Civil Defense request.
D. PTWC will issue an expanding Tsunami Warning Bulletin if there
is evidence that a destructive Pacific wide tsunami has been
generated and/or wave arrival time to Hawaii is 3 hours or less.
Moreover, PTWC can issue a Pacific Wide Warning Bulletin at
any time when a destructive tsunami is detected. When a
Tsunami Warning Bulletin is issued, sirens are normally
sounded statewide and a “live” Emergency Alert System (EAS)
message is broadcast by SCD to begin coastal evacuation.
1
SOP FOR DISTANT TSUNAMI final 11-29-04.doc
E. PTWC will issue an initial, non-expanding Tsunami Advisory
Bulletin for major earthquakes with magnitudes between 7.6 to
7.8 in the south and northwest Pacific Ocean, or 7.1 to 7.8 in
Alaska, Aleutian Islands, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon,
or California. Note: Most of these historical earthquakes have
not generated Pacific-wide destructive tsunamis. Areas within
1000 kilometers of the epicenter will be placed in a
precautionary warning area.
F. PTWC will issue a Tsunami Information Bulletin for a strong
earthquake magnitude between 6.5 to 7.5. No Pacific-wide
tsunami generation is expected.
G. The media is simultaneously receiving information on the event
via NOAA Weather Wire and NOAA Weather Radio.
III.
FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
A. When directed, SCD staff receiving a PTWC
Advisory/Watch/Warning Bulletin via a pager or cell phone will
immediately and as safely as possible, report to the Emergency
Operating Center (EOC) if in the vicinity of Diamond Head
Crater.
B. SCD staff members will use discretion during off duty hours. If
an SCD staff member is with family and within close proximity to
the EOC, proceed to the EOC with the family.
C. As a minimum, SCD staff should be aware as to whether
primary-driving routes from residence to EOC traverse published
tsunami evacuation maps in the front of the telephone book.
IV.
OPERATIONS:
A. Upon receipt of a PTWC Tsunami Advisory/Watch/Warning
Bulletin, and when directed by the Director / Vice Director of
Civil Defense or authorized representative, personnel assigned
to Crisis Action Team (CAT A) will activate the EOC Control
Point during duty hours. CAT B personnel will fill vacant CAT A
positions.
B. Upon receipt of a Tsunami Advisory Bulletin, and when directed,
the Initial Response Team (IRT) will report to the EOC during
non-duty hours to monitor the event and be prepared to respond
appropriately to a potential upgrade of the tsunami bulletin.
C. Upon receipt of a Tsunami Watch or Warning Bulletin, and when
directed by the Director/Vice Director of Civil Defense or
authorized representative, personnel assigned to Crisis Action
Team (CAT) A will be notified to immediately report to the EOC
2
SOP FOR DISTANT TSUNAMI final 11-29-04.doc
during non-duty hours. Personnel are directed to immediately
proceed to the EOC as rapidly and safely as possible. Initial
notification will be to the A Team Leader and the Alternate A
Team Leader. The subsequent notification will be to the B Team
Leader (in his absence, the B Team Alternate or any other B
Team member who can be contacted), who will assume
responsibility for rapid notification of the remainder of CAT A.
The B Team notification person will use his discretion and
resources to substitute appropriate CAT B personnel when CAT
A personnel cannot be contacted or are unavailable to
immediately respond. During duty hours, CAT A personnel will
activate the EOC Control Point. CAT B personnel will fill vacant
CAT A positions.
D. Within 30-40 minutes of initial notification, the B Team Leader
will telephonically contact the A Team Leader at the EOC to
provide the status of personnel responding to the EOC.
E. The B Team Leader has the responsibility for telephonic
notification of the Civil Defense coordinators for State agencies.
F. The B Team Leader will, as appropriate, notify his team of
events and prepare them to relieve CAT A at a mutually agreed
upon time. For extended operations, changes to team
assignments may have to be made.
G. The B Team alternate will contact Ruger Security to have the
Kahala tunnel unlocked for arriving CAT A personnel. Ruger
security should be contacted to leave the gates unlocked for
arriving personnel.
H. If unable to SAFELY respond to the EOC, proceed to an
alternate location. These locations could include Oahu Civil
Defense Agency (OCDA), neighbor island EOC, the Hawaii
Regional Air Operations Control Center (HIRAOCC), or a
National Guard Armory. Communicate your location to the
EOC. The SCD staff will use discretion when responding.
V.
ADMINISTRATION AND SUPPORT:
A. The Plans and Operations Branch is responsible for maintaining
a copy of the SOP in the Control Point SOP Operations Manual.
Persons assigned to SCD should be provided an email copy.
B. Branch Chiefs and supervisors will insure employees are
familiar with the SOP.
C. The Training, Education and Information (TEI) Branch will
support training needs for all employees.
3
SOP FOR DISTANT TSUNAMI final 11-29-04.doc
D. Recommendations for additions, deletions or modifications to
the SOP will be submitted through Branch Chiefs to Plans and
Operations.
E. Branch Chiefs will report to Plans and Operations any changes
in equipment or procedures or status of equipment that might
affect procedures for executing this SOP.
APPROVED: ______________________
DATE: ____________
Vice Director of Civil Defense
4
SOP FOR DISTANT TSUNAMI final 11-29-04.doc
TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE:
HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE
ANNEX E:
HAWAII DISTANT-GENERATED TSUNAMI RESPONSE CHECKLIST
I. PURPOSE
To provide procedural guidance and action steps to be followed in responding to a
notification of a potential distant-generated tsunami that could impact the Hawaiian Islands.
II. GENERAL
In the event of an earthquake, or other underwater incident, with the potential of generating
a tsunami, the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) could issue a Tsunami Advisory
Bulletin concerning the incident while determining whether or not a tsunami has been
generated. Notification will normally be issued over the HAWAS and the Inter-Island Data
System. However, information may also be passed through AIRCOM, the SWP, or directly
from PTWC after normal office hours. If a tsunami watch or warning is issued by PTWC,
the Civil Defense system will be used to alert the public [Emergency Alert System (EAS)].
Sirens will be used to advise those in threatened areas of evacuation procedures and other
protective measures.
The State Civil Defense Initial Response Team (IRT) will report to the Emergency
Operating Center (EOC): 1) only when directed and; 2) upon receipt of notification of a
Tsunami Advisory Bulletin with a moment magnitude of 7.1 or greater (in Alaska, Aleutian
Islands, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon or California) or 7.6 or greater (in the South
Pacific).
Personnel assigned to Crisis Action Team (CAT) A will report to the State EOC upon
receipt of a Tsunami Watch or Warning Bulletin for the State of Hawaii.
III. ACTIONS REQUIRED ON INITIAL NOTIFICATION
[ ] NOTE: Complete Annex B, Emergency Operation Center Activation Checklist
(Primary Notification means of contacting State Civil Defense Staff is the SCD
Telephone notification / Recall Roster)
Event ________________, Time __________, Watch/Warning
Issued,
1st wave arrival Time ______ at ___________.
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 1 of 13
(RED)
[ ] A. Open Incident Journal and record all information received concerning
the incident, and confirm details with the source, if necessary.
(Location: EM2000 Live - Incident Recorder)
(BLUE)
[ ] B. Notify Vice Director. If unable to contact, notify Director. NOTE: If
unable to contact Vice Director, and Director, contact DAG.
Yes / No / _______ Recommend/Confirm 1st Statewide siren sounding time for
1st wave arrival.
Time ______/By ______
Yes / No / _______ Recommend/Request his guidance on school closures
and State Worker release.
Time ______/By ______
Yes / No / _______ Recommend/Request his guidance on Audio/Video broadcasts.
Time ______/By ______
Yes / No / _______ Verify that Vice Director will inform Director and Governor of
situation.
Time ______/By ______
Yes / No / _______ Obtain Vice Director’s approval to notify CAP of possible
Tsunami threat.
Time ______/By ______
(GREEN)
[ ] C. Call Team Leader, if unable, call alternate leader that SCD is activating
the recall system and call lists. Note: This step is critical when activation is
required during duty hours.
Time ______/By______
(RED)
[ ] D. Confirm via HAWAS County Civil Defense Agencies are aware of the
possible Tsunami generation. If no response contact CD Administrator via
normal phone lines.
[ ] Kauai
[ ] Oahu [ ] Maui [ ] Hawaii
[ ] Set up Siren warning coordination conference time at 1st wave
arrival minus 3.5 hours.
Time ______/By ______
(GREEN)
[ ] E. Contact/verify PIO release with Team Leader and Telecom to prepare
audio broadcast (script/hardware).
Time ______/By ______
(BLUE)
[ ] F. Notify Civil Air Patrol (CAP) of possible threat of Tsunami. (NOTE:
Stress NOT an approval for flight. Preparation only)
Time ______/By ______
(BLUE)
[ ] G. Contact following to advise them of a possible Tsunami generation:
1. EAS Announcer.
2. JTF-HD Operations Center.
3. USPACOM Command Center, Camp H. M. Smith.
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 2 of 13
4. FEMA Pacific Area Office.
[ ] H. Prepare video brief for broadcast. Obtain Vice Director’s or Team Leader’s
Approval to broadcast video brief.
Time ______/By ______
Video Slides - (J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Video Crawlers & Slides\ )
Crawlers (Video room \Computer A\Codi Pro Program )
NOTE: Confirm coordination with cable access providers for broadcast
completed by Telecomm.
[ ] I. Post EOC display boards with first wave arrival times, significant weather
information, field station readings, and any other critical items.
(GREEN)
[ ] J. Verify with “B” Team Leader completion of:
[ ] Telephone Notification/Recall System
Time ______/By ______
Call List #1 ________ Call List #2 ________ Call List #3 __________
[ ] Individuals not contacted:
________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(GREEN)
[ ] K. Obtain status of school evacuation & closure policy from Team Leader.
If status not available contact Department of Education Representative.
Time ______/By _____
(GREEN)
[ ] L. Obtain status of State Worker Evacuation policy from Team Leader. If
status not available contact Department of Human Resources
Development Director. If unable, contact HRD Deputy.
Time _____/By ______
(GREEN)
[ ] M. Obtain status of Federal Worker Evacuation Policy. Contact Federal
Executive Board Representative
Time _____/By ______
[ ] N. CONFIRM ANNEX B (EOC Activation Checklist) COMPLETED.
Time _____/By ______
[ ] O. Prepare for Audio Transmissions. NOTE: A 15-minute countdown with
Radio/TV stations prior to an actual broadcast MUST be initiated.
[ ] Audio
[ ] Confirm Audio Booths open.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] Confirm Audio Equipment turned on.
Time ______/By ______
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 3 of 13
[ ] Confirm Audio script prepared.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] Vice Director’s approval to Broadcast.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] Announcer is present.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] Confirm countdown is coordinated
Time ______/By ______
[ ] Video
[ ] Update video brief (Power Point).
Time ______/By ______
[ ] Vice Director’s approval to broadcast.
Time ______/By ______
NOTE: The first siren sounding (1ST wave arrival time minus 3 hours) will be accomplished
simultaneously statewide. Time permitting and with proper coordination, sirens may be
sounded earlier than 3 hours before 1st wave arrival. Subsequent siren soundings may be
accomplished by individual counties based on wave arrival estimates for each county /
island.
(RED)
[ ] P. Coordinate via HAWAS Initial Siren Sounding with all County Civil
Defense
Administrators. (1st Wave arrival minus 3 hours)
(Time__________).
Time ______/By ______
ELAPSED EOC ACTIVATION TIME STANDARD TO THIS POINT IN
CHECKLIST IS 30 MINUTES
[ ] Q. If a Tsunami Watch / Warning cancellation is received go to section VII.
IV. ACTIONS REQUIRED ON CONFIRMATION OF TSUNAMI (WARNING)
(RED)
[ ] A. Determine time/height of high tide for islands.______________________.
(Location: PDC Home Page/Tide Information & Tide Gauge Data) or the
posted Tide Calendar.
Check Surf conditions for islands.
__________________________________.
(Location: PDC Home Page/Today’s Weather/Marine Info/Surf
Observations & Forecasts). Post information on Boards.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] B. Confirm via HAWAS the timing for sounding the Civil Defense sirens, and the
initial State EAS announcement with County Civil Defense Administrators.
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 4 of 13
(Note: Civil Defense sirens will be sounded a minimum of four times prior to arrival of the 1st
wave.)
Once when first wave ETA is three hours
(Time ___________).
Again when ETA is two hours
(Time ___________).
Again when ETA is one hour
(Time ___________).
And finally when ETA is one-half hour
(Time ___________).
REMINDER: DURING SIREN SOUNDING TELEPHONE LINES WILL BE
UNUSABLE FOR APPROXIMATELY 15 MINUTES.
(BLUE)
[ ] C. Notify Vice Director.
If unable to contact, notify Director.
NOTE: If unable to contact Vice-Director, and Director, contact DAG.
Time ______/By ______
(BLUE)
[ ] D. Notify Civil Air Patrol (CAP). Advise them to launch with mission
number (Obtain # from Plans & Ops)
Time ______/By ______
[ ] E. Prepare initial Status Report and Briefing for Governor/Director.
(J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Correspondence\ )
(J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Briefings\
) Time ______/By ______
[ ] F. UPDATE NOTIFIER MESSAGE AS NECESSARY.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] G. Team Leader considers authorizing on duty EOC staff to make one
short personal phone call to inform family of impending siren sounding.
(RED)
[ ] H. CONFIRM with TELECOM, that the Joint Military Disaster
Communications Net is activated.
Time ______/By ______
(RED)
[ ] I.
(RED)
[ ] J. Monitor / CONFIRM with TELECOM, all Counties for 2nd, 3rd, and 4th
siren sounding of the 1st wave’s arrival.
CONFIRM all State Civil Defense Coordinators ARE AWARE of the
Tsunami WARNING.
Time ______/By ______
(2nd sounding Kauai _____, Oahu ____, Maui ____, Hawaii ____)
(3rd sounding Kauai _____, Oahu ____, Maui ____, Hawaii ____)
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 5 of 13
(4th sounding Kauai _____, Oahu ____, Maui ____, Hawaii ____)
[ ] K. Poll State Civil Defense Coordinators following 2nd siren sounding for
status update or problems incurred.
Time ______/By ______
(GREEN)
[ ] L. If a Tsunami Watch/Warning cancellation is received go to section VII. If
not, continue.
V. RESPONSE ACTIONS (Wave Arrival Through Tsunami Warning Cancellation)
AGENCY
LAW
ENFORC
SEARCH & RESCUE
SEARCH/
RECON
RESCUE
MARITIME
RESCUE
LAND
DOH/HAH
USCG/JRCC
X
X
X
DOT-AIRPORTS
ACTIVATE
SERT
MEDICAL
PREP
TO
RESPOND
TO
X
X
SHELTER
X
X
X
DOT/HARBORS
X
HING
X
DLNR
X
CAP
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
DAGS
X
JTF - HD
X
HI US&R TF
X
ARC
X
X
X
X
X
DOE
X
X
DHS
X
HTA
X
DoAgri
PSD
GOV’S
PROC
X
X
X
X
AG
X
Call following agencies for assistance (see response matrix above):
[ ] A. Call DOH/HAH. Be prepared to respond to medical emergencies. Be prepared to
respond to SERT activation.
Time______/By_____
[ ] B. Call USCG/Joint Rescue Coordination Center. Be prepared to conduct search and
rescue on land and sea. Be prepared to assist with law enforcement in maritime
areas.
Time______/By_____
[ ] C. Call DOT-AIRPORTS.
Request DOT-AIRPORTS contact FAA to close affected airports and restrict
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 6 of 13
airspace. Request immediate status of airports in Hilo, Keahole-Kona, and Kahului.
Time______/By_____
[ ] D. Call DOT/Harbors. Be prepared to conduct maritime search and rescue in Harbors.
Be prepared to provide law enforcement for Harbors areas.
Time______/By_____
[ ] E. Call HING. Be prepared to assist with land search and rescue. Be prepared to
assist with law enforcement
Time______/By_____
[ ] F. Call DLNR.
Be prepared to conduct search, reconnaissance and rescue on land.
Be prepared to provide law enforcement when requested.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation.
Time______/By_____
[ ] G. Call CAP.
Be prepared to conduct search and reconnaissance.
Time______/By_____
[ ] H. Call DAGS.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and provide a SERT meeting place.
Time______/By_____
[ ] I. Call JTF-HD USARPAC (DSCA).
Be prepared to assist with reconnaissance, search and rescue on land and sea.
Be prepared to assist with medical response.
Time______/By_____
[ ] J. Call US&R Task Force.
Be prepared to activate the Hawaii US&R Task Force Phone Tree.
Time______/By_____
[ ] K. Call ARC.
Be prepared to assist with damage assessment and shelter management.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation.
Time______/By_____
[ ] L. Call DOE.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and assist with shelters.
Request immediate status of schools in affected areas.
Time______/By_____
[ ] M. Call DHS.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation.
Time______/By_____
[ ] N. Call Governor’s Tourism Liaison. Be prepared to assist with the sheltering of
tourists.
Time______/By_____
[ ] O. Call DAgri. Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and assist with shelter
feeding.
Time______/By_____
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 7 of 13
[ ] P. Call PSD. Be prepared to assist with reconnaissance and law enforcement.
Time______/By_____
[ ] Q. Call USDA/FSA.
Time______/By_____
Be prepared to convene the State Emergency Board and Food Advisory Council.
[ ] R. Verify with “B” Team Leader completion of:
Time _____/By _____
[ ] Telephone Notification/Recall.
Call List #1 ________ Call List #2 ________ Call List #3 __________
[ ]
Individuals not contacted:
_________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Time______/By_____
[ ] S. Call AG.
Be prepared to assist with drafting the Governor’s Proclamation.
Time______/By_____
VI. RESPONSE AND RECOVERY ACTIONS (Tsunami Warning Cancellation Through “ALL
CLEAR”)
Rapid Needs Assessment
[ ] A. Request PERDISREPS from State and County agencies. Damage information will
help to determine RNA actions. Information entered into EM2000.
Time______/By_____
[ ] B. Verify with Vice Director composition, number and deployment plans for Rapid
Needs
Assessment teams (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell). Determination will be
based on severity of damages initially reported or expected in each County and
population of affected areas.
Time______/By_____
[ ] C. RNA teams prepare for deployment:
_____
Logistics (Equipment, travel arrangements, resource materials)
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 8 of 13
_____
Coordinate with County Civil Defense Agencies
_____
Coordinate with National Guard (Staff support for
RNA teams, and transportation)
_____
Coordinate with State Agencies (DOT, DAGS, DOE)
Time_____/By_____
[ ] D. Control Point staff assists RNA teams to coordinate support required for
assessment.
(National Guard, State agencies – DOT, DAGS, DOE)
Time_____/By____
[ ] E. Notify Federal Agencies
_____ Mobile Emergency Response Support (MERS) Operations Center
(MOC)
_____ Federal Emergency Management Agency PAO
Time______/By_____
[ ] F. Activate the State Emergency Response Team upon the Director or Vice Director’s
approval (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell).
[ ] G. Request HING augmentation to the State EOC
Time______/By_____
Time______/By_____
[ ] H. Ensure State EOC maintains liaison with CAP, National Guard, and other agencies
with an aerial observation and monitoring capability (Note: May be necessary
for evacuation management and/or damage assessment.)
Time______/By_____
[ ] I. Monitor 14th Coast Guard District’s search efforts.
Time______/By_____
[ ] J. Establish time and procedures for a press conference.
Prepare to establish a Joint Information Center.
Time______/By_____
[ ] K. Contact EOC volunteers to determine availability for duty.
(Building Safety Inspections for occupancy.)
Time______/By_____
[ ] L. Report RNA results to Vice Director.
(Information received from RNA teams)
Time______/By_____
[ ] M. Coordinate Emergency Needs.
_____
(Information received from RNA teams)
Coordinate with FEMA
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 9 of 13
_____
Coordinate with SERT
_____
Coordinate with Red Cross
_____
Coordinate with VOAD
_____
Arrange staging sites and transportation with
National Guard
_____
Arrange distribution sites with
County Civil Defense agencies
Time______/By_____
[ ] N. Evaluate damage reports, confer with County Civil Defense agencies and FEMA to
determine if a joint Preliminary Damage Assessment should be conducted.
Time______/By_____
[ ] O. Confer with County Civil Defense Agencies to determine need and location for
Disaster Assistance and Recovery Centers (DARCs).
_____
Get approval for DARC management plan from the Vice Director.
_____
Coordinate with county civil defense agencies the locations
for DARC.
_____
Coordinate DARC set-up by SCD team
_____
Coordinate with State Agencies
(Dept. of Health, Dept. of Taxation, Dept. of Labor and
Industrial Relations, Dept. of Business, Economic
Development and Tourism, Dept. of Agriculture, Dept. of
Human Services, Dept. of Commerce and Consumer Affairs.)
_____
Coordinate with Federal Agencies (as appropriate)
FEMA, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, U.S. Small Business
Agency (SBA)
Time______/By_____
[ ] P. Prepare briefing for Governor on RNA information.
Time______/By_____
[ ] Q. Prepare press releases.
Time______/By_____
Preliminary Damage Assessment
[ ] R. Verify with Vice Director actions for joint PDA to be
completed: (based on areas to inspect)
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 10 of 13
_____
Number of teams
_____
Team compositions for Hazard Mitigation, Individual
Assistance, Public Assistance
_____
Support from Federal/State Agencies
– SBA, DOT, DAGS, DOE
Time______/By_____
[ ] S. Coordinate the conduct of joint PDAs:
_____
FEMA and County Civil Defense agencies
_____
Coordinate operating site for joint PDA teams
_____
Select areas to be inspected
_____
State agencies to support PDAs – DOT, DOE, DAGS
_____
Federal agencies – SBA
Time______/By_____
[ ] T. Coordinate transportation with National Guard for joint
Preliminary Damage Assessments.
Time______/By_____
[ ] U. Coordinate receipt of County Emergency Proclamations.
Time______/By_____
[ ] V. Receive results from JPDA and report to Vice Director.
Time______/By_____
[ ] W. Coordinate preparation of Draft copy of Governor’s Proclamation for Vice Director
using information from PDA. (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell/AG CDC)
Time______/By_____
[ ] X. Coordinate with the Attorney General CDC preparation of Draft letter to the
President via FEMA Region IX requesting an Emergency Declaration for Director
and Vice Director. (J:\EMERGENCY\HURRICANE\ ) (Coordination with ESF #5
Planning Cell)
Time______/By_____
[ ] Y. Team Leader to submit summary of “Requests For Assistance” (RFA) to
Administrative
Officer after shift changeover.
Time______/By_____
VII. ACTIONS REQUIRED ON CANCELLATION OF TSUNAMI WATCH/WARNING
Cancellation of a Tsunami watch or warning must be communicated to all County, State,
Federal departments and agencies as well as the public.
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 11 of 13
[ ] A. Note time PTWC cancels the Tsunami Watch/Warning for the State of Hawaii.
Time _____/By _____
[ ] B. If cancellation occurs before first wave arrival time, NOTIFY the following:
1.
Vice Director. If unable to contact, notify Director.
NOTE: If unable to contact Vice Director, and Director,
contact DAG.
Time _____/By _____
2.
Call Team Leader. She will notify all
on Recall Roster who have not reported to the EOC and the CD
Coordinators.
Time _____/By _____
3.
EAS Announcer.
Time _____/By _____
4.
JTF-HD Operations Center.
Time _____/By _____
5.
USPACOM Command Center, Camp H. M. Smith.
Time _____/By _____
6.
FEMA Pacific Area Office.
7.
Department of Education Representative.
Time _____/By _____
8.
Department of Human Resources Development Director. If
unable, contact DHRD Deputy Janice Kemp.
Time _____/By _____
9.
Federal Executive Board Representative.
Time _____/By _____
10.
Team leader for Public Information announcements and
Telecom to prepare for the audio broadcast.
Time _____/By_____
11.
Prepare video crawler for broadcast. Obtain Vice
Director’s Approval to broadcast.
Time _____/By _____
12.
Civil Air Patrol (CAP).
Time _____/By _____
13.
Tsunami Advisor(s).
Time _____/By _____
Time _____/By _____
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 12 of 13
14. HING EOC.
Time _____/By ____
[ ] C. When PTWC issues a watch/warning cancellation, SCD will coordinate an “ALL
CLEAR” announcement with each county Civil Defense Agency. (Ensure all
Counties are in receipt of PTWC cancellation).
Time “All Clear” announced ______________.
(Each County Administrator will initiate “All Clear” EBS / EAS transmission for their
County.)
[ ] D. If appropriate, deactivate the EOC. Complete Section VII of this checklist.
Time _____/By _____
VIII. DEACTIVATION CHECKLIST
[ ] A. Complete the EOC Deactivation Checklist (Annex C).
Time_____/By______
[ ] B. Complete the Incident Journal
Time_____/By______
_______________________________
APPROVED BY
______________________
DATE
Annex E (Distant Tsunami Checklist) 3-3-05 Final.doc, Page 13 of 13
TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE:
HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR LOCALLY GENERATED
TSUNAMI AND EARTHQUAKE
I.
PURPOSE:
To provide procedural guidance for SCD staff in responding to a Pacific
Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issued URGENT TSUNAMI
WARNING or Local Tsunami Information Bulletin due to an earthquake
in the Hawaiian Islands.
II.
GENERAL:
A. A locally generated tsunami can occur at any time in the Hawaiian
Islands. Arrival of damaging tsunami waves from the time of the
seismic event can occur almost immediately and up to sixty minutes
depending upon distance from the epicenter. A local tsunami will most
likely originate from a Big Island coastal earthquake or coastal
landslide.
B. PTWC will issue an URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING under the
following conditions in the Hawaiian Islands: 1) An earthquake occurs
greater than a preliminary 6.8 magnitude or 2) coastal tide stations and
recorders detect tsunami waves. The PTWC notifies the National
Weather Service (NWS), which initiates the URGENT TSUNAMI
WARNING Emergency Alert System (EAS) Message. Additionally,
PTWC, via HAWAS, contacts County Warning Points (CWPs), which
activate their County Siren Systems as designated. These actions are
taken immediately regardless of the time of day since the danger of
initial run up of the tsunami is imminent.
C. In the event of a seismic ground-shaking event with NO expected
tsunami generation, PTWC will issue a Local Tsunami Information
Bulletin.
D. The media is simultaneously receiving information on the event via
NOAA Weather Wire and NOAA Weather Radio.
III.
FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
A. SCD staff receiving a PTWC URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING via pager
or cell phone for any location within the State of Hawaii (whether
accompanied by siren sounding or not) will immediately and as safely
as possible report to the Emergency Operating Center (EOC) in
1
Diamond Head Crater. If unable to SAFELY respond to the EOC,
proceed to an alternate location. These locations could include Oahu
Civil Defense Agency (OCDA), the Hawaii Regional Air Operations
Control Center (HIRAOCC), Wheeler Army Airfield, or a National Guard
Armory. SCD staff that are unable to respond to EOC should
communicate their alternate location to the EOC.
B. SCD Staff will use discretion during off duty hours. If an SCD Staff
member is with family and within close proximity to the EOC, proceed
to EOC with the family.
C. As a minimum, SCD staff should be aware as to whether primarydriving routes from residence to EOC traverse published tsunami
evacuation maps in the front of the telephone book.
IV.
OPERATIONS:
A. Upon receipt of a 1) URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING, or 2) Local
Tsunami Information Bulletin with strong earthquake magnitude 6.0 or
greater, Crisis Action Team (CAT) A personnel will activate the EOC
Control Point during duty hours. CAT B personnel will fill vacant CAT A
positions. During non-duty hours, all SCD personnel are directed to
immediately proceed to the EOC as rapidly and safely as possible.
B. When directed, the Initial Response Team (IRT) will report to the EOC
upon receipt of a Local Tsunami Information Bulletin with moderate
earthquake magnitude 5.5 – 5.9 to assess earthquake ground-shaking
effects.
C. The B Team Leader has the responsibility for telephonic notification of
the Civil Defense coordinators for State agencies. Civil Defense
Coordinators are to be reminded to submit PERDISREP two hours
following an urgent local tsunami warning event or seismic groundshaking event.
D. Based on availability of SCD personnel, CAT A and CAT B Team
Leaders will reconstitute teams as appropriate for continuous manning
of the EOC.
E. SCD Staff members are reminded that Ruger security should be
contacted to leave the gates unlocked for arriving personnel.
V.
ADMINISTRATION AND SUPPORT:
A. The Plans and Operations Branch is responsible for maintaining a copy
of the SOP in the Control Point SOP Operations Manual. Persons
assigned to SCD should be provided an email copy.
B. Branch Chiefs and supervisors will ensure employees are familiar with
the SOP.
2
C. The Training, Education and Information (TEI) Branch will support
training needs for all employees.
D. Recommendations for additions, deletions or modifications to the SOP
will be submitted through Branch Chiefs to Plans and Operations.
E. Branch Chiefs will report to Plans and Operations any changes in
equipment or procedures or status of equipment that might affect
procedures for executing this SOP.
APPROVED: __________________________
3
DATE: ____________
TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE:
HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE
ANNEX D: LOCALLY GENERATED TSUNAMI RESPONSE CHECKLIST
I. PURPOSE To provide procedural guidance and action steps to be followed in responding to a
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issued URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING due to a local
seismic event.
II.
GENERAL Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) will issue an URGENT TSUNAMI
Warning under the following conditions in the Hawaiian Islands: 1) An earthquake occurs greater
than a preliminary 6.8 magnitude near the coastline or 2) coastal tide stations and recorders detect
tsunami waves. The PTWC notifies the National Weather Service (NWS), which initiates the
URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING Emergency Alert System (EAS) Message. Additionally, PTWC, via
HAWAS, contacts County Warning Points (CWPs), which activate their County Siren Systems as
appropriate. These actions are taken immediately regardless of the time of day since the danger of
initial run up of the tsunami is imminent.
III.
IMMEDIATE OUTSIDE AGENCY ACTIONS
[ ] A. PTWC issues via HAWAS, an URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING due to a local seismic
event as well as a text message of the event.
[ ] B. NWS INITIATES EAS message for a Local URGENT TSUNAMI Warning. NWS will
REPEAT transmitting the EAS message for URGENT TSUNAMI every FIVE minutes until
cancellation of the URGENT TSUNAMI Warning.
[ ] C. Upon receipt of HAWAS message, designated County Warning Points in Tsunami Warning
areas sound sirens immediately. Sirens will initially sound for a continuous 3-minute period.
Counties have the option of repeating the siren sounding pattern.
[ ] D. County Civil Defense will use their “Live Broadcast” capability to provide amplifying
information to their county as desired.
[ ] E. Television and Radio stations will rebroadcast the EAS message for URGENT TSUNAMI
Warning when received until the warning is cancelled.
IV.
ACTIONS REQUIRED ON INITIAL NOTIFICATION
[ ] A. Verify, via HAWAS, that sirens were sounded on affected counties.
(Hawaii _____, Maui ____, Oahu ____, Kauai _____)
Time ______/By ______
5/7/04
PAGE 1 of 7
[ ] B. Verify activation via TELECOMM of the EAS by the NWS, insure proper message is being
broadcasted.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] C. Notify Vice Director. If unable to contact, notify Director.
Yes / No / _______ Verify that Vice Director will inform Director and Governor of situation.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] D. Activate the EOC. Complete Annex B.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] E. Create via EM2000 an Incident and record in Message Tracker all information received
concerning the incident, and confirm details with the source. Time ______/By ______
[ ] F. Call “B” team Leader. Verify “B” Team is activating the recall system & call lists. Note:
Request initial PERDISREPS at earthquake origin time plus two hours. Time ___/By ____
[ ] G. Confirm via HAWAS County Civil Defense Agencies are aware of the possible
Tsunami generation. If no response contact the CD Administrator via normal phone
lines. Request PERDISREPS at earthquake origin time, plus two hours.
[ ] Hawaii [ ] Maui [ ] Oahu
[ ] Kauai
Time ______/By ______
[ ] H. Contact the following to advise them of a possible Tsunami generation:
[ ] 1. United States Army Pacific (USARPAC) if unable, contact USAG-HI - Duty
Officer.
[ ] 2. USPACOM Command Center, Camp H. M. Smith.
[ ] 3. FEMA Pacific Area Office.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] I. Request the Pacific Disaster Center run and post the HAZUS (Hazards U.S.) Earthquake
Loss Estimation Model on the PDC web site to provide preliminary damage estimate
including graphics presentation.
Time ______/By ______
[ ] J. CONFIRM ANNEX B (EOC Activation Checklist) COMPLETED. Time ______/By ______
[ ] K. Prepare initial Status Report & Briefing for Governor/Director.
(J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Correspondence\ )
(J:\EMERGENCY\Tsunami\Briefings\
)
Time ______/By ______
[ ] L. If a Tsunami Warning cancellation is received go to section VII, if not, continue.
V.
RESPONSE
AGENCY
LAW
ENFORC
SEARCH & RESCUE
SEARCH/
RECON
RESCUE
MARITIME
RESCUE
LAND
X
X
X
DOH/HAH
USCG/JRCC
ACTIVATE
SERT
MEDICAL
PREP
TO
RESPOND
TO
X
X
SHELTER
GOV’S
PROC
X
X
5/7/04
PAGE 2 of 7
DOT-AIRPORTS
X
DOT/HARBORS
X
HING
X
DLNR
X
CAP
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
DAGS
X
USARPAC(MSCA)
X
HI US&R TF
X
ARC
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
DOE
X
X
DHS
X
HTA
X
Dagri
PSD
X
X
X
X
AG
X
Call following agencies for assistance (see response matrix above):
[ ] A. Call DOH/HAH. Be prepared to respond to medical emergencies.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation.
Time_______/By______
[ ] B. Call USCG/Joint Rescue Coordination Center.
Be prepared to conduct search and rescue on land and sea.
Be prepared to assist with law enforcement in maritime areas. Time_______/By______
[ ] C. Call DOT-AIRPORTS.
Time_______/By______
Request DOT-AIRPORTS contact FAA to close affected airports and restrict airspace.
Request immediate status of airports in Hilo, Keahole-Kona, and Kahului.
[ ] D. Call DOT/Harbors.
Be prepared to conduct maritime search and rescue in Harbors.
Be prepared to provide law enforcement for Harbors areas. Time_______/By______
[ ] E. Call HING.
Be prepared to assist with land search and rescue.
Be prepared to assist with law enforcement.
Time_______/By______
[ ] F. Call DLNR.
Be prepared to conduct search, reconnaissance and rescue on land.
Be prepared to provide law enforcement when requested.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation.
Time_______/By______
[ ] G. Call CAP.
Be prepared to conduct search and reconnaissance.
Time_______/By______
[ ] H. Call DAGS.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and provide a SERT meeting place.
Time_______/By______
5/7/04
PAGE 3 of 7
[ ] I.
Call USARPAC.
Be prepared to assist with reconnaissance, search and rescue on land and sea.
Be prepared to assist with medical response.
Time_______/By______
[ ] J. Call US&R Task Force.
Be prepared to activate the Hawaii US&R Task Force Phone Tree.
Time_______/By______
[ ] K. Call ARC.
Be prepared to assist with damage assessment and shelter management.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation.
Time_______/By______
[ ] L. Call DOE.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and assist with shelters.
Request immediate status of schools in affected areas.
Time_______/By______
[ ] M. Call DHS.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation.
[ ] N. Call Governor’s Tourism Liaison.
Be prepared to assist with the sheltering of tourists.
Time_______/By______
Time_______/By______
[ ] O. Call DAgri.
Be prepared to respond to SERT activation and assist with shelter feeding.
Time_______/By______
[ ] P. Call PSD.
Be prepared to assist with reconnaissance and law enforcement.
Time_______/By______
[ ] Q. Call USDA/FSA.
Be prepared to convene the State Emergency Board and Food Advisory Council.
[ ] R. Verify with “B” Team Leader completion of:
Time ______/By ______
[ ] Telephone Notification/Recall.
Call List #1 ________ Call List #2 ________ Call List #3 __________
[ ] Individuals not contacted: _________________________________
______________________________________________ Time_______/By______
[ ] S. Call AG.
Be prepared to assist with drafting the Governor’s Proclamation.
Time_______/By______
VI.
RECOVERY
Rapid Needs Assessment
[ ] A. Review PERDISREPS from State and County agencies. Damage information will help
determine RNA actions. Information entered into EM2000. Time_______/By______
[ ] B. Verify with Vice Director composition, number and deployment plans for Rapid Needs
Assessment teams (Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell). Determination will be
5/7/04
PAGE 4 of 7
based on severity of damages initially reported or expected in each County and
population of affected areas.
Time_______/By______
[ ] C. RNA teams prepare for deployment:
_____Logistics (Equipment, travel arrangements, resource
materials)
_____Coordinate with County Civil Defense Agencies
_____Coordinate with National Guard (Staff support for
RNA teams, and transportation)
_____Coordinate with State Agencies (DOT, DAGS, DOE) Time_______/By______
[ ] D. Control Point staff assist RNA teams to coordinate support
required for assessment. (National Guard, State agencies – DOT,
DAGS, DOE)
Time_______/By______
[ ] E. Notify Federal Agencies
_____ Mobile Emergency Response Support (MERS) Operations
Center (MOC)
_____ Federal Emergency Management Agency PAO
Time_______/By______
[ ] F. Activate the State Emergency Response Team upon the Director or Vice Director’s
approval(Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell).
Time_______/By______
[ ] G. Request HING augmentation to the State EOC.
Time______/By_______
[ ] H. Ensure State EOC maintains liaison with CAP, National Guard, and other agencies with
an aerial observation and monitoring capability (Note: May be necessary for evacuation
management and/or damage assessment.)
Time_______/By______
[ ] I. Monitor 14th Coast Guard District’s search efforts.
Time_______/By______
[ ] J. Establish time and procedures for a press conference. Prepare to establish a Joint
Information Center.
Time_______/By______
[ ] K. Contact EOC volunteers to determine availability for duty.
(Building Safety Inspections for occupancy.)
Time______/By_______
[ ] L. Report RNA results to Vice Director.
(Information received from RNA teams)
Time_______/By______
[ ] M. Coordinate Emergency Needs.
(Information received from RNA teams)
_____ Coordinate with FEMA
_____Coordinate with SERT
_____Coordinate with Red Cross
5/7/04
PAGE 5 of 7
_____Coordinate with VOAD
_____Arrange staging sites and transportation with
National Guard
_____Arrange distribution sites with County Civil Defense
agencies
Time_______/By______
[ ] N. Evaluate damage reports, confer with County Civil Defense Agencies and FEMA to
determine if a joint Preliminary Damage Assessment should be conducted.
Time_______/By______
[ ] O. Confer with County Civil Defense Agencies to determine need and location for Disaster
Assistance and Recovery Centers (DARCs).
_____ Get approval for DARC management plan from the Vice Director.
_____Coordinate with County Civil Defense Agencies the locations
for DARC.
_____Coordinate DARC set-up by SCD team
_____Coordinate with State Agencies
(Dept.of Health, Dept. of Taxation, Dept. of Labor and
Industrial Relations, Dept. of Business, Economic
Development and Tourism, Dept. of Agriculture, Dept. of
Human Services, Dept. of Commerce and Consumer Affairs.)
_____Coordinate with Federal Agencies (as appropriate)
FEMA, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, U.S. Small Business
Agency (SBA)
Time_______/By______
[ ] P. Prepare briefing for Governor on RNA information.
Time_______/By______
[ ] Q. Prepare press releases.
Time_______/By______
Preliminary Damage Assessment
[ ] R. Verify with Vice Director actions for joint PDA to be
completed: (based on areas to inspect)
_____Number of teams
_____ Team compositions for Hazard Mitigation, Individual
Assistance, Public Assistance
_____ Support from Federal/State Agencies – SBA, DOT, DAGS, DOE
Time_______/By______
[ ] S. Coordinate the conduct of joint PDAs:
_____FEMA and County Civil Defense agencies
_____Coordinate operating site for joint PDA teams
_____Select areas to be inspected
_____State agencies to support PDAs – DOT, DOE, DAGS
_____Federal agencies – SBA
Time_______/By_____
5/7/04
PAGE 6 of 7
[ ] T. Coordinate transportation with National Guard for joint Preliminary Damage
Assessments.
Time_______/By______
[ ] U. Coordinate receipt of County Emergency Proclamations.
Time_______/By_____
[ ] V. Receive results from JPDA and report to Vice Director.
Time_______/By_____
[ ] W. Coordinate preparation of Draft copy of Governor’s Proclamation
for Vice Director using information from PDA.
(Coordination with ESF #5 Planning Cell/AG CDC)
Time_______/By)_____
[ ] X. Coordinate with the Attorney General CDC preparation of Draft letter to the President
via FEMA Region IX requesting an Emergency Declaration for Director and Vice
Director. (J:\EMERGENCY\HURRICANE\
) )(Coordination with ESF #5 Planning
Cell)
Time_______/By_____
[ ] Y. Team Leader to submit summary of “Requests For Assistance” (RFA) to Administrative
Officer after shift changeover.
Time ______/By _____
VII.
EOC DEACTIVATION
[ ] A. Complete the EOC Deactivation Checklist
(Annex C).
Time ______/By _____
[ ] B. Complete the Incident Journal.
Time ______/By _____
APPROVED BY
DATE
5/7/04
PAGE 7 of 7
TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE SOP EXAMPLE:
HAWAII STATE CIVIL DEFENSE
HAWAII URGENT LOCAL TSUNAMI WARNING
EAS BROADCAST SCRIPT
THE PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER HAS ISSUED AN
URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING FOR (select one):
[ ] THE ISLANDS OF HAWAII, MAUI, MOLOKAI, LANAI and
KAHOOLAWE ONLY
[ ]
-Or-
(All ISLANDS in the State of Hawaii) - Or –
[ ] THE ISLANDS OF (fill in the blanks) _____, _____, _____, ______
A LOCAL TSUNAMI HAS BEEN GENERATED. IMMEDIATELY
EVACUATE ALL BEACHES AND ALL LOW LYING COASTAL AREAS.
MOVE INLAND TO HIGHER GROUND OR MOVE TO THE 3RD FLOOR
AND ABOVE IN STEEL AND CONCRETE BUILDINGS.
I Repeat, THE PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER HAS ISSUED
AN URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING FOR (select one):
[ ] THE ISLANDS OF HAWAII, MAUI, MOLOKAI, LANAI and
KAHOOLAWE ONLY -Or[ ]
(All ISLANDS in the State of Hawaii) - Or –
[ ] THE ISLANDS OF (fill in the blanks) ____, _____, _____ , ______
A LOCAL TSUNAMI HAS BEEN GENERATED. IMMEDIATELY
EVACUATE ALL BEACHES AND ALL LOW LYING COASTAL AREAS.
MOVE INLAND TO HIGHER GROUND OR MOVE TO THE 3RD FLOOR
AND ABOVE IN STEEL AND CONCRETE BUILDINGS.
STAY TUNED TO YOUR RADIO FOR FURTHER CIVIL DEFENSE
ADVISORIES AND INSTRUCTIONS.
-END-
I repeat…… (go to top of script).
(SCD: 7/02/04)
Annex T - Appendix 2
TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING
Table of Contents
I.
PURPOSE .............................................................................. 1
II.
DEFINITIONS......................................................................... 1
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
1.
2.
J.
K.
L.
TSUNAMI ............................................................................................................. 1
PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM ............................................................ 1
EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE .............................................................................. 1
STATE WAVE ARRIVAL TIME (SWAT) ............................................................... 1
EVACUATION LINE ............................................................................................. 1
MAXIMUM EXPECTABLE INUNDATION ............................................................ 1
TSUNAMI WAVE RUN-UP ................................................................................... 1
POPULATION AT RISK ....................................................................................... 1
TSUNAMI EVACUATION ..................................................................................... 1
Vertical Evacuation............................................................................................... 1
Horizontal Evacuation........................................................................................... 1
PUBLIC EVACUATION SHELTERS/REFUGE AREAS ....................................... 2
ALL CLEAR .......................................................................................................... 2
CIVIL DEFENSE DISTRICTS............................................................................... 3
III. PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER (PTWC)
BULLETINS................................................................................... 3
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETIN ......................................................................... 3
URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETIN ......................................................... 3
TSUNAMI WATCH BULLETIN ............................................................................. 3
EARTHQUAKE ADVISORY ................................................................................. 4
TSUNAMI WARNING/WATCH BULLETIN ........................................................... 4
TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN ................................................................. 4
CANCELLATION BULLETINS.............................................................................. 4
IV. SITUATION AND ASSUMPTIONS ........................................ 4
A.
B.
SITUATION .......................................................................................................... 4
ASSUMPTIONS ................................................................................................... 5
V. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS ............................................... 7
A.
B.
URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING ........................................................................... 7
DISTANT EARTHQUAKE .................................................................................... 7
1. Tsunami Watch..................................................................................................... 8
2. Tsunami Warning ................................................................................................. 8
C. TSUNAMI WARNING CANCELLATION............................................................... 8
D. OTHER EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION ............................................................. 8
VI. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES......................................... 8
A.
DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (DEM) ................................. 8
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CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Annex T - Appendix 2
TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING
Table of Contents
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
CIVIL DEFENSE DISTRICT VOLUNTEERS ........................................................ 9
RADIO AMATEUR CIVIL EMERGENCY SERVICE (RACES) ............................. 9
AMERICAN RED CROSS .................................................................................... 9
CIVIL AIR PATROL (CAP) ................................................................................... 9
CORPORATION COUNSEL............................................................................... 10
HONOLULU FIRE DEPARTMENT (HFD) .......................................................... 10
EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT (ESD/EMS) .................................... 10
HUMAN RESOURCES....................................................................................... 10
DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMER SERVICES (DCS) ......................................... 10
JOINT INSTITUTE FOR MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH (JIMAR) 11
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND PERMITTING .......................................... 11
PARKS AND RECREATION .............................................................................. 11
HONOLULU POLICE DEPARTMENT (HPD) ..................................................... 11
DEPARTMENT OF FACILITY MAINTENANCE (DFM) ...................................... 12
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES (DTS) ............................. 12
U.S. ARMY SUPPORT COMMAND HAWAII (USASCH) ................................... 12
U.S. COAST GUARD (USCG)............................................................................ 12
SUPPORTING STATE DEPARTMENTS ........................................................... 13
HAWAII NATIONAL GUARD .............................................................................. 13
COORDINATING AGENCIES ............................................................................ 13
VII. HAZARD SPECIFIC RESPONSE PROCEDURES.............. 13
VIII. SHELTERING ANALYSIS .................................................... 14
IX. FUNCTIONAL GUIDELINES................................................ 16
X. PLAN MAINTENANCE ......................................................... 16
XI. REFERENCES ..................................................................... 16
XII. ATTACHMENTS & TABS..................................................... 16
ATTACHMENT 1: ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................ 18
TAB A: Procedures & Forms for Determining Evacuation Timing.......................... 24
TAB B: Tsunami Information Bulletin ..................................................................... 26
TAB C: Notification during Non–Working Hour ...................................................... 28
TAB D: Notification during Working Hours ............................................................. 30
TAB E: Tsunami Evacuation Zones ....................................................................... 32
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2
TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING
I.
PURPOSE
To describe the City and County of Honolulu’s tsunami evacuation processes
and to identify public shelters, refuge areas, and recommended routes to those
shelters so that City response forces, residents and visitors can, when required,
accomplish a coordinated and timely evacuation of risk areas. This annex
supplements the basic guidance contained in the City Emergency Operations
Plan.
II.
DEFINITIONS
A.
TSUNAMI
A series of ocean waves caused by violent movement of the earth’s crust
(generally earthquakes) below or near the ocean floor. The waves
generated by such disturbances travel to Hawaii’s shorelines at very
predictable rates, i.e., from South America—12 to 15 hours; from Mexico,
Noumea, and Japan—8 hours; the U.S. West Coast, Apia, Kwajalein,
Alaska, and the Aleutians—4-1/2 to 5-1/2 hours; and for a disturbance
within Hawaiian waters—a matter of minutes.
B.
PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
Operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s
(NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS), the system is international in
scope and participation. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) at
Ewa Beach, Hawaii, is the operational center for the Tsunami Warning
System and is charged with the primary responsibility for providing
tsunami-alerting information to 34 Pacific Coastal and island nations and
territories. Additional national and regional tsunami warning systems
complement PTWC efforts and include those of France, Japan, Russia
and Chile. PTWC is the regional Tsunami Warning Center for Hawaii
while the Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (ATWC) acts for Alaska,
Canada, and the U.S. West Coast.
C.
EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE
Expressed on an open-ended numerical scale, magnitude, as defined by
C. F. Richter, is an estimate of the energy released at the epicenter of an
earthquake measured by seismic pulses or waves transmitted over the
earth’s surface and within its interior. The higher the number on the scale,
the greater the degree of damage likely to be caused. Thus, a Richter
magnitude 2 earthquake is the smallest that can be easily recognized by a
casual observer; a magnitude 4 might cause slight damage; a magnitude
6 generally generates moderate damage; and a magnitude 9.2 is the
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 1
largest earthquake recorded in the U. S., striking Prince William Sound,
Alaska; the largest recorded earthquake in the world was a magnitude 9.5
in Chile.
D.
STATE WAVE ARRIVAL TIME (SWAT)
That local time specified in PTWC Interisland Data Network (IDN)
messages that identifies the estimated impact of the first wave at the tide
gauge station of the closest of the four major Hawaiian Islands (Kauai,
Oahu, Maui or Hawaii) to the generating source. Wave arrival time for
individual islands may vary from the SWAT; however, the SWAT will be
used as the basis for all response timing.
E.
EVACUATION LINE
The inland limit of wetting, measured horizontally from the mean sea level
line.
F.
MAXIMUM EXPECTABLE INUNDATION
The inland limit of the highest expectable tsunami from any direction, at
high tide. Wetting may occur at or near the inundation limit. However,
there will be no wave action at that point and no hazard to life.
G.
TSUNAMI WAVE RUN-UP
The elevation of the ground above mean sea level that tsunami generated
waves/water will reach. This elevation is usually not equal to wave height
or inundation depth at the shoreline.
H.
POPULATION AT RISK
Those individuals who reside, attend school, work in, or are otherwise
present in the tsunami evacuation zones identified in shaded areas of the
maps in the Civil Defense section of the Oahu telephone book.
I.
TSUNAMI EVACUATION
The movement of populations at risk from identified tsunami evacuation
zones to facilities or areas, which are considered safe.
1.
Vertical Evacuation
The movement of evacuees within a tsunami evacuation zone to
the third floor or above in buildings of six or more stories, which are
constructed of steel and/or concrete.
2.
Horizontal Evacuation
The movement of evacuees outside of designated evacuation
zones. Movement can be accomplished by walking, driving, or in
some areas, utilizing designated City buses to reach safe areas or
public shelters.
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
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APPENDIX 2
PAGE 1
J.
PUBLIC EVACUATION SHELTERS/REFUGE AREAS
Specified facilities or outdoor areas in the immediate vicinity of those
facilities, serviced by American Red Cross or, in the absence of Red
Cross management capability, City teams. The shelters/refuge areas will
be initially structured to provide evacuees “safe haven” from the tsunami
hazard. Minimum requirements to activate a Red Cross or City
shelter/refuge area include a modest management staff and access to
drinking water and rest room accommodations. They do not include food,
cots, blankets, medications, or other amenities. If it is possible to utilize a
designated building as a shelter, as little as ten (10) square feet of space
can be allocated to each evacuee. The maps in the Civil Defense section
of the telephone book list the public shelters/refuge areas by island area
as well as the key roadways and intersections leading to them.
NOTE 1: Shelter/refuge areas identified in this plan were selected in
sufficient numbers and in reasonably close proximity to the evacuating
population to provide readily accessible “safe haven” and minimize, where
possible, parking difficulties. Available shelter/refuge area space for
evacuees, therefore, exceeds the estimated population at risk.
NOTE 2: It is not essential that evacuees utilize public shelters/refuge
areas for their survival. If evacuees deem vertical evacuation or travel to a
shelter/refuge area to be impractical or perhaps impossible (due to a lack
of time, heavy traffic, or other constraints), they should individually
relocate to any area outside of an evacuation zone even though cover
from the elements or other necessities are not available. Such a personal
evacuation strategy is highly recommended.
NOTE 3: Depending on both the time available to wave arrival and the
time of day, it must be recognized that Red Cross or City teams may not
be able to reach their assigned shelters/refuge areas in time to prepare
and organize them for evacuee arrival. Evacuee use of parking or open
areas in close proximity to or inland of designated shelters/refuge areas is
considered a satisfactory alternative.
K.
ALL CLEAR
That condition announced by DEM over the Emergency Broadcast System
following the cancellation of a Tsunami Warning by the PTWC. The
PTWC cancellation signifies that damaging waves are no longer a threat
to Oahu. The DEM “ALL CLEAR” announcement will be made following
initial surveys of tsunami evacuation zones by City public safety forces
and specify those zones, which are considered reasonably safe for
residents to return to.
The DEM “ALL CLEAR” does not pertain to ports, harbors, channels, and
bays around the island where strong residual currents may make entry
hazardous. The State Department of Transportation’s Harbors Division
Chief will make “ALL CLEAR” determinations and announcements over
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CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 2
marine radio frequencies for those areas and provide his decisions to
DEM for subsequent broadcast over the EBS.
L.
CIVIL DEFENSE DISTRICTS
A structuring of City Civil Defense volunteer organizations into six distinct
areas. Evacuation responsibilities, estimates of those at risk within
tsunami evacuation zones, and associated sheltering requirements are
described in terms of these individual Districts. See DEM Districts Map for
the locations of their Emergency Operating Centers (EOC).
III.
PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER (PTWC)
BULLETINS
PTWC Bulletins are the primary source of alerting information for the City. Each
bulletin, described below, generally guides actions to be taken by City response
forces.
NOTE: The City/State Warning Point will promptly advise appropriate members
of the DEM staff of all PTWC Bulletins.
A.
TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETIN
Issued when a tsunami, which would cause damage and destruction to
coastal areas in the State, has been confirmed, and evacuation is deemed
essential. Additional Warning Bulletins will be issued hourly thereafter or
sooner if necessary until the Warning is canceled.
B.
URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING BULLETIN
Issued only over HAWAS for earthquakes of 6.8 magnitude or greater
generated within or close to Hawaiian waters. Urgent evacuation of
coastal areas is required.
NOTE: Not all Islands may be affected by tsunamis generated within or
close to the Hawaiian Islands. Therefore, the Urgent Tsunami Warning
Bulletin will specify which Islands require evacuation.
C.
TSUNAMI WATCH BULLETIN
Issued only over IDN for earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 or greater (7.0 or
greater for Alaska) when tsunami wave generation cannot yet be
confirmed and wave travel time to Hawaii is estimated to be six hours or
less. A Watch will also be issued for Hawaii for earthquakes of magnitude
7.5 or greater that occur from Tokyo to Kamchatka even though wave
travel time exceeds six hours. Additional bulletins will be issued hourly
thereafter or sooner if necessary until the Watch is either upgraded to
Warning status or the Watch is canceled.
NOTE: Under Tsunami Watch conditions, if wave generation cannot be
confirmed when three hours of travel time to Hawaii remain; PTWC will
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 3
either upgrade the Tsunami Watch to a Warning or cancel the Watch.
D.
EARTHQUAKE ADVISORY
Issued to Civil Defense and the news media in Hawaii only via IDN. The
Advisory announces the occurrence of an earthquake greater than 7.5
magnitude where wave generation is possible but not yet confirmed and
estimated wave arrival time for Hawaii is greater than six hours. Upon
receipt of an Earthquake Advisory, the City/State Warning Point will
immediately notify appropriate members of the DEM staff. The DEM staff
will promptly assume a Watch posture.
E.
TSUNAMI WARNING/WATCH BULLETIN
Received only over HAWAS, this bulletin duplicates most of the
information received from the IDN WATCH and WARNING messages
outlined above. It places areas within three hours wave travel time from
the epicenter of an earthquake in Warning status and those within a 3-6
hour travel time in Watch status.
F.
TSUNAMI INFORMATION BULLETIN
Issued over HAWAS and the IDN for earthquakes generally in the 6.5 to
7.5 range (7.0 for the Aleutians) with an evaluation that no Pacific-wide
Tsunami Warning is in effect.
NOTE 1: If the Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (ATWC) has issued a
Regional Warning for areas under its purview (Alaska, British Columbia,
Washington, Oregon, or California), PTWC will undertake further
investigations to determine if a Pacific-wide tsunami has been generated
and issue additional bulletins as required to include a Tsunami Warning
Bulletin.
NOTE 2: In the absence of a WATCH or WARNING from PTWC, and if
the ATWC has issued a Regional Warning, the City/State Warning Point
will immediately notify appropriate members of the DEM staff that an
ATWC Regional Warning is in effect.
G.
CANCELLATION BULLETINS
Issued over HAWAS and the IDN when the threat of a tsunami for the
entire Pacific Basin, or portions thereof alerted in earlier message traffic, is
canceled.
NOTE: Refer to the Standard Operating Procedures for DEM actions after
PTWC issuance of a Warning Cancellation Bulletin.
IV.
SITUATION AND ASSUMPTIONS
A.
SITUATION
The coastal areas of all of the Hawaiian Islands have historically been
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 4
subject to the threat of and destruction associated with tsunami. While
tsunami events are not common, they have been responsible for some of
the worst disasters experienced in our Islands and around the Pacific
Basin. In terms of the probability of occurrence, it is not a question of
whether a tsunami will affect Oahu and the neighboring counties in the
future (for movement of the earth’s crust is continuous and the threat of a
tsunamigenic earthquake ever present), but when and how soon one will
occur. It is therefore essential that the City is prepared to immediately
respond to PTWC alerting information or the occurrence of an earthquake
which directly affects Oahu.
B.
ASSUMPTIONS
1.
This plan does not address response to a tsunami generated by a
local, catastrophic earthquake, which would totally preclude:
i.
The individual responses listed in paragraphs 2.ii. and 2.iii.
below.
ii.
Mobilization of the City’s emergency service organizations.
See Annex S, Appendix 3, of the City Emergency Operations
Plan for procedural guidance on response to a catastrophic
earthquake/tsunami scenario.
2.
01/12/07
When a Tsunami Warning is issued:
i.
Civil Defense sirens will normally be sounded Statewide 3
hours, 2 hours, 1 hour, and 30 minutes prior to the estimated
SWAT. All siren activations will be accompanied by detailed
Civil Defense instructions over radio and television stations.
If, however, PTWC issues a tsunami warning in advance of
the siren activation schedule outlined above, Civil Defense
authorities may use the sirens or the Emergency Broadcast
System (EBS) at any time to alert the public of approaching
waves. Siren soundings and EBS use will be coordinated
with State Civil Defense prior to activation.
ii.
Those individuals located within a designated tsunami
evacuation zone will:
a)
Either leave the area by walking or driving to safe or
shelter/refuge areas, or, move to the third floor or
above in buildings of six or more floors, which are
constructed of steel and/or concrete. Evacuees will
remain in place until Civil Defense authorities
announce the “All Clear”.
b)
The schools, day care centers, and care homes
located in the tsunami evacuation zone will evacuate
according to their plans. Supervisory personnel will
remain with those under their purview until they can
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 5
be safely picked up by parents/guardians or relocated
to their original or other safe facilities.
NOTE: If schools and day care centers are closed
when a WARNING is issued, they will remain closed.
c)
iii.
A listing of hotels located in tsunami evacuation zones
is at Page 64. Those hotels not meeting the height or
steel and concrete criteria will evacuate their guests
and employees to nearby suitably constructed
buildings or provide for their safety at a location
outside the evacuation zones.
Those individuals not located within designated tsunami
evacuation zones will remain in place, curtail non-essential
travel, and avoid roadways in or near the evacuation zones
so as not to interfere with evacuation.
a)
Employers will attempt to stagger the release of those
employees who absolutely must leave.
b)
Public and private schools and day care centers, if
open, will remain open and care for those under their
purview until parents/guardians can safely pick them
up.
NOTE: If schools and day care centers are closed
when a WARNING is issued, they will remain closed.
01/12/07
iv.
DTS’s TheBus and TheHandi-Van will provide transportation,
insofar as the situation and time available permits, will be
provided to endangered residents/visitors in selected
tsunami evacuation zones. Transit vehicles Van will transit
the routes specified and pickup persons requiring
transportation, and deliver them to nearest designated
tsunami evacuation shelters/refuge areas. This service will
terminate 45 minutes prior to the announced SWAT.
v.
The Honolulu Police Department and Civil Defense
volunteers will establish roadblocks in sufficient time to
restrict traffic into the tsunami evacuation zones to those
requiring emergency entry. Roads will be sealed off 45
minutes prior to the SWAT. Anyone still in the evacuation
zones will be directed by Police patrols to move immediately
to safe locations.
vi.
Regardless of the time of day, and conditions permitting, all
emergency essential personnel will automatically respond to
their work units and commence assigned emergency duties
at the first indication that a tsunami event may affect Oahu.
Such indications include the shaking effect of a local
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 6
earthquake, the sounding of sirens, hearing reports of a
tsunami emergency over radio and television, etc.
V.
3.
Military personnel, their dependents, civilian employees and
contractors on military installations, etc., will be sheltered or remain
in safe areas on Department of Defense installations.
4.
When a tsunami producing event (whether local, urgent, or distant)
affects Oahu, the Honolulu Police Department will, if unable to
contact a member of the DEM staff or when requested by DEM,
assume overall direction and control of response operations until
such time as the City EOC is activated.
CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
Response to tsunamigenic earthquake events can be categorized generally and
broadly explained as follows:
An earthquake affecting Oahu (recognized by difficulty in standing or maintaining
balance) could generate tsunami wave arrivals in five minutes or less. Official
warning by siren and Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) announcement will be
attempted by DEM and the City/State Warning Point, but may not be timely or
effective. Therefore, immediate, spontaneous, unassisted evacuation of the
evacuation zones by all residents, employees, and visitors is required.
Response agencies will be notified and the EOC staff assembled as soon as
possible. Warning, evacuation, and cordoning operations, under the direction of
the Honolulu Police Department, and air and ground search and rescue, will be
initially given priority by City public safety forces. When the “All Clear” is
announced, all response agencies will proceed with recovery actions. See the
Checklist response procedures.
A.
URGENT TSUNAMI WARNING
Upon notification by PTWC that an Urgent Tsunami Warning for Oahu has
been issued, the City/State Warning Point will sound the Civil Defense
sirens and immediately announce the warning (via prescripted message)
over the EBS. City public safety forces and DEM will, within the time
available, attempt to warn residents and visitors in evacuation zones.
However, immediate, spontaneous, unassisted evacuation of the
evacuation zones by residents, employees, and visitors is required.
Response agencies will be notified and the EOC staff assembled as soon
as possible. Initial public safety force priorities will be as outlined in
paragraph V.A. above. When the “All Clear” is announced, all response
agencies will proceed with initial recovery actions.
B.
DISTANT EARTHQUAKE
DEM will be alerted to a distant tsunamigenic earthquake event by PTWC
issuances of Watch or Warning messages.
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CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 7
1.
Tsunami Watch
Upon receipt, DEM will retransmit the WATCH information received
to local radio and television stations for broadcast to the public
using closed circuit EBS procedures. Sirens will not be sounded.
All response agencies will be notified and the EOC staff assembled.
Preliminary coordination and preparation for possible upgrade of
the Watch to a Warning will be accomplished in accordance with
the Checklists.
NOTE: When notified that an Earthquake Advisory has been
issued by PTWC, the DEM staff will assume a Watch posture.
2.
Tsunami Warning
May be issued without a WATCH having been declared. Therefore,
if not already accomplished, the EOC staff will be assembled
immediately and all response agencies notified. Recommendations
on the disposition of schools, employees, businesses, etc., will be
confirmed and pre-scripted EBS messages finalized;
shelters/refuge areas will be staffed and opened. Ground and
airborne warning forces will be mobilized and Mayoral approval for
evacuation sought. With the sounding of sirens, warning and
evacuation, under the direction of the Honolulu Police Department,
as well as regularly scheduled EBS announcements will commence
as outlined at Pages 85-89.
C.
TSUNAMI WARNING CANCELLATION
Issued by PTWC when the threat of damaging waves is no longer present.
See Pages 90-92 for a checklist outlining DEM cancellation/initial recovery
procedures.
D.
OTHER EARTHQUAKE INFORMATION
Contained in Tsunami Information Bulletins, which generally alert the City
to the generation of a non-destructive tsunami. See Page 93 for DEM
response procedures.
VI.
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Overall guidance is contained in the City Emergency Operations Plan. Specific
warning, evacuation, and sheltering taskings are summarized below and outlined
in the checklists at Pages 75-93.
A.
DEPARTMENT OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT (DEM)
1.
01/12/07
Excluding the initial siren sounding and EBS announcements
associated with an Urgent Tsunami Warning, initiate the alerting
process by activating Civil Defense sirens, making EBS and
coordinating mobile public address system announcements, and
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 8
assembling the Emergency Operating Center (EOC) staff.
2.
B.
C.
Direct, coordinate and oversee tsunami evacuation, sheltering, and
initial recovery.
CIVIL DEFENSE DISTRICT VOLUNTEERS
1.
Activate District EOC’s, as directed.
2.
Within capabilities, assist the Honolulu Police Department and DEM
in warning, evacuation, traffic control and communications.
3.
Where possible, report wave arrivals/damage/sea state to DEM.
RADIO AMATEUR CIVIL EMERGENCY SERVICE (RACES)
Within capabilities and as assigned, provide radio communications to the
City EOC from activated evacuation shelters/refuge areas, hospitals,
command and control facilities, etc.
D.
E.
AMERICAN RED CROSS
1.
Activate, staff, and operate all shelters/refuge areas provided by
City, State, and private sector organizations in coordination with
DEM and the City’s Department of Parks and Recreation.
Designate shelter managers/staffs for each facility/refuge area to
be used.
2.
Operate fixed or mobile feeding stations, emergency first aid
stations, or other similar facilities, as necessary.
3.
Operate emergency registration, welfare and casualty inquiry
services, as the situation will permit.
4.
Arrange and provide for medical and nursing care in Red Cross
shelters or refuge areas. Provide counseling for evacuees as
required.
5.
Provide for the special needs of children, the elderly and the
disabled in coordination with DEM and the City’s Department of
Human Resources.
6.
Transmit vital information to the City EOC on shelter/refuge area
operations, including the number of evacuees being serviced and
their status.
7.
Initiate requests for supplemental assistance as the need is
anticipated to include medical, sanitation, communications, Police
and Fire support.
CIVIL AIR PATROL (CAP)
1.
01/12/07
Respond to DEM requests for aerial warning along all of Oahu’s
coastlines and in selected inland areas.
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 9
2.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Where possible, report wave arrivals/damage/sea state to DEM.
CORPORATION COUNSEL
1.
Prepare emergency proclamations for the Mayor during the
response and recovery phases of emergency operations.
2.
Provide legal guidance to the EOC staff on legal matters that may
arise during the course of evacuation and sheltering operations.
HONOLULU FIRE DEPARTMENT (HFD)
1.
Assist HPD in conducting warning and evacuation. (See Pages 9497 for formatted public address system announcements).
2.
Provide fire protection and associated safety services to evacuation
shelters/refuge areas.
3.
Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records and equipment
from risk to safe areas.
4.
Where possible, report wave arrivals/damage/sea state to DEM.
EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT (ESD/EMS)
1.
Coordinate for DEM, the health, medical, and environmental
aspects of shelter/refuge area planning and operations, to include
mental health counseling, with all concerned City, State, and
Federal Agencies.
2.
Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records and equipment
from risk to safe areas.
HUMAN RESOURCES
1.
Coordinate with the American Red Cross and other City
departments/private sector agencies in providing for the special
needs of those elderly and disabled who have no one else to care
for them.
2.
Staff a telephone answering service for emergency calls from
elderly and disabled requiring assistance.
3.
Arrange for and/or conduct elderly/disabled self-help disaster
preparedness training.
DEPARTMENT OF CUSTOMER SERVICES (DCS)
Assist DEM in providing the general public, the media, the hearing
impaired, and the City’s non-English speaking population with tsunami
warning and evacuation advisories, directives, and instructions. Staff
rumor control.
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 10
K.
JOINT INSTITUTE FOR MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC
RESEARCH (JIMAR)
Position observers at various locations around Oahu to record and report,
where possible, on wave arrivals/damage/sea state to DEM.
L.
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND PERMITTING
Provide support personnel, to include direct GIS support, to the EOC
during emergencies.
M.
N.
PARKS AND RECREATION
1.
Act as the City’s primary point of contact for coordinating American
Red Cross sheltering functions and requirements.
2.
Coordinate the use of City facilities to be used as shelters/refuge
areas, and trained employees for use on Red Cross or City mass
care management teams.
3.
Assist the Honolulu Police Department in warning and evacuating
individuals in beach and park areas under City cognizance.
4.
Provide tree cutting and removal operations, as requested.
5.
Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records and equipment
from risk to safe areas.
6.
Perform other mass care tasks as may be required by the situation
or as requested by DEM.
HONOLULU POLICE DEPARTMENT (HPD)
1.
Advise appropriate members of the DEM staff of all Watch,
Warning (to include Regional Warnings), Earthquake Advisory, and
Information Bulletins.
2.
Conduct Urgent Tsunami Warnings, tsunami evacuations, and
assist DEM in other than “Urgent” warning activities.
3.
Establish roadblocks at predesignated locations to preclude entry
into Tsunami evacuation zones. Expedite traffic flows along
evacuation routes between threatened population centers and
shelters/refuge areas. Deny access to damaged areas.
4.
Provide warning to those areas lacking siren coverage and security
for evacuated areas, shelters and/or refuge areas.
5.
Where possible, report wave arrivals, damage, and sea state to
DEM.
6.
Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records, and equipment
from risk to safe areas.
NOTE: If at any time the City/State Warning Point is unable to
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 11
contact a member of the DEM staff, or should the City EOC
experience total communications failure, or when requested by
DEM, the City/State Warning point will be prepared to assume all
DEM responsibilities associated with the implementation of this
plan until such time as the City EOC is activated and/or operational.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
01/12/07
DEPARTMENT OF FACILITY MAINTENANCE (DFM)
1.
Assist the Honolulu Police Department by providing roadblock or
other traffic and crowd control barricade materials as requested.
2.
As requested by the Department of Transportation Services, deploy
personnel and road maintenance equipment along evacuation
routes to ensure roads are rapidly cleared of obstacles.
3.
Provide engineering and sanitation services that may be required at
evacuation shelters/refuge areas.
4.
Relocate Departmental personnel, equipment and vital records
from risk to safe areas. Designate equipment staging areas outside
the tsunami evacuation zones.
5.
Provide personnel to operate the City EOC Local Government
Radio Net (LGRN) position.
6.
Conduct damage assessment operations as outlined in Annex Q of
the City Emergency Operations Plan.
7.
Provide motor pool vehicles to the Department of Transportation
Services for warning and evacuation operations, and to City
damage assessment teams.
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SERVICES (DTS)
1.
When directed by DEM, implement the DTS Evacuation Bus Plan.
2.
Coordinate all transportation requirements in support of warning
and evacuation operations.
3.
Relocate Departmental personnel, vital records, and equipment
from risk to safe areas.
U.S. ARMY SUPPORT COMMAND HAWAII (USASCH)
1.
Assist the Honolulu Police Department in conducting the warning
and evacuation of beach areas under military purview.
2.
Where possible, report wave arrivals, damage, and sea state to
DEM.
U.S. COAST GUARD (USCG)
1.
Assist the Honolulu Police Department in the warning and
evacuation of port and harbor areas threatened by tsunami.
2.
Provide reports to DEM on wave arrivals, damage, if any, and sea
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 12
state in harbors and channels.
S.
SUPPORTING STATE DEPARTMENTS
Provide assistance to the City in accordance with departmental authority,
functions, resources, and capabilities (as outlined in Volume III of the
State Plan for Emergency Preparedness and the Basic portion of the City
Emergency Operations Plan).
T.
1.
State Civil Defense and the State Department of Education will be
responsive to Red Cross and DEM requests for the use of
facilities/grounds as shelters/refuge areas.
2.
State Department of Transportation and the Harbors Division will
assist the Honolulu Police Department in the warning and
evacuation of port and harbor areas threatened by tsunami.
Provide reports to DEM on wave arrivals, damage, if any, and sea
state in harbors and channels.
3.
Harbors Division Chief, upon cancellation of a tsunami warning,
broadcast “All Clear” announcements over marine frequencies for
all harbors, channels and bays on Oahu when they are considered
to be safe from dangerous currents and eddies. Provide DEM with
harbor/channel/bay “All Clear” information for subsequent
broadcast over the EBS.
HAWAII NATIONAL GUARD
Support warning, evacuation, sheltering, and security operations as
directed by the Adjutant General.
U.
COORDINATING AGENCIES
Community, neighborhood, charitable, and church groups will provide
volunteer relief programs for evacuees and victims in accordance with preplanned arrangements and mutual agreements with the American Red
Cross. These groups include:
1.
Salvation Army
2.
Hawaii Conference of Seventh Day Adventists
3.
Hawaii Baptist Convention
4.
Volunteer Organizations Active in Disasters (VOAID)
5.
Hawaii Council of Churches
VII. HAZARD SPECIFIC RESPONSE PROCEDURES
A.
01/12/07
Local Earthquakes/Earthquakes in Hawaiian Waters – All Response
Supervisors should evaluate wave arrival timing (see timing chart below)
before dispatching forces to the evacuation zones. Instead of entering the
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 13
zones, directing personnel to evacuate may be more appropriate,
particularly for earthquakes in the Molokai Seismic Zone (MSZ), on the
Diamond Head Fault (DHF), and in some areas of the Big Island.
B.
Civil Defense District Coordinators will contact their local HPD District
Commanders (or DEM in the case of District 1) to coordinate the
assignment of volunteers to warning/evacuation taskings.
C.
The HPD Communications Division Watch Commander or Supervisor will
contact the Fire Alarm Bureau to coordinate the use of HFD field units in
warning and evacuation tasking.
D.
When operational, the Water Safety Division of the Department of Parks
and Recreation will notify USDOD lifeguards that evacuation of beach
areas is required.
E.
The Civil Air Patrol will immediately notify DEM if unable to accomplish
warning in rural areas or along any coastline. DEM will subsequently
advise the HPD Communications Division Watch Commander or
Supervisor and request additional personnel to be assigned to the
uncovered area(s).
F.
DEM will broadcast WARNING and ALL CLEAR messages over the
Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) in eight different languages/dialects
to assist the City’s non-English speaking population in understanding and
responding to tsunami events. Individual language announcements will be
interspersed with other EBS material at regular intervals so that all will
have been aired at least once each hour.
G.
All Response Agencies will withdraw all response agency personnel from
evacuation zones. This will be initiated 30 minutes prior to the SWAT
or initial wave arrival time, whichever occurs first.
H.
Tsunami Warning Cancellation: DEM will notify all tasked response
agencies when a Tsunami Warning has been canceled and will be solely
responsible for directing the reentry of public safety personnel into the
evacuation zones. Search and rescue will be conducted in each area and
an appraisal of conditions and needs forwarded to DEM as soon as
possible.
VIII. SHELTERING ANALYSIS
As noted earlier in Section II of this plan:
A.
Shelter/refuge areas identified in this plan were selected in sufficient
numbers and in reasonably close proximity to the evacuating population to
provide readily accessible “safe haven” and minimize, where possible,
parking difficulties. Available shelter/refuge area space for evacuees,
therefore, exceeds the estimated population at risk.
NOTE: It is not essential that evacuees utilize public shelters/refuge areas
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 14
for their survival. If evacuees deem vertical evacuation or travel to a
shelter/refuge area to be impractical or perhaps impossible (due to a lack
of time, heavy traffic, or other constraints), they should individually
relocate to any area outside of an evacuation zone even though cover
from the elements or other necessities are not available. Such a personal
evacuation strategy is highly recommended.
B.
Depending on both the time available to wave arrival and the time of day,
it must be recognized that Red Cross or City teams may not be able to
reach their assigned shelters/refuge areas in time to prepare and organize
them for evacuee arrival. Evacuee use of parking or open areas in close
proximity to or inland of designated shelters and refuge areas is
considered a suitable and satisfactory alternative.
C.
The tables at Pages 100-102 summarize, by Civil Defense District, the
estimated number of evacuees that could seek refuge in public shelters as
well as the facilities to accommodate them.
D.
There are no shortfalls in the availability of shelters for the at-risk
population assuming:
E.
01/12/07
1.
Military and civilian personnel on Department of Defense
installations (Kaneohe MCAS, Hickam AFB, Barbers Point NAS,
Iroquois Point Navy Housing, and Pearl Harbor) will be evacuated
and sheltered within the confines of Federal property.
2.
Individuals in those areas not requiring evacuation, i.e., Keehi
Lagoon, Honolulu Harbor, Enchanted Lake, and the shoreline
between Kualoa Point and Kaneohe MCAS, will not seek shelter.
3.
All individuals in qualified multi-story buildings will vertically
evacuate.
Some evacuee travel turbulence can be expected whether individuals
utilize shelters or the refuge areas in the vicinity of the shelters. For
example:
1.
Because Waialua High and Intermediate is the only shelter for
evacuees from Waimea Bay to Kaena Point, it is anticipated that
Kamehameha Highway, westbound from Waimea, will be extremely
congested with significant delays as vehicles enter the
Haleiwa/Waialua traffic complex. As a result, overflow traffic will be
directed to Wahiawa and the Wahiawa Recreation Center rather
than the Waialua High area.
2.
Similar delays and traffic backlogs are expected from Waimea to
Kahuku with only Sunset Beach Elementary and Kahuku High
available as shelter/refuge areas.
3.
There may be insufficient shelter space for evacuees from Makaha
to Lualualei. Evacuees from those areas may have to travel to
Nanakuli, or perhaps even Makakilo to find suitable refuge.
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 15
4.
F.
IX.
To minimize northbound traffic flows on the Windward coast, it is
recommended that evacuees from Punaluu, Kahana Bay, Kaaawa,
and Kualoa use either the Waiahole or Kahaluu shelters/refuge
areas.
In sum, while travel turbulence can present traffic problems along many of
the City’s coastal roadways, sufficient shelters/refuge areas are available
island wide to support the at-risk population.
FUNCTIONAL GUIDELINES
Guidance in the functional areas of: Evacuation, Direction and Control, Roles and
Responsibilities and Public Information are outlined in detail in the
Basic Plan section of the City Emergency Operations Plan and Hazard Specific
Standard Operating Plan.
X.
PLAN MAINTENANCE
This plan will be reviewed annually or whenever new data is received which
would require reassessment of the evacuation strategy or the sheltering of
populations at risk. During the review, special attention will be given to:
XI.
A.
The accuracy and completeness of formatted public service
announcements and Emergency Broadcast System scripts currently on
file in DEM.
B.
Broadcast and print media instructions to residents and responders on the
primary and alternate evacuation and sheltering planning elements.
C.
The status of current and projected tsunami education/awareness
programs. Particular emphasis will be placed on the effectiveness of
public and private sector information initiatives especially those involving
the hotel and transportation industries, hospitals, nursing and adult
residential care homes, schools and day care centers.
REFERENCES
1.
City and County of Honolulu Emergency Operations Plan
2.
Communications Plan for the Tsunami Warning System, Eleventh Edition,
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, December 1987, updated January 15,
1991.
3.
Tsunami Bus Evacuation Plan, Department of Transportation Services,
City and County of Honolulu, August 1988.
XII. ATTACHMENTS & TABS
TAB A: Abbreviations
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 16
TAB B: Procedures & Forms for Determining Evacuation Timing
TAB C: Tsunami Information Bulletin
TAB D: Notification during Non-Working Hours
TAB E: Notification during Working Hours
TAB F: Tsunami Evacuation Zones
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 17
ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2
ATTACHMENT 1: ABBREVIATIONS
ATTACHMENT 1: ABBREVIATIONS
AG
Attorney General
ARC
American Red Cross
ARES
Amateur Radio Emergency Services
ARM
Aerial Radiological Monitor
ARRL
Amateur Radio Relay League
ATF
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
BBH
Blood Bank of Hawaii
BFS
Department of Budge and Fiscal Services
BWS
Board of Water Supply
BYU
Brigham Young University - Hawaii
CAP
Civil Air Patrol
CBCP
Certified Business Continuity Planner
CBRNE
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive
CCL
City Council
CD
Civil Defense
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CEM
Certified Emergency Manager
CERT
Community Emergency Response Team
CLK
City Clerks Office
COE
Corps of Engineers
COG
Continuity of Government
COM
Communications Officer, DEM
COOP
Continuity of Operations
COR
Department of Corporation Council
CPM
Counts Per Minute
CSD
Customer Services Department
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – ATTACHMENT 1
PAGE 18
Attachment 1: Abbreviations
(continued)
CSDP
Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program
CWP
County Warning Point
D1-6
Civil Defense Volunteer District
DAC
Disaster Application Center
DAP
Disaster Assistance Program
DBEDT
Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (HI)
DCS
Department of Community Services
DDC
Department of Design and Construction
DECON
Decontamination
DEM
Department of Emergency Management
DES
Department of Enterprise Services
DFM
Department of Facility Maintenance
DFO
Disaster Field Office
DHR
Department of Human Resources
DHS
Department of Homeland Security
DIT
Department of Information Technology
DMAT
Disaster Medical Assistance Team
DMORT
Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team
DOD
U.S. Department of Defense
DOE
Department of Education (State)
DOE
U.S. Department of Energy (U.S.)
DOH
Department of Health (State)
DOJ
Department of Justice
DOT
Department of Transportation (State)
DPP
Department of Planning and Permitting
DPR
Department of Parks and Recreation
DRC
Disaster Recovery Center
DTS
Department of Transportation Services
E 911
Enhanced 9-1-1
E&T
Education and Training Officer, DEM
EAS
Emergency Alert System
EBS
Emergency Broadcast System (Replaced with EAS Live Broadcast)
ECL
Emergency Classification Level
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – ATTACHMENT 1
PAGE 19
Attachment 1: Abbreviations
(continued)
EIS
Environmental Impact Statement
EMI
Emergency Management Institute (Maryland)
EMP
Electo-Magnetic Pulse
EMS
Emergency Medical Service
EMT
Emergency Medical Technician
ENV
Environmental Services Department
EOC
Emergency Operations Center
EOD
Explosive Ordnance Disposal
EOP
Emergency Operations Plan
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.)
ESD
Emergency Services Department
Eteam
Emergency Management Software (City Contracted)
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration
FAC
Food and Agriculture Committee
FAX
Facsimile Machine
FCC
Federal Communications Commission
FCO
Federal Coordinating Officer
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS)
FFTF
Fast Flux Test Facility
FIRM
Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FEMA)
FMB
Fasi Municipal Building
FRC
Federal Response Center (HAZMAT)
FRMAC
Federal Radiological Monitoring & Assessment Center
FRPCC
Federal Radiological Preparedness Coordinating Committee
GASCO
Gas Company
GCA
General Contractors Association
GIS
Geographic Information Systems
GMT
Greenwich Mean Time (also referred to as ZULU or UTC)
GPS
Global Positioning System
GSA
General Services Administration (U.S.)
HAH
Healthcare Association of Hawaii
HAWAS
Hawaii Warning System
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – ATTACHMENT 1
PAGE 20
Attachment 1: Abbreviations
(continued)
HAZ
Hazardous Material Officer, DEM
HAZMAT
Hazardous Materials
HECO
Hawaiian Electric Company
HELOS
Helicopters
HFD
Honolulu Fire Department
HFIA
Hawaii Food Industry Association
HHVISA
Hawaii Hotel Visitors Industry Security Association
HMTUSA
Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act
HNG
Hawaii National Guard
HPD
Honolulu Police Department
HSAS
Homeland Security Advisory System
HSEEP
Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program
HSPD
Homeland Security Presidential Directive
HVA
Hazard Vulnerability Analysis
IAEM
International Association of Emergency Managers
IC
Incident Commander
ICS
Incident Command System
IED
Improvised Explosive Device
IEMS
Integrated Emergency Management System
JFO
Joint Field Office
JIC
Joint Information Center
JIS
Joint Information System
JOC
Joint Operations Center
JTF-HD
Joint Task Force - Homeland Defense
JTTF
Joint Terrorism Task Force
LEPC
Local Emergency Planning Committee
LERN
Law Enforcement Radio Net
MAY
Mayor's Office / Mayor
MCEER
Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research
MED
Medical Examiner Department
MOA
Memorandum of Agreement
MOCA
Mayor's Office of Culture and the Arts
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – ATTACHMENT 1
PAGE 21
Attachment 1: Abbreviations
(continued)
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet
NAWAS
National Warning System
NCO
Neighborhood Commission Office
NEHRP
National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program
NEMA
National Emergency Management Association
NENA
National Emergency Number Association (911)
NFIP
National Flood Insurance Program
NHRAIC
Natural Hazard Research and Applications Information Center
NIMS
National Incident Management System
NIRT
Nuclear Incident Response Team
NOAA
National Oceanic Administrative Agency
NPSPAC
National Public Safety Planning Advisory Committee
NRC
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NRP
National Response Plan
NTSB
National Transportation Safety Board
NWS
National Weather Service
OIC
Office In Charge
OPS
Operations Unit
OTS
Oahu Transit Services
P&O
Plans and Operations Officer, DEM
PAT
Department of Prosecuting
PDA
Preliminary Damage Assessment
PIO
Public Information Officer, DEM
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
RACES
Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services
RAD
Radiological Defense Officer, DEM
RADEF
Radiological Defense
REAC/TS
Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site
RHB
Royal Hawaiian Band
SAR
Search and Rescue
SARA
Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act
SBA
Small Business Administration
SCD
State Civil Defense Division
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – ATTACHMENT 1
PAGE 22
Attachment 1: Abbreviations
(continued)
SCO
State Coordinating Officer
SERT
State Emergency Response Team
SITREPs
Situation Reports
SLEC
State Law Enforcement Coalition
SLG 101
State and Local Government EOP Guidelines
SNS
Strategic National Stockpile
SOG
Standard Operating Guidelines
SOP
Standard Operating Procedures
SSC
Seismic Safety Commission
SWP
State Warning Point
UC
Unified Command
USACE
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
USAR
Urban Search and Rescue
USCG
United States Coast Guard (DHS)
USDA
United States Department of Agriculture
USGS
United States Geological Survey
UTC
Utilities & Transportation Commission
UTC
Coordinated Universal Time (also referred to as ZULU or GMT)
VA
Veteran’s Administration
VOADs
Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters
WMD
Weapons of Mass Destruction
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – ATTACHMENT 1
PAGE 23
ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2
TAB A: PROCEDURES & FORMS FOR DETERMINING
EVACUATION TIMING
TAB A: Procedures & Forms for Determining Evacuation Timing
A.
Begin surveillance of any Tsunami reported by the NWSFO in accordance
with the Tracking and Plotting Standard Operating Procedure and the
guidelines established in applicable checklists.
B.
When the radius of 34 knots (40 MPH) sustained winds preceding the
center of a Tsunami crosses a point 900 nautical (1000 statute) miles from
the City or Tsunami weather phenomena are forecast to affect the City
within 72 hours, appropriate portions of the DEM Form 100 will be filled in
and utilized for notification and coordination. The form will be updated
whenever new data is made available to the DEM by the NWS/CPHC or
from reports by field forces.
C.
The following will be accomplished whenever a hurricane or tropical storm
Watch or Warning is issued by the NWSFO; when the radius of 34 knots
(40 MPH) sustained winds cross the 600 nautical mile (700 statute) mile
point; or when Tsunami effects are forecast to affect the City within 48
hours:
1.
After completing the general information portions of Form 100,
enter the most current estimated date/time of arrival of first effects
in Block 1 of Form 101.
2.
For hurricanes or tropical storms with sustained winds exceeding
55 MPH, enter in Block 2 the appropriate “clearance” time for
anticipated conditions. Subtract from the current Estimated
Date/Time of Arrival (EDTA) and enter in Block 3 the “baseline”
date/time for issuing an evacuation order/advisory.
NOTE 1: The clearance times, are believed to be more than
sufficient for all island locations because they represent the
movement of evacuees from the most populous area of Oahu and
exceed the clearance times computed for various districts in
previous planning efforts.
NOTE 2: Clearance times for precautionary evacuations
associated with tropical depressions or tropical storms with
sustained winds of 55 MPH or less will be determined as the
situation dictates.
3.
01/12/07
Adjustments to the “baseline” date/time may now be made, if
required, to accomplish a daylight hours evacuation. Enter the
number of hours needed to cause a daytime evacuation in Block 4.
Subtract from the “baseline” date/time to determine the earlier
“final” evacuation advisory/order time and enter in Block 5.
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – TAB A
PAGE 24
TAB A: Procedures & Forms for Determining Evacuation Timing
D.
01/12/07
(continued)
4.
Insert in the remaining blocks the recommended decision times or
applicable estimates for the additional activities as indicated.
5.
All data on the DEM Form 101 will be updated as new information
is received from the NWS/CPHC or from field forces.
The final evacuation advisory/order and the recommended nonemergency-essential employee excusal times will be approved by the
Mayor, Managing Director, or Chief Budget Officer, as appropriate and the
Declaration of Emergency signed, if required.
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – TAB A
PAGE 25
ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2
TAB B: TSUNAMI EMERGENCY RESPONSE PROCEDURES
TAB B: Tsunami Information Bulletin
BY:
1.
TIME:
Receive/analyze PTWC/ATWC Bulletin (s)
BY:
2.
BY:
W (UTC less 10 =
W)
TIME:
IF PACIFIC-WIDE TSUNAMI WAS NOT GENERATED AND NO WATCH OR WARNING
IS ISSUED FOR THE PACIFIC REGION:
o
Notify Mayor-MD, OIC, Staff and other City Departments as necessary
BY:
o
o
TIME:
Monitor situation for possible additional/stronger aftershocks
BY:
o
TIME:
Respond to queries by news media/general public and if appropriate issue news
release
BY:
o
TIME:
Contact/discuss situation with Tsunami Advisor (SSO TSU), as required
BY:
TIME:
Update DEM answering machines as necessary
BY:
B.
TIME:
Plot location of epicenter, Calculate State Wave Arrival
Time (SWAT)
A.
Date:
TIME:
PREPARE FOR POSSIBLE PTWC WATCH/WARNING
o
Review Watch and/or Warning checklist at page _____.
BY:
o
Consider notification of Mayor/MD/Key EOC staff on checklist
BY:
o
TIME:
Update DEM answering machines, as necessary
BY:
01/12/07
TIME:
Monitor situation until advised by PTWC that no tsunami threat exists for
Oahu/State
BY:
o
TIME:
TIME:
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – TAB B
PAGE 26
ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2
TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING
INTENTIONAL BLANK PAGE
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 27
ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2
TAB C: NOTIFICATION DURING NON-WORKING HOURS
TAB C: Notification during Non–Working Hour
The Director/first DEM staff member notified will initiate recall/activation of the remaining DEM
staff and key City EOC staff and report to DEM as soon as possible.
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has issued a Tsunami … Watch / … Warning
1.
Time and conditions permitting, the Administrator/designated DEM staff member will
contact the Mayor/Managing Director and discuss:
•
EOC activation / staff recall
•
State / Oahu Wave Arrival Times: SWAT
•
Civil defense siren schedule/EBS/EAS activation
•
1st siren (State wide) at
•
Instructions to City Non-Disaster response workers
o
Do not report to work, report to work at
leave work at
, leave work immediately,
Recommendations concerning State, Federal and private sector employees
•
o
, leave work immediately,
Do not report to work, report to work at
leave work at
Recommendations to DOE/HAIS on public/private school operations
•
o
2.
OWAT
Schools remain closed, will close at
, will remain open until
•
Request to public to curtail non-emergency travel and to avoid evacuation routes
•
Evacuation of coastal tsunami threat areas commencing at
Once the above actions are accomplished, use the appropriate portions of the:
NOTIFICATION DURING WORKING HOURS CHECKLIST
•
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / PROCEDURES GO TO:
TSUNAMI STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TSUNAMI WATCH CHECKLIST
NOTES: If the Tsunami Watch is canceled advise all agencies/individuals previously
notified. Refer to the Tsunami Watch/Warning Cancellation checklist.
Coordinate possible upgrade with State Civil Defense and the other County Civil
Defense Agencies as necessary.
If the Tsunami Watch is upgraded to a Tsunami Warning, immediately go to the
Tsunami Warning Standard Operating Procedures.
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – TAB C
PAGE 28
ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2
TAB D: NOTIFICATION DURING WORKING HOURS
TAB D: Notification during Working Hours
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has issued a Tsunami … Watch / … Warning
BY:
TIME:
Date:
1. Acknowledge receipt of PTWC Bulletin
2. Review/analyze bulletin
3. Plot location of epicenter, Calculate:
State Wave Arrival Time (SWAT)
Oahu Wave Arrival Time (OWAT)
4. Activate City/District/Hotel EOCs:
City ________
Hotel _______
D1 ________
D2
_______
D3 _______
D4 ________
D5
_______
D6 _______
5. Request District EOCs report activation and number of volunteers
available for assignment::
D1 _______
D2 _______
D3 _______
D4 _______
D5 _______
D6 _______
6. Test all City EOC / District EOC
•
Communications
•
Vehicles
•
Backup Generators
7. Activate EOC Communications Plan
•
Provide initial SITREP to District Coordinators
•
Make Emergency Radio Transmissions only announcements
on LGRN
•
Notify SWP/SCD of City EOC activation (HAWAS)
•
Notify HMB security/parking lot operations of EOC activation
•
Request EOC security from HPD
•
Dispatch IMA/RACES to Hotel EOC ________W
•
Provide Watch information to hearing impaired (TDD)
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – TAB D
PAGE 30
ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2
TSUNAMI EVACUATION & SHELTERING
INTENTIONAL BLANK PAGE
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2
PAGE 29
TAB D: Notification during Working Hours
(continued)
•
Request Immigrant Center to provide Tsunami Watch
advisories to non-English speaking population
•
Coordinate siren sounding with Military
7. Contact CAP
Alert / brief / request CAP warning mission(s):
•
(Provide SWAT
W
OWAT
W)
•
Request aircraft & crew availability and earliest
possible launch time(s)
•
# Aircraft(s) ____ # Crews ____ Launch ____W
•
Determine availability of CAP ERV for PASA
•
Coordinate area(s) to be warned
8. Initiate City EOC staff recall/notification:
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION / PROCEDURES GO TO:
TSUNAMI STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TSUNAMI WATCH CHECKLIST
NOTES: If the Tsunami Watch is canceled advise all agencies/individuals previously notified.
Refer to the Tsunami Watch/Warning Cancellation checklist.
Coordinate possible upgrade with State Civil Defense and the other County Civil
Defense Agencies as necessary.
If the Tsunami Watch is upgraded to a Tsunami Warning, immediately go to the
Tsunami Warning Standard Operating Procedures.
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – TAB D
PAGE 31
ANNEX T - APPENDIX 2
TAB E: TSUNAMI EVACUATION ZONES
TAB E: Tsunami Evacuation Zones
01/12/07
CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU
ANNEX T
APPENDIX 2 – TAB E
PAGE 32
REMAINING OAHU TSUNAMI EVACUATION MAPS DELETED FOR COMPLETE DOCUMENT, PLEASE CONTACT ITIC [email protected]
Tsunami Local Guidance
Local Planning Guidance on
Tsunami Response
SECOND EDITION
A Supplement to the Emergency Planning Guidance
for Local Governments
Arnold Schwarzenegger
Governor
State of California
Henry R. Renteria
Director
Governor’s Office of Emergency Services
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
1
Appendix 3 Tsunami Sample Planning Template
Tsunami Planning
Tsunami Sample Planning Template
Management
Management may want to focus on several areas during the planning process, including organizational structure;
coordination of various disciplines; inclusion of non-profit organizations or private businesses in the possible
response organization; public information concerns; safety and security; and information sharing among the key
players. In addition, management may also want to be involved in threat analysis plans and procedures
development.
Organizational Structure
Local government should consider the organizational structure required for a tsunami threat or actual
event. In developing the organization, agencies may want to address the following questions:
• How should organizational and planning issues be addressed? Through multi-agency tsunami planning
committee (TPCs)? Through regional as well as local efforts? Much of the success of future tsunami
response efforts will depend upon establishing close working relationships among the key players at
various government levels.
• What organization is already in place to deal with tsunamis?
• How will they interface with their state and federal counterparts?
• What levels of government need to be represented?
• What are the procedures for liaison to OES? Others?
• What organizational elements need to be represented? For example, the unified command?
• How will the transition from tsunami watch/warning to tsunami response be accomplished—if
necessary?
Coordination of Disciplines
A tsunami event will require multi-agency, multi-discipline coordination at all levels, including first
responders. Questions to consider:
• How do local jurisdictions plan to coordinate medical, health, fire and rescue, public works, law and
coroner?
• What are the issues associated with discipline coordination? In the EOC environment? In the field?
• What communication systems and protocols need to be in place?
• How will vulnerable population issues be addressed?
• How will education and childcare facilities be addressed?
• How will animal care issues be addressed?
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
37
Non-Profits and Private Businesses
Non-profit organizations and businesses may become involved in a tsunami threat or event, either as
potential victims or as possible support organizations.
• What non-profit organizations need to be involved in tsunami response planning?
• How do local jurisdictions include them in tsunami response?
• Are there businesses that need to be involved in tsunami response planning? Would they be potential
victims? Could they provide support to emergency operations?
Public Information
All Public Information personnel should review current plans and/or protocols to ensure the area(s) listed
below are addressed.
As we have seen in California during our natural disasters, public information plays a crucial role in
managing an event. Some questions to consider are:
• What system(s) are available to alert the public?
• What protocols need to be established by local government?
• How does local government ensure support and cooperation with the media on a potentially sensitive
subject?
• What protective actions need to occur for government response personnel to the public?
• How do local governments and the media address bilingual and multicultural concerns?
• What public information organizations need to be established? Media centers?
Safety and Security
All Safety and Security personnel should review current plans and/or protocols to ensure the area(s) listed
below are addressed. Staff safety and operational security will be key concerns during a tsunami threat or
actual event. Questions to consider:
• What actions do local governments need to take to protect their staff?
• What actions need to be taken to ensure operational security?
• What agencies have responsibility for perimeter security?
Information Dissemination
Information dissemination and sharing will be crucial during a tsunami threat or actual event. How an
event unfolds will be determined to a great extent by “information” and how it is processed. Questions to
consider:
• What protocols need to be established about sharing threat information? How will various disciplines
share information across discipline lines (e.g.: law enforcement to medical).
• What components of the local response organization need to have information?
• What information elements need to be shared? And with what agencies, organizations, businesses,
volunteer organizations, the media, and so on?
• Do agencies need to have “alert levels” or “readiness conditions” – even those that do not normally use
these terms?
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
38
Operations
This section addresses concerns that may surface during tsunami response planning for branches normally
associated with Operations.
Fire Department
All Fire and Rescue personnel should review current plans and/or protocols to ensure the areas listed
below are addressed. Tsunami inundations are not a single wave event; several waves may inundate the
coast over several hours. The first wave may be followed by larger, more destructive waves that go
farther inland and carry debris.
• Are fire and rescue response personnel staged outside of the potential tsunami run up area until an all
clear is given?
• Do existing procedures need to be modified to accommodate a tsunami scenario?
• Do first responder personnel need to receive any special instructions in the face of a potential tsunami
threat?
• What time-critical refresher training needs to occur in anticipation of an event? (For example, refresher
training on chemical agent identification.)
• What additional technical support teams will be required for a tsunami situation?
• Which fire and rescue functions need to be co-located with other disciplines for coordination purposes?
• Will the Fire and Rescue Branch need to request mutual aid to deal with the consequences of a tsunami
event?
• Will Fire and Rescue Branch require extensive logistical support for their operations?
• How will fire and rescue personnel deal with the potential that they may become secondary tsunami
casualties upon response to an event?
• How will fire and rescue personnel expand their operations beyond the normal day-to-day emergency
response? What will be required to do this?
• How will the environmental needs be addressed?
• Have fire and rescue personnel prepared for an incident?
• Are decontamination procedures in place for fire and rescue personnel?
Hazardous Materials
All Hazardous Materials/Radiological personnel should review current plans and/or protocols to ensure
the areas listed below are addressed. Tsunamis often involve many waves; several waves may inundate
the coast over several hours. The first wave may be followed by larger, more destructive waves that go
farther inland and carry debris.
• Are hazardous materials response personnel staged outside of the potential tsunami run up area until an
all clear is given?
• Do existing procedures need to be modified to accommodate a tsunami scenario?
• Do first responder personnel need to receive any special instructions in the face of a potential tsunami
threat?
• What time-critical refresher training needs to occur in anticipation of an event? (For example, refresher
training on chemical agent identification.)
• What additional technical support teams will be required for a tsunami situation?
• Which hazardous materials or radiological functions need to be co-located with other disciplines for
coordination purposes?
• Will the HazMat or Radiological Branch need to request mutual aid to deal with the consequences of a
tsunami event?
• Will HazMat or Radiological Branch require extensive logistical support for their operations?
• How will HazMat or Radiological team personnel deal with the potential that they may become
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
39
secondary tsunami casualties upon response to an event?
• How will HazMat expand their operations beyond the normal day-to-day emergency response? What
will be required to do this?
• How will the environmental needs be addressed?
• Have radiological personnel prepared for an incident?
• Are decontamination procedures in place for radiological personnel?
Law Enforcement
All law enforcement personnel should review current plans and/or protocols to ensure the areas listed
below are addressed. Several tsunami waves may inundate the coast over a number of hours. The first
wave may be followed by larger, more destructive waves that go farther inland and carry debris.
• Are law enforcement personnel staged outside of the potential tsunami run up area until an all clear is
given?
• Do existing procedures need to be modified to accommodate a tsunami scenario?
• Do first responder personnel need to receive any special instructions in the face of a potential tsunami
threat?
• What time-critical refresher training needs to occur in anticipation of an event? (For example, refresher
training on evacuations.)
• What additional technical support teams will be required for a tsunami situation?
• Which law enforcement functions need to be co-located with other disciplines for coordination
purposes?
• Will the law enforcement branch need to request mutual aid to deal with the consequences of a tsunami
event?
• What additional logistical support will law enforcement require for operations?
• How will law enforcement expand their operations beyond the normal day-to-day emergency response?
What will be required to do this?
• Are law enforcement personnel prepared to perform/direct mass evacuations and spontaneous
evacuations?
Coroner
Generally, all of the standard mass fatality concerns would apply for coroner operations during a tsunami
response. Tsunami inundations are not a single wave event; several waves may inundate the coast over
several hours. The first wave may be followed by larger, more destructive waves that go farther inland
and carry debris.
• Are coroner personnel staged outside of the potential inundation area?
• Do existing procedures need to be modified to accommodate a tsunami scenario?
• Do existing procedures address and deal with decontamination in the presence of hazardous materials?
One area to be addressed is decontamination of the deceased prior to leaving the scene to prevent
contamination of facilities. This requires setting up a specific decontamination procedure prior to
transportation to the incident morgue or central morgue facility. It may also be necessary to establish a
temporary morgue for any work with contaminated deceased.
• Are there provisions in place for securing of personal effects? They may be needed to assist in
identification or at least in the “believed to “be (BTB) identification. They must be secured for release to
the family if appropriate.
• Are there provisions for the recovery and identification of the deceased? This is usually the highest
priority of the family. It may, however, conflict with the other issues of a tsunami response. Recovery of
bodies may be delayed, for instance, due to continued tsunami risks. Coroner staff should not enter the
inundation zone until the “all clear” is issued.
• Do procedures address the issues of identification of large numbers of tsunami casualties, when there
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
40
may be decontamination and dismemberment issues?
• Do procedures include the establishment of a Family Assistance Center? Mass fatalities management
usually includes such centers. The centers facilitate information flow. Family members may need to be
available for interviews, identification notifications, and remains disposition.
• Do coroner personnel need to receive any special instructions in the face of a potential tsunami threat?
• What time-critical refresher training needs to occur in anticipation of an event?
• What additional technical support teams will be required for a tsunami situation?
• Which coroner functions need to be co-located with other disciplines for coordination purposes?
• Will the Law Enforcement Branch need to request mutual aid to deal with the consequences of a
tsunami event?
• What additional logistical support will be required for coroner operations?
• How will operations be expanded beyond the normal day-to-day emergency response? What will be
required to do this?
Medical and Health
All medical and health personnel should review current plans and/or protocols to ensure the areas listed
below are addressed. Tsunami waves may inundate the coast over several hours. The first wave may be
followed by larger, more destructive waves that go farther inland and carry debris.
• Are medical personnel staged outside of the potential tsunami run-up area until an all clear is given.
• Do existing procedures need to be modified to accommodate a tsunami scenario?
• Do first responder personnel need to receive any special instructions in the face of a potential tsunami
threat?
• What time-critical refresher training needs to occur in anticipation of an event (refresher training on
chemical agent identification, biological hazards, or decontamination procedures, for example)?
• What additional technical support teams will be required for a tsunami situation?
• Which medical or health functions need to be co-located with other disciplines for coordination
purposes? For example, there are instances in which medical and hazardous material personnel may need
to conduct joint activities.
• Will the medical and health branches need to request mutual aid to deal with the consequences of a
tsunami event? What will be the source of this aid?
• Will the medical and health branches need to establish significant logistical support for operations?
• How will medical and health personnel deal with the possibility that they may become secondary
tsunami victims upon response to an event?
• How will medical and health expand their operations beyond the normal day-to-day emergency
response? What will be required to do this?
• Should medical and health personnel establish contacts in the private sector prior to an incident for
quicker access to supplies and personnel?
• Are decontamination procedures in place for medical personnel?
• If the event is a Mass Casualty Incident (MCI), how will medical personnel address the need for the
possible massive amounts of mutual aid required?
Mental Health.
“Medical” also includes mental health support, which will focus on support to victims of a tsunami and
support to response personnel, including EOC staff. Mental health planners should consider the same sort
of questions that other elements of the medical and health community address. In addition, plans should
incorporate the following areas:
Staff Background and Training
• Does your mental health staff have the requisite training in disasters, tsunamis, and dealing with
trauma?
• Do they have an understanding of governmental response roles?
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
41
• Are they able to function as part of a multi-disciplinary team?
Crisis Management
• Public information: What role should mental health practitioners play as part of public information?
What effect does public information have upon the mental health of the victims and responders?
• Support services: How can the mental health community provide crisis counseling, screening, diagnosis,
and treatment for those in need of such services?
• Stress Management: How can mental health personnel support stress management programs within the
EOC and other locations?
• Follow-up: What mental health follow-up programs need to be developed as a result of a threat or
event?
• Integration and support: How do mental health activities integrate with and support other medical/health
activities?
• Resources: What mental health resources are available within the community? Will additional mental
health resources be required? How can non-medical support personnel, such as religious staff or social
services personnel, be integrated into the process?
• Psychological aspects: How can mental health professionals address the psychological aspects of
response activities such as: body recovery, identification, family notification, and transportation of the
injured?
Care & Shelter
All care and shelter personnel should review current plans and/or protocols to ensure the areas listed
below are addressed.
• Do existing procedures need to be modified to accommodate a tsunami scenario?
• What special instructions do care and shelter personnel need to receive regarding a potential tsunami
threat?
• What time-critical refresher training needs to occur in anticipation of an event (for example, refresher
training on facility security procedures or mental health concerns during a tsunami event)?
• What level of facility security will be required for care and shelter operations during a tsunami
situation?
• At what levels of the emergency response organization should there be care and shelter representation?
Field level incident command post? City EOC? OA EOC?
• Will the care and shelter branch need to request mutual aid to deal with the consequences of a tsunami
event? If so, what will be the source of this aid?
• Will the care and shelter branch need to establish significant logistical support for its operations? How
will this connect to other logistical support, such as medical?
• How will care and shelter personnel handle mass evacuations and spontaneous evacuations? How will
local law enforcement and fire personnel address this situation?
Public Works and Utilities
All Public Works personnel should review current plans and/or protocols to ensure the areas listed below
are addressed. This branch may include public works, local state agency representation, and private
concerns. It may include representatives from professional organizations. Tsunami inundations are not a
single wave event; several waves may inundate the coast over several hours. The first wave may be
followed by larger, more destructive waves that go farther inland and carry debris.
• Are public works and private and public agency personnel staged outside of the potential tsunami run
up area until an all clear is given?
• How will building inspectors and other professionals be included in the process?
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
42
• All Utilities personnel should review current plans and/or protocols to ensure the areas listed below are
addressed.
• The Utilities branch may be composed of both public and private utilities organizations in the areas of
potable water, wastewater and sewage treatment, gas, and electricity. The branch may, of necessity,
coordinate extensively with the construction and engineering branch.
• What are the vulnerabilities for utilities?
• Do existing utilities procedures need to be modified to accommodate a tsunami scenario? If so, how
should they be modified?
• Do utilities field personnel need to receive any special instructions in the face of a potential tsunami
threat?
• What time-critical refresher training needs to occur in anticipation of an event?
• At what levels of the emergency response organization should there be utilities representation? Field
level incident command post? City EOC? OA EOC?
• What additional utility technical support teams will be required for a tsunami situation?
• Which utilities components need to be co-located with other disciplines for coordination purposes?
There are, For example, instances when utilities personnel may need to conduct joint activities with fire
and rescue personnel.
• Will the utilities branch need to request mutual aid to deal with the consequences of a tsunami event? If
so, what will be the source of this aid?
• Will the utilities branch need to establish significant logistical support for operations?
• How will utilities expand their operations to accommodate the emergency response?
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
43
Planning and Intelligence
There are at least two main areas to consider:
1) Threat analysis
2) Identification of gaps and shortfalls in plans and procedures.
Threat Analysis
Threat analysis can include human factors (deaths, injuries, sheltering needs, etc.), lifelines and
infrastructure (utilities, roads, bridges, etc.), and critical facilities (police and fire stations, schools,
hospitals, etc.).
Other possible areas to examine would be facilities such as transportation hubs and industrial facilities
with hazardous materials that are in the tsunami run-up zone. The Certified Unified Program Agency
(CUPA), for example, will be registering the facilities that are exposed to the tsunami threat.
Identification of Planning Gaps
After reviewing the items contained in this Planning Template section, answer the following questions:
• What needs to be done?
• What are the action items?
• Who needs to do them?
• What are the timelines?
• Does the local jurisdiction need an entirely new plan to address tsunami issues or can existing plans and
procedures be modified?
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
44
Logistics
As part of the planning process for the tsunami response, local government will probably identify support
requirements (supplies, services, equipment, facilities, etc.). Resources databases will also need to be identified,
developed, and maintained. Logistics planners will probably want to identify critical support operations, such as
computer operations, that must remain intact and functional during an event.
Support Requirements
The following questions should be considered when identifying support requirements:
• What assets do local jurisdictions have to deal with the tsunami threat?
• What do they think they might need to overcome shortfalls?
• Do local jurisdictions know how to access/request resources from other sources?
Resources Data Bases
Development and use of the appropriate databases will be essential to the response effort. Some questions
to consider:
• What resource databases exist? How does the local government access them?
• What inundation maps exist?
• What resources do they need to manage and how?
• Does the jurisdiction need to develop a tsunami specific resources database? What should be in this
database? Should its accessibility be restricted in some way?
Finance and Administration
Issues, which may need to be addressed, include continuity of operations, such as payroll processing, and tracking
the costs of an event.
Continuity of Operations
• What systems do local jurisdictions have for personnel tracking and payroll operations?
• What are the staff recall procedures?
• Will there need to be a set of recall procedures specific to tsunami response?
Cost Tracking
Like any other emergency response, local jurisdictions will want to track costs associated with a tsunami
response. Is there anything unique to tsunami response that will impact cost tracking procedures?
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
45
Training and Exercises
Training and exercises are a crucial component for a successful tsunami response program. There are several areas
which local jurisdictions may want to consider:
• Development of a “Tsunami Response Training Program”
• Existing training programs
• Tsunami Awareness Programs
• First Responder Training Exercise Program
Tsunami Response Training
The local jurisdiction may want to develop a comprehensive program, based upon its training needs
assessment. The program would include maintenance of training records.
Key questions to consider:
• What are our training needs?
• Can we identify our training needs?
• What do we need to do to meet our training needs?
Tsunami Awareness Programs
Questions to consider regarding tsunami awareness programs:
• Does the local jurisdiction need to develop and conduct a tsunami awareness program?
• Who should get the awareness training?
• Does the awareness training include a quick orientation module that personnel can take in anticipation
of a potential threat?
First Responder Training
Questions to consider:
• What First Responder Training already exists that can be used by the local jurisdiction?
• Where does the first responder training fit with other training elements?
• Does the jurisdiction need to develop first responder training?
• Does the jurisdiction need assistance in developing its training?
• What training needs to be implemented for dispatch centers? For fire and rescue? For EMS? For
HazMat? For law enforcement?
Exercises
What is the current exercise program? Can it be modified to accommodate tsunami concerns?
• Does the jurisdiction need to develop a separate exercise program for tsunami?
• Who should develop, conduct, and maintain the new tsunami response exercise program?
• Does the jurisdiction have the resources to conduct such exercises?
• What about funding for the program?
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
46
Appendix 4 Sample San Mateo County Plan
Sample San Mateo County Plan
Introduction
The phenomenon called "Tsunami" is a series of ocean waves of
extremely long length generated by earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, or massive undersea landslides.
As a tsunami crosses the deep ocean its length from crest to crest
may be a hundred miles and its height from trough to crest only a
few feet. Tsunamis may reach speeds of 600 miles per hour in
deep water.
Background
When the tsunami enters shallow coastal waters, its speed
decreases and the wave height increases. This creates the large
wave that becomes a threat to life and property. Following the
arrival of the first wave, subsequent waves may increase in height
and arrive minutes to hours later.
Although there are no known recorded deaths from tsunami action
in San Mateo County, it is probable that wave impact occurred in
1946, 1960, and 1964. In 1946 an earthquake in the Aleutian
Islands generated a tsunami that caused one death in Santa Clara
County. The resultant tsunami from the Alaskan earthquake of
1964 caused eleven deaths in Crescent City just south of the
Oregon border.
The USGS has produced a tsunami inundation area map based on
a 20-foot run-up along coastal areas and the Golden Gate. Such a
run-up is estimated to occur an average of once every 200 years.
The areas of the county that would be most heavily damaged by a
tsunami are those along the Northern San Mateo Pacific Coast;
Sharp Park State Beach, Rockaway Beach, and the Linda Mar
area. The degree of damage experienced by these areas would
depend on the local sea bottom and coastal topography as well as
the incoming direction of the tsunami.
Purpose
The overall purpose of this plan is to protect life and property of
the citizens of San Mateo County. Specific purposes of the plan
are:
• To establish a county-wide understanding of the special
operational concepts, organization, tasks, and coordinated
emergency actions of public agencies, utility districts, and other
organizations and institutions which would be involved in a
tsunami warning response.
• To provide for mobilization and direction of county and various
city emergency organizations in support of evacuation and
security operations.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
47
• To provide for the rapid deployment of mutual aid.
Activation
This plan becomes effective upon notification of a Tsunami Watch
or Warning issued by the National Weather Service, or on order of
the Area Coordinator of Emergency Services or County Director
of Emergency Services (County Manager). Any city may activate
this plan for areas under its incident command authority.
This plan establishes procedures for the evacuation and control
of the following areas at risk from tsunami (seismic sea wave)
action:
RISK AREA
INCIDENT COMMAND
Gray Whale Cove State Beach
Sheriff’s Office
Montara State Beach
Sheriff’s Office
Pillar Point Harbor (Maritime Area) Pillar Point Harbor District
Pillar Point Community
Sheriff’s Office
Half Moon Bay Beaches
Half Moon Bay PD
Concept of Operations In the event of a Tsunami Warning, population in the designated
risk areas will be warned and advised to move to temporary mass
care facilities. After general warning to the public, the highest
priority is alerting and moving institutional populations such as
schools, hospitals, and convalescent care facilities.
The public will be warned using the following methods:
• Emergency service units using PA systems
• Providing Leaflets door-to-door (Enclosures 4 and 5)
• Announcements on TCI Cable Company system (Enclosure 6)
• Announcements on Travelers Information Service and
Emergency Alert System
• Sounding of sirens (steady blast indicates peacetime emergency)
Each agency assigned Incident Command responsibilities will
control operations within its area of responsibility.
SEE COASTSIDE Tsunami CHECKLIST (ENCLOSURE 2) FOR
SPECIFIC ACTIONS REQUIRED IN THE EVENT OF A
WATCH, WARNING, OR OCCURANCE.
Traffic Control Points to restrict sightseer traffic to the coast will
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
48
be put into place as required (Enclosure 7).
This plan is consistent with the San Mateo Operational Area
Multi-Hazard Functional Plan. It contains information about
Relationship to authority, organization, and responsibilities of emergency services.
Other Plans
This plan outlines a broad response concept with attachments
showing more detailed information for each risk area.
Agencies and organizations with assigned response tasks should
develop specific response procedures and checklists to support this
plan.
After an area has been evacuated, police security set up
roadblocks, barricades, and/or a system of patrols.
Area Security
Area
Re-entry
Evacuated areas must remain closed to the public until after the
threat of a Tsunami no longer exists. The decision to allow reentry will be made by the risk area incident commander in
consultation with the appropriate EOC. Residents should enter
through control points to ensure that safety and sanitary
precautions are provided.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
49
ENCLOSURE 1
KEY PHONE LIST
Federal Agencies
Hawaii Tsunami Warning Center
National Weather Service, Redwood City
State Agencies
California State Warning Center
California OES Coastal Region
State Parks and Beaches Day Time Phone No
State Parks and Beaches 24 Hr Dispatch
California Highway Patrol, Redwood City Office
--Responsible for Highway Marker 3.700 (south of Devil’s Slide to Monterey County Line)
California Highway Patrol San Francisco Office
--Responsible for Highway Marker 3.700 (south of Devil’s Slide through Pacifica)
California Highway Patrol Area Dispatch Center
--Dispatches all area Highway Patrol vehicles
California Department of Parks and Recreation (24HR Dispatch)
County Agencies
Sheriff
San Mateo Area Office of Emergency Services
Office
Room B-1 EOC
Command Section
Operations Section
Logistics Section
(Message Center)
Pillar Point Harbor
Emergency Medical Services
Environmental Health
San Mateo Parks and Recreation
Fitzgerald Marine Reserve
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
50
ENCLOSURE 2
COASTSIDE TSUNAMI CHECKLIST
 Prepare Tsunami Information Statement to pass to public (Enclosure 6). Cable Television and
Emergency Alert Stations will pass information.
 Contact Westar Cable System Emergency Coordinator (name) to initiate Tsunami Warning
Video and messages on Channels 6, 17 and 28.
 Prepare written warnings for the general public (Enclosure 4 and 5).
 Prepare plans for evacuation of equipment away from inundation areas.
SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN BY EACH AGENCY UPON NOTIFICATION OF A
TSUNAMI WARNING, INDICATING THAT A TSUNAMI HAS BEEN DETECTED, AND
THAT WARNING AND EVACUATION OF THREATENED AREAS SHOULD BE
INITIATED.
 Complete all items on Tsunami Watch Checklist above.
 Initiate warning and evacuation of threatened areas.
 Confirm Tsunami Warning with American Red Cross. Confirm opening of shelters.
 Move equipment away from threatened areas.
 Maintain contact with the San Mateo Area OES to provide situation updates and coordinate
evacuation and road closures.
 Secure evacuated areas. Cordon off evacuated areas. Mark evacuated areas with placards.
 Maintain evacuation for a minimum period of two hours after arrival of last wave or
upon ALL CLEAR transmitted by San Mateo Area OES.
SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN BY EACH AGENCY IF TSUNAMI OCCURS AND
DAMAGE RESULTS
 Maintain full evacuation until minimum of two hours after arrival of last wave or upon ALL
CLEAR from San Mateo Area OES. Additional waves may occur.
 After a two-hour safety period, secure damaged areas from re-entry by non-residents and
property owners, emergency responders, and the press.
 Initiate windshield damage assessment. Compile Coastside Damage Assessment Report for
dissemination to San Mateo Area OES.
 Request San Mateo County Public & Environmental Health Departments inspect damaged areas
to ensure areas are safe for residents.
 Upon approval by County Health that areas are safe for resident re-entry, allow residents,
property owners, responders, the press, and other authorized individuals to enter area.
 Based on damage, consider Declaration of Emergency or Disaster.
 Establish response priorities and mutual aid requirements. Keep San Mateo Area OES up-todate on events in damaged areas.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
51
ENCLOSURE 3
SAMPLE BRIEFING FORMAT
We have been warned by the National Weather Service that a Tsunami, or seismic sea wave, (may
have) (has been) generated in the Pacific and may strike our coast. If a wave was generated, it will
arrive here at approximately ___________.
Tsunamis have done great damage on the California coast. The most recent one in 1964 killed 12
people in Crescent City. They were not evacuated in time or were allowed to return to the evacuated
area too soon. This tsunami also did damage in our area. A 1960 tsunami killed 61 in Hawaii and
damaged our coast.
Our responsibility is to warn everyone within the inundation area shown on the map on the back of
this briefing sheet, and to insure that special facilities in the risk area are evacuated. Temporary
staging areas are being established at the Farallone View Elementary School, LeConte and Kanoff in
Montara and Half Moon Bay High School on Lewis Foster Drive in Half Moon Bay. Information
will be given to you at these locations as to when or if American Red Cross Shelters will be opened
at these locations.
A tsunami is not a single wave, but a series of waves. Keep people out of the risk area until you are
advised that re-entry may begin. Waves may be as far apart as one hour and may be as high as
twenty feet on this section of coast.
Traffic Control Points may be set up at strategic locations to reduce traffic flow toward the coast. If
you are on a Traffic Control Point, you may allow the following people through after warning them
of the danger and expected time of arrival:
• residents who have a local address on their driver’s license
• boat owners who can give you either a berth or CF number
• commercial trucks enroute to non-affected areas
• emergency services personnel including Red Cross Volunteers enroute to support operations
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
52
ENCLOSURE 4
SAMPLE EVACUATION ORDER
We have been warned by the National weather Service that a tsunami, or seismic sea wave (may
have been) (has been) generated in the Pacific and may strike our coast. If a wave was generated, it
will arrive here at approximately ____________.
Under provisions of the Emergency Services Ordinance of the City of Half Moon Bay, I am ordering
all persons in the risk area to evacuate to either Farallone View Elementary School or Half Moon
Bay High School. Personnel evacuating from Point Montara, Princeton by the Sea, or El Granada
should evacuate to Farallone View Elementary School located at LeConte and Kanoff in Montara.
Personnel evacuating from Miramar, Highland Park, and Half Moon Bay should evacuate to Half
Moon Bay High School on Lewis Foster Drive. You should be able to return to your homes within
six hours. Security patrols will prevent anyone from entering the evacuated areas.
Tsunamis have done great damage on the California coast. The most recent one in 1964 killed 12
people in Crescent City. They were not evacuated in time or returned to the evacuated area before
the all-clear signal was given. This tsunami also did damage in our area. A 1960 tsunami killed 61 in
Hawaii six hours after a warning had been issued. Only those who ignored the warning were killed.
A tsunami is not a single wave but a series of waves. Stay out of the risk area until you are advised
that reentry may begin. Waves may be as far apart as one hour and up to twenty feet high on this part
of the coast.
There is no way to determine in advance the size of tsunamis in specific locations. A small tsunami
at one beach can be a giant wave a few miles away. Don't let the modest size of one make you lose
respect for all.
All tsunamis - like hurricanes - are potentially dangerous even though they may not strike each
coastline or do damage when they do strike.
Never go down to the beach to watch for a tsunami. The wave moves much faster than you can run.
Sooner or later, tsunamis visit every coastline in the Pacific. This means that Tsunami Warnings
apply to you if you live in any Pacific coastal area.
During this emergency, local police, fire, and emergency services officials are trying to save your
life. Give them your fullest cooperation.
______________________________
Chief of Police
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
53
ENCLOSURE 5
ADVERTENCIA PARA EVACUACION
Nos han advertido que un aguaje (maremoto) ha sido generado en el Oceano Pacifico y amenaza a
nuestra costa maritima, segun el servicio federal metereologico. Las olas llegeran aqui
aproximadamente a las [TIME OF ARRIVAL].
Se encuentra usted en una area de riesgo de aguaje o inunclacion? Esto significa que el fuerte oleaje
podria alcanzar o inundar esta area y se le advierte que para su seguridad abandone immediatamente
esta area y proceda a un lugar mas seguro hasta que las autoridades le informen que ha pasado el
peligro.
Se avisa a todos los residentes afectados alejarse del area y proceder a: Farallone View
Elementary School on LeConte y Kanoff en Montara or Half Moon Bay High on Lewis Drive en
Half Moon Bay. Por favor permanezcan en el lugar indicado hasta que las autoridades les informen
que pueden volver a sus hogares.
Maremotos han hecho muchos daños a la costa de California. En el mas reciente en 1964 perecieron
12 personas en Crescent que no se han evacuado a tiempo o que han vuelto al area evacuada antes
que las autoridades han dado la señal. Este maremoto tambien ha hecho daños en nuestra area. En
otro maremoto en 1961, 61 personas perecieron en Hawaii 6 horas despues de la advertencia.
Solamente perecieron los que han desconocido la advertencia.
Un aguaje no es una sola ola sino una serie de olas con fuerza mayor que ias las comunes. Esten
fuera del area de peligro hasta que las autoridades dicen que pueden volver. Las olas a veces se
separan hasta una hora, y pueden alcanzar hasta una altura de 20 pies (6 metros).
No se puede prevenir la altura de un maremoto en avance. Un pequeño maremoto en una playa
puede ser gigante en pocos kilometros de distancia. No pierden responcto por los maremotos cuando
uno es pequeno!
Todos los maremotos pueden ser peligrosos, aun cuando no tocan todas las areas de peligro y no
dañan todas las areas que tocan. Nunca se baja hasta la playa para observar un maremoto. Las olas
corren mucho mas rapido que nosotros.
Antes o despues, maremotos tocan todas las costas pacificas. Eso quiere decir que las advertencias
pueden occurir en todas las areas de la costa.
Durante estas emergencia, las autoridades de seguridad publica intentan protegerle. Por favor den su
cooperacion completa.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
54
ENCLOSURE 6
WESTAR CABLE WARNING MESSAGE
Westar Cable Company will place Tsunami Warning Messages on Channels 17 and 28 to warn
people in the danger zones to evacuate. Additionally, an OES Tsunami Warning Video may be
shown on Channel 6. Coordination for a tsunami message will be made through Mr./Ms ________ at
Westar Cable. After normal work hours, Mr./Ms__________ can be paged
at__________. Mr. Fischer will confirm the validity of the request for the tsunami tape by contacting
County Communications at ________, or the Office of Emergency Services at _____________.
The Following tape message will be played on Westar Cable Television Channels 17 and 28.
"A tsunami, or seismic sea wave, has been generated in the Pacific and may strike our coast. If the
wave was generated, it will arrive here at approximately ___________. All persons in risk areas (low
areas adjacent to the ocean) are ordered to evacuate to safe areas. Staging areas have been
established at the Farallone View Elementary School on LeConte and Kanoff in Montara or Half
Moon Bay High School on Lewis Drive in Half Moon Bay. You should be able to return to your
homes within six hours. Security patrols will prevent anyone from entering the evacuated areas.
Additional information is available on the Emergency Alert System. A tsunami information film is
being played on Channel 6 and will provide some useful information."
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
55
ENCLOSURE 7
TRAFFIC CLOSURE POINTS
Traffic Control Point Location
Responsible Agency
1 Palmetto at Westline-DC Line
Daly City PD
2. Highway 1 and Highway 35
SF CHP
3. Hickey Blvd./Highway 35
Daly City PD
4. Glencourt Way/Highway 35
South San Francisco PD
5. Manor Drive/Highway 35
South San Francisco PD
6. Sharp Park Rd/No Entry Rd
San Bruno PD
7. San Pedro and Devils Slide
Pacifica PD or CalTrans
8. Highway 92/Highway 35
RWC CHP
9. Tunitas Creek Rd/Highway 35
Hillsborough PD
10. Highway 84/Highway 35
San Carlos PD
11. Old LaHonda Rd/Highway 35
Menlo Park PD
12. Alpine Road/Highway 35
Sheriff’s Honor Camp
13. Highway 1 at Davenport
CHP
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
56
ENCLOSURE 8
REFERENCES
Abe, K., Tsunami Propagation in Rivers of the Japanese Islands, Continental Shelf Research,
Volume 5, Number 6, February 1986.
Ayre, R.S. with D.S. Mileti, Earthquake and Tsunami Hazards in the United States: A Research
Assessment , Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 1975.
Cox, D.C. and G. Pararas-Carayannis, Catalog of Tsunamis in Alaska, Environmental Data Service,
Boulder, CO, March 1976.
Garcia, A.W. and J.R. Houston, Flood Insurance Study: Tsunami Predictions for Monterey and San
Francisco Bays and Sound, Technical Report H-74-3, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment
Station, Vicksburg, MS, May 1974.
Houston, J.R. and A.W. Garcia, Flood Insurance Study: Tsunami Predictions for Pacific Coastal
Communities, Technical Report H-74-3. US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, MS, May 1974.
Houston, J.R., R.W. Whalin, A.W. Garcia, and H.L. Butler, Effect of Source Orientation and
Location in the Aleutian Trench on Tsunami Amplitude Along the Pacific Coast of the Continental
United States, Technical Report H-75-4, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, MS, July 1975.
Lida, K., D.C. Cox, and G. Pararas-Carayannis Preliminary Catalog of Tsunamis Occurring in the
Pacific Ocean, HIG 67-10, Data Report Number 5, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, University of
Hawaii, Honolulu, August 1967.
Kowalik, Z., "Computation of Tsunami Amplitudes Resulting from a Predicted Major Earthquake in
the Shumagin Seismic Gap", Geophysical Research Letters, Volume 11, Number 12, December
1984.
McCulloch, D.S., "Evaluating Tsunami Potential", US Geological Survey Professional Paper 1360,
1985.
Murty, T.S., Seismic Sea Waves: Tsunamis, Bulletin 198, Department of Fisheries and the
Environment, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1977.
Pararas-Carayannis, G., Catalog of Tsunamis in Hawaii, Environmental Data Service, Boulder. CO.
March 1977.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
57
San Mateo County Planning Department, San Mateo County Seismic Safety Element of the General
Plan and Hazard Synthesis Maps, 1976.
Sokolowski, T.J., "The Alaska Tsunami Warning Center's Responsibilities and Operations", Science
of Tsunami Hazard, Volume 3, Number 1, December 1985.
Soloviev, S.L., and Ch. N. Go, Catalogue of Tsunamis on the Western Shore of the Pacific Ocean,
(Canadian translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Science - Number 5077), Canada Institute for
Scientific and Technical Information, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1984.
Soloviev, S.L., and Ch.N. Go, Catalogue of Tsunamis on the Eastern Shore of the Pacific Ocean,
(Canadian translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Science - Number 5078), Canada Institute for
Scientific and Technical Information, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1984.
Steinbrugge, KV., Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis: An Anatomy of Hazards, Skandia
America Group, New York, NY, 1982.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
58
TSUNAMI WATCH CHECKLIST
SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN BY EACH AGENCY UPON NOTIFICATION OF
TSUNAMI WATCH INDICATING THAT A TSUNAMI MAY OCCUR.
ALL PREPARATIONS FOR WARNING AND EVACUATION ARE PLACED ON HOLD
UNTIL A TSUNAMI WARNING IS RECEIVED.
 Upon notification of a Tsunami Watch, initiate recall of OES personnel and activate the Area
OES office Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The OES office EOC will be used as the initial
EOC for short period responses. If time permits, and if directed by the Area Coordinator, or if a
tsunami occurs, the full scale EOC will be activated.
 Establish and maintain a Tsunami Master Log of all key information, contacts, actions taken,
and related information. Information in log should include time of event and point of contact (with
phone number).
 Assemble available information on Tsunami Watch. Sources of Information:
• California State Warning Center
• California Coastal Region OES
• National Weather Service, Redwood City
• Alaska Tsunami Warning Center
• Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
 Senior OES representative determines recommended initial course of action for jurisdictions
and agencies.
 Conduct briefings for key personnel at Area OES or city EOCs as appropriate.
 Assign off-duty San Mateo Area OES personnel as follows:
 Area Coordinator and Assistant Area Coordinator to Redwood City
 Public Information Officer to Redwood City
 District Administrators (one each) to Pacifica and Half Moon Bay
 Confirm that coastal communities and key agencies have received Tsunami Watch information
and have established procedures for evacuation of endangered areas. Relay to the communities and
agencies the recommended initial course of action and Area OES Point of Contact/phone number.
NOTE: Public Safety Communications is responsible to provide an initial alert to all affected
jurisdictions and agencies.
Community
Agency
Phone Numbers
Pacifica
City Manager
Pacifica Police Dept
Pacifica Dispatch
City Manager
Police Department
Police Department
Through County Dispatch
After normal hours
Half Moon Bay/
Coastside
After normal hours
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
59
TSUNAMI WATCH CHECKLIST contd.
Community
Agency
Pescadero
CDF
CDF Felton
24 Hr Hot Line
Fire Department
Pt Montire FD
Sheriff’s Office
On Call Coordinator
California Highway Patrol
24 Hr Hot Line
Pillar Point Harbor Master
After normal hours
Point Montara
After normal hours
San Mateo
After normal hours
Phone Numbers
Through County Dispatch
MCW 249
Through County Dispatch
Emergency Medical Services
After normal hours
Environmental Health
After normal hours
California State Beaches
24 Hour Dispatch
Seton Coastside Hospital
Seton Hospital
OES Coastal Region
 Alert American Red Cross (phone number) for possible opening of staging areas/shelters. The
designated shelters are:
- Terra Nova High School for Sharp Park / Fairway Park, Rockaway Beach, and Linda Mar/ Shelter
Cove
- Farallone View Elementary for the El Granada, Princeton by the Sea, Moss Beach, and Montara
areas
- Half Moon Bay High School for the Miramar, Highland Park, Half Moon Bay, and Martin's Beach
areas
- Pescadero High School for the Pescadero Area, San Gregorio, Franklin Point, and Ano Nuevo
beach areas.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
60
TSUNAMI WATCH CHECKLIST contd

Contact local press and provide brief on situation and area response:
Name
Bay City News (RWC)
Bay City News (SF)
Press Room
San Mateo Times
San Francisco Chronicle



Phone Numbers
Establish public information center and refer calls to the center.
Monitor tide gauges via Weather Alert system.
Advise managers of actions taken or underway:
Name (County)
Name (Half Moon Bay)
Name (Pacifica)
Phone Numbers
 UPDATE JURISDICTIONS AT 30 MINUTE INTERVALS OR IMMEDIATELY UPON
RECEIPT OF TIME SENSITIVE INFORMATION.
 Offer use of mobile command post.
 On termination of incident, notify all agencies previously alerted.
 In coordination with Coastside and Pacifica Directors of Emergency Services, prepare tsunami
information statement for public (ATTACHMENT B). Information will be passed by Cable
Television and Emergency Alert Stations.
 If requested by Director of Emergency Services at the Coastside EOC, contact Westar Cable
System Emergency Coordinator (wk / hm) to prepare to initiate
 Tsunami Warning Video and messages on Channel 17.
 If requested by Director of Emergency Services at the Pacifica EOC, contact TCI Cable System
Emergency Coordinator (PH, or after normal working hours, HM) to initiate Tsunami Warning
Video and messages on Channel 08.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
61
TSUNAMI WARNING CHECKLIST
SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN BY EACH AGENCY UPON NOTIFICATION OF
TSUNAMI WARNING INDICATING THAT A TSUNAMI HAS BEEN DETECTED AND
THAT WARNING AND EVACUATION OF THREATENED AREAS MAY BE INITIATED.
NOTE: INDIVIDUAL JURISDICTIONS RETAIN AUTHORITY TO EVACUATE THEIR
AREAS.
 Upon notification of a Tsunami Warning, initiate recall of Area OES response personnel and
activate the Area OES Office Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The OES Office EOC will be
used as the initial EOC for short period responses. If time permits, and if directed by the Area
Coordinator, or if a tsunami occurs, the full scale San Mateo Area EOC will be activated.
OES Office
All Personnel
Room 308
EOC
Command
Operations
Room B1
Command
EOC
Message Center
Phone Numbers
Operations/Logistics
Planning
 Establish and maintain a Tsunami Master Log of all key information, contacts, actions taken,
and related information. Information in log should include time of event and point of contact (with
phone number).

Assemble information on warning initial information. Sources of Information:
-California State Warning Center
-California Coastal Region OES
-National Weather Service, Redwood City
-West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center
-Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
(916) 845-8911
(510) 286-0895
(650) 364-4610
(907) 745-4212
(907) 694-2698
(808) 689-8207
(808) 689-6655
 Senior Area OES representative determines recommended initial course of action to pass to
jurisdictions and agencies. Direct coordination with jurisdiction's Directors of Emergency Services
recommended for evacuations.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
62
TSUNAMI WARNING CHECKLIST contd.

Conduct briefings upon arrival of key personnel at Area OES or city EOCs as appropriate.

Assign off-duty San Mateo Area OES personnel as follows:
Area Coordinator and Assistant Area Coordinator to Redwood City
Public Information Officer to Redwood City
District Administrators (one each) to Pacifica and Half Moon Bay
 Confirm that coastal communities and key agencies have received Tsunami Warning
information and have established procedures for evacuation of endangered areas. Relay to the
communities and agencies the recommended initial course of action and Area OES Point of
Contact/phone number. NOTE: Public Safety Communications is responsible to provide an initial
alert to all affected jurisdictions and agencies.
Community
Agency
Pacifica
City Manager
Pacifica Police Dept
Pacifica Dispatch
City Manager
Police Department
Police Department
CDF
CDF Felton
24 Hr Hot Line
Fire Department
Pt Montire FD
Sheriff’s Office
On Call Coordinator
California Highway Patrol
24 Hr Hot Line
Pillar Point Harbor Master
After normal hours
Half Moon Bay/
Coastside
After normal hours
Pescadero
After normal hours
Point Montara
After normal hours
San Mateo
After normal hours
Phone Numbers
Through County Dispatch
Through County Dispatch
MCW 249
Through County Dispatch
Emergency Medical Services
After normal hours
Environmental Health
After normal hours
California State Beaches
24 Hour Dispatch
Seton Coastside Hospital
Seton Hospital
OES Coastal Region
TSUNAMI WARNING CHECKLIST contd.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
63
 Alert American Red Cross (259-1750 or 202-0600) for opening of staging areas/shelters. The
designated shelters are:
- Terra Nova High School for Sharp Park / Fairway Park, Rockaway Beach, and Linda Mar/
Shelter Cove
- Farallone View Elementary for the El Granada, Princeton by the Sea, Moss Beach, and
Montara areas
- Half Moon Bay High School for the Miramar, Highland Park, Half Moon Bay, and Martin's
Beach areas
- Pescadero High School for the Pescadero Area, San Gregorio, Franklin Point, and Ano
Nuevo beach areas.

Contact local press and provide brief on situation and area response:
Name
Bay City News (RWC)
Bay City News (SF)
Press Room
San Mateo Times
San Francisco Chronicle
Phone Numbers
 Establish public information center and refer calls (SOP 2.9).
 Monitor evacuations and provide assistance to jurisdictions as required. Advise jurisdictions and
agencies that evacuations should be maintained until a minimum of two hours after the last wave has
arrived.
 Monitor tide gauges via Weather Alert system.
 Advise managers of actions taken or underway:
Name (County)
Name (Half Moon Bay)
Name (Pacifica)
Phone Numbers
 UPDATE JURISDICTIONS AT 30 MINUTE INTERVALS OR IMMEDIATELY UPON
RECEIPT OF TIME SENSITIVE INFORMATION.
 Offer use of mobile command post.
 On termination of incident, notify all agencies previously alerted.
 In coordination with Coastside and Pacifica Directors of Emergency Services prepare tsunami
information statement for the public. Cable Television and Emergency Broadcast Stations will pass
information.
TSUNAMI WARNING CHECKLIST contd
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
64
 If requested by Director of Emergency Services at the Coastside EOC contact Westar Cable
System Emergency Coordinator (wk hm.) to prepare to initiate Tsunami Warning Video and
messages on Channel 17.
 If requested by Director of Emergency Services at the Pacifica EOC contact TCI Cable System
Emergency Coordinator (PH, or after normal working hours, HM) to initiate Tsunami Warning
Video and messages on Channel 08.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
65
TSUNAMI OCCURRENCE CHECKLIST
SPECIFIC ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN BY EACH AGENCY IF A TSUNAMI
OCCURS AND DAMAGE RESULTS
Advise jurisdictions to maintain full evacuation until minimum of two hours after
arrival of last wave or upon ALL CLEAR. Additional waves may occur.

Request jurisdictions initiate windshield damage assessment. Compile area wide
Damage Assessment Report for dissemination to the Area Director of Emergency
Services, OES Coastal Region, and State.


Prepare for major PIO effort to disseminate information to public about event.
Request County Public & Environmental Health departments inspect damaged areas
to ensure they are safe for residents.


Based on damage, consider San Mateo County Declaration of Emergency or Disaster.
Establish response priorities and mutual aid requirements. Keep Coastal Region and
State OES up-to-date on events in damaged areas.

Activation, documentation, communication, and requests for assistance shall be in
conformance with SEMS utilizing RIMS.

OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
66
TSUNAMI PROCEDURE
1.10.1 GENERAL
The coastal area and the baylands of San Mateo County are vulnerable to tsunami flooding
when earthquakes occur in or around the Pacific Basin. To provide early warning of such
waves, the National Warning System (NAWAS) has two major monitoring stations:
- The West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (Palmer, Alaska) is responsible for
reporting seismic movement along the North American Coast from the Aleutian Islands south
through Baja California.
- The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (Honolulu, Hawaii) is responsible for reporting
seismic movement within the rest of the Pacific Ocean and coastal regions.
This plan describes actions to be taken by coastside and county agencies upon notification of
a Tsunami Watch or Warning. Fourteen areas with potential flooding problems have been
included in this plan. The areas threatened extend from Sharp Park State Beach in the north
to Ano Nuevo Point in the south. They include portions of the communities of Pacifica,
Montara, Moss Beach, Princeton by the Sea, Miramar, Half Moon Bay, Pescadero, and state
beach areas.
1.10.2 ASSUMPTIONS
The plan is based on the following assumptions:
• The tsunami threat in San Mateo county may be caused by a seismic event far from
California. A locally generated tsunami is unlikely.
• At least three to four hours warning time will be available to warn the public, evacuate
sensitive facilities, establish temporary shelters, and secure the coast area.
• After the arrival of the first wave, waves may continue to arrive at intervals for several
hours. Risk areas can be reopened two hours after the last observed wave, or two hours after
the Expected Time of Arrival (ETA) has passed without a wave coming ashore.
• Maximum wave height expected in this area is approximately 20 feet. This can vary
considerably from one location to another.
• Withdrawal of the sea may be a precursor to arrival of the wave.
• Intervals between successive major waves may be similar. If the second wave arrives 20
minutes after first, it is likely that a third wave (if there is one) would arrive 20 minutes after
the second.
• The first wave may not be the largest. The largest wave usually occurs within the first ten
waves.
• Watch is an announcement by the National Weather Service that a seismic event has
occurred in the Pacific and may have caused a tsunami.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
67
• Warning is an announcement that a tsunami has been detected. Warning will be given if a
wave is detected anywhere in the Pacific basin.
The coordination and response actions by involved agencies and jurisdictions shall be
organized under the structure of the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)
and Incident Command System (ICS).
The inundation map for each tsunami-threatened area shows the maximum potential flood
from tsunami action based on the Seismic Safety Element Geotechnical Hazard Synthesis
maps of the County General Plan, or more current information.
Within the inundation area, special institutions such as schools, hospitals, and nursing homes
are identified. Special procedures for warning, evacuation, and care of occupants should be
arranged by the local agency with incident command authority.
1.10.3 ALERT SITUATIONS
DUMMY
An unscheduled "test" message to determine time required for disseminating messages.
WATCH
A Tsunami Watch message is generated in one of two ways based on earthquake location:
• West Coast/Alaska Warning Center detects an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.5 or
greater generated along the North American Continent with a possible seismic sea wave with
an arrival time of greater than three hours
• Pacific Tsunami Warning Center detects an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 or greater in the
Pacific Basin with a possible seismic wave arrival time of greater than four hours
WARNING
A Tsunami Warning message is generated in one of two ways based on earthquake location:
• West Coast/Alaska Warning Station detects an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 or greater
along the North American Continent that may have generated a seismic sea wave with an
arrival time of less than three hours
• Pacific Tsunami Warning Center detects an earthquake of 6.5 magnitude or greater in the
Pacific Basin and a tsunami has been generated with an arrival time to be reported.
CANCELLATION
A cancellation message will be sent when all danger of seismic sea wave has passed.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
68
1.10.4 SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES
Area Coordinator and Assistant Area Coordinator
- Collect and interpret tsunami messages (ATTACHMENT A)
- Coordinate and disseminate area-wide response with jurisdictions and agencies
- Ensure watch/warning information is provided to media and public ASAP
- Designate facility for emergency operations for concerned agencies
- Maintain liaison with State OES for rapid access to mutual aid
- Prepare final report or memorandum at cancellation or end of event
- Review supplemental information (ATTACHMENTS)
Public Information Officer
- Maintain liaison with media and prepare news releases (ATTACHMENT B)
- Prepare and send EAS message(s) as required
- Send watch/warning/cancellation messages to appropriate agencies (ATTACHMENTS C,
D, E)
- Establish OES public information phone-in line and provide periodic or as required updates
to recorded message
- Disseminate OES public information phone number to jurisdictions and news media
- Review supplemental information (ATTACHMENTS)
District Administrators
- Recommend city EOC activation and disaster declaration as required
- Coordinate city EOC operations as directed
- Record damage assessment information
- Review supplemental information (ATTACHMENTS)
HazMat Specialist
- Analyze affected cities for potential HazMat incidents
- Assist with any HazMat mitigation efforts before tsunami arrival
- Respond to HazMat incidents if required
- Assist in city/Area EOC with HazMat response as required
- Review supplemental information (ATTACHMENTS)
ATTACHMENTS
A. Pre-Watch/Watch Message
B. Sample News Release (English and Spanish)
C. Tsunami Watch Message
D. Tsunami Warning Message
E. Tsunami Cancellation Message
F. Agencies Concerned with Tsunamis
G. Incident Command Responsibilities
H. Tsunami Time Curves (and Time-Conversion Table)
I. Tsunami Warning Video Tape Distribution
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
69
ATTACHMENT A
PRE-WATCH/WATCH MESSAGE
Information regarding seismic movement and the possible generation of seismic sea waves is
collected from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Station at Honolulu, Hawaii (HO) and the West
Coast/Alaska Warning Station at Palmer, Alaska (AL). The reports contain the following elements:
SAMPLE MESSAGE
1. From Alaska Warning Station
2. To Office of Emergency Services
3. Pacific Coastal Earthquake 081527 GMT
4. Region - Prince William Sound, Alaska
5. 8.4
6. Johnson, Palmer Observatory
Lines 1 - 2
Self-explanatory
Line 3
Refers to the arrival time of ground-transmitted seismic waves (NOT tsunami or tidal
waves) in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT or "Zulu") at the Palmer Observatory.
Convert to local time using ATTACHMENT H.
In the Sample Message "08" is the hour; “15" stands for minutes after the hour; and
"27” stands for seconds.
Line 4
Indicates the general location of the earthquake. Sometimes only a general direction
or approximate mileage will be given.
Line 5
Gives the magnitude of the earthquake on the Richter Scale.
Line 6
Provides the name of employee sending the report.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
70
ATTACHMENT B
SAMPLE NEWS RELEASE (ENGLISH)
According to the (West Coast/Alaska-Pacific) Tsunami Warning Center, a severe earthquake has
been generated at (location) at (time). The earthquake was measured at (Magnitude) on the Richter
Scale. It is (known/not known) at this time (that/if) a tsunami has been generated. If a tsunami has, in
fact, been generated, the wave heights cannot be accurately predicted; however, the tsunami waves
could cause great damage to coastal cities and communities.
Residents of affected areas are urged to keep tuned to your local Emergency Alert System station
(KNBR 680; KGO 810; KCBS 740) for further information. People should stay away from low lying
coastal areas until further notice. A tsunami is a series of waves and may be dangerous for several
hours after the initial wave arrives at any particular point.
SAMPLE NEWS RELEASE (SPANISH)
ADVERTENCIA
Un aguaje (maremoto) ha sido generado en el Oceano Pacifico y amenaza a nuestra costa maritima.
Se avisa a todos los residentes afectados alejarse del area y proceder a:
_________________________________________________________________________
(Enter name and address of mass care shelter)
Por favor permanezcan en el lugar indicado hasta que las autoridades les informen que pueden
volver a sus hogares.
Un aguaje no es una sola ola sino una serie de olas con fuerza mayor que las olas comunes. En 1964,
12 personas perecieron en un aguaje en Crescent City, California y otras 61 personas perecieron en
Hawaii durante el aguaje de 1961. En nuestra costa las olas de un aguaje pueden alcanzar hasta una
altura de 20 pies (6 metros).
Se encuentra usted en una area de riesgo de aguaje o inundacion? Esto significa que el fuerte oleaje
podria alcanzar o inundar esta area y se le advierte que para su seguridad abandone immediatamente
esta area y proceda a un lugar mas seguro hasta que los autoridades le informe que ha pasado el
peligro.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
71
ATTACHMENT C
TSUNAMI WATCH MESSAGE
TSUNAMI/SEISMIC SEA WAVE WATCH
For information to all Sheriffs, Police Chiefs, California Highway Patrol, and Emergency Services
Directors of coastal cites:
A severe earthquake has occurred at_______________________________(location). It is not
known, repeat, not known at this time that a tsunami has been generated. You will be kept informed
as further information becomes available.
Additional Information
Earthquake Location:____________________________
Latitude:____________________ Longitude:______________________
Vicinity of:________________________________________
Time:________PST or PDT Date:_____________
Magnitude:_______________________
Tidal Gauge Stations at_____________and__________________have been queried.
ETA information (if wave is generated) is as follows:
San Mateo Coast_________________AM/ PM (TIME)
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
72
ATTACHMENT D
TSUNAMI WARNING MESSAGE
TSUNAMI/SEISMIC SEA WAVE WARNING
For information to all Sheriffs, Police Chiefs, California Highway Patrol, and Emergency Services
Directors of coastal cities:
A severe earthquake has occurred at_______________________________(location). A tsunami has
been generated which is spreading over the Pacific Ocean. Wave heights cannot be predicted. The
tsunami may cause great damage to coastal cities in the Pacific area.
Wave heights (these are not necessarily maximum) have been reported to (Alaska/ Hawaii) as
follows:
Place
Height
__________
____________
__________
____________
__________
____________
You will be kept informed as further information becomes available.
Additional Information
Earthquake Location:____________________________
Latitude:____________________ Longitude:______________________
Vicinity of:________________________________________
Time:________PST or PDT Date:_____________
Magnitude:_______________________
Tidal Gauge Stations at_____________and__________________have been queried.
ETA information (if wave is generated) is as follows:
San Mateo Coast_________________AM/ PM (TIME)
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
73
ATTACHMENT E
TSUNAMI CANCELLATION MESSAGE
TSUNAMI SEISMIC SEA WAVE CANCELLATION
For information to all Sheriffs, Police Chiefs, California Highway Patrol, and Emergency Services
Directors of coastal cities:
No tsunami reports have been received. No tsunami/seismic sea wave has been generated.
Warning/Watch status is canceled. All agencies assume all clear upon receipt of this message.
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
74
ATTACHMENT F
AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH TSUNAMIS
Federal Agencies
West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
National Weather Service, Monterey
Phone Numbers
State Agencies
Phone Numbers
California State Warning Center
California Coastal Region OES
State Parks and Beaches Day Time Phone No.
State Parks and Beaches, 24 Hr Dispatch
California Department of Forestry
Microwave 311
California Highway Patrol Redwood City Office (Responsible for Highway Marker 3.700 (south
California Highway Patrol San Francisco Office (Responsible for Highway Marker 3.700 (south of
Devil’s Slide) through Pacifica) Devil’s Slide) to Monterey County Line)
California Highway Patrol Area Dispatch Center (Dispatches all area Highway Patrol vehicles)
California Department of Parks and Recreation (24HR Dispatch)
County Agencies
Sheriff
Phone Numbers
San Mateo Area Office of Emergency Services
Office
Room B-1 EOC
Command Section
Operations Section
Logistics Section
(Message Center)
Pillar Point Harbor Patrol
Emergency Medical Services
National Weather Service, Monterey
Environmental Health
San Mateo Parks and Recreation
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
75
Cities and Coastal Communities
Phone Numbers
Half Moon Bay
Manager
Police
Police (24 HR Dispatch)
Fire
Coastside Opportunity Ctr
Cabrillo School District
Half Moon Bay High School
Farallone View
Elementary School
Pacifica
Manager
Police
Fire
EOC
Pescadero
La Honda-Pescadero
Unified School District
Pescadero High School
CDF
CDF Felton
Point Montara Fire
Pillar Point Harbor
Harbor Master
Robert McMahon
Other Agencies
Phone Numbers
American National Red Cross
Seton Coastside Hospital
Other Tsunami-Prone Areas
Phone Number
Crescent City
Eureka
Santa Cruz
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
76
ATTACHMENT G
INCIDENT COMMAND RESPONSIBILITIES
Risk Area
Incident Command
1 Sharp Park
Pacifica PD
2. Rockaway Beach
Pacifica PD
3. Linda Mar
Pacifica PD
4. Gray Whale Cove
State Beach Sheriff’s Office
5. Montara State Beach
Sheriff’s Office
6. Princeton by the Sea
Sheriff’s Office
7. Pillar Point Harbor (Maritime Area)
Pillar Point Harbor Master
8. Half Moon Bay State Beaches
California State Parks
9. Half Moon Bay residential areas
Half Moon Bay Police Dept
10. Martins Beach
Sheriff’s Office
11. San Gregorio Beach
State Parks
12. Pescadero
Sheriff’s Office
13. Franklin Point
California State Parks
14. Ano Nuevo Point
California State Parks
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
77
ATTACHMENT H
TSUNAMI TIME CURVES
CONVERSION TO/FROM GREENWICH MEAN TIME
Zone
Place
Time ________________________
R (Romeo)
Washington
EST 0100 0400 0700 1000 1300 1600 1900 2200
S (Sierra)
Chicago
CST 2400 0200 0500 0800 1100 1400 1800 2100
T (Tango)
Denver
MST 2300 0300 0600 0900 1200 1500 1700 2000
U (Uniform)
San Francisco
PST 2200 0100 0400 0700 1000 1300 1600 1900
V (Victor)
Dawson
2100 2400 0300 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800
W (Whiskey)
Anchorage
or Honolulu
2000 2300 0200 0500 0800 1100 1400 1700
Z (Zulu)
England
GMT 0600 0900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 0300
OES Local Planning Guidance on Tsunami Response
78
SAMPLE SANTA LUISA DEL MAR CITY PLAN DELETED FOR COMPLETE DOCUMENT, PLEASE CONTACT ITIC [email protected] Sample Indonesia Generic Template
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR
LOCALLY GENERATED TSUNAMI AND EARTHQUAKE
I. Purpose: To provide procedural guidance and action steps to be followed in
responding to a TSUNAMI WARNING/ADVISORY BULLETIN due to a local
tsunami and earthquake event.
II. Concept of Operations: A TSUNAMI WARNING/ADVISORY BULLETIN,
issued by the Indonesian Tsunami Warning Center at the Meteorological and
Geophysical Agency (BMG), means that a major earthquake has occurred
that is capable of causing a tsunami. BMG will issue a Tsunami
Warning/Advisory Bulletin when a strong earthquake occurs in the ocean,
near the coastline. Those coastal areas designated within the Tsunami
Warning/Advisory will immediately begin the coastal evacuation
processes. Tsunami waves in designated coastal areas can come ashore
within minutes to tens of minutes, after earthquake ground shaking.
Designated Tsunami Warning/Advisory coastal impact areas are to activate
their local emergency and coastal evacuation plans. Sirens and other public
alarms will be urgently initiated, and emergency public evacuation
notifications will be issued. These actions are taken immediately regardless
of the time of day since the danger of tsunami is imminent.
An EARTHQUAKE BULLETIN is issued by BMG in the incident of an
earthquake ground shaking event with no expected tsunami generation.
The media is simultaneously receiving information on the above events.
Public inquiries will begin to be received.
III. BMG Tsunami Warning/Advisory Bulletin Types:
1.
Warning/Advisory – Only warning/advisory conditions and their
corresponding coastal areas are stated in the initial bulletin. No other
information, such as hypocentral parameters, is necessary for this
initial message to emergency authorities. Warning means that
evacuation is necessary for residents in “evacuation/inundation
zones” designated by local governments in advance. Advisory means
that people on the beach or swimming should move to higher ground
and avoid beachfront area. The intent is to have the message be
clear, concise, and easy to interpret for fast action.
2. Warning/Advisory with Information – Information including
hypocentral parameters, magnitudes, estimated tsunami heights and
travel times to supplement 1. This will be further supplemented with
any sea-level observations in subsequent bulletins.
3. Warning/Advisory (Upgrade/Downgrade) – In the case where
evidence suggest that the tsunami may be dangerous outside the
originally forecast warning areas, or conversely, much smaller in the
Tsunami Warning Checklist
ITIC, May 2008
4.
IIIV.
warning area, it will be necessary to expand/contract
(upgrade/downgrade) the warning/advisory area. The bulletin should
contain language indicating that warning/advisory areas have been
revised (upgrade or downgrade).
Cancellation – Issued in the case where no tsunami was generated or
observed wave heights have diminished to acceptable levels.
Immediate Organizational Actions
[ ] A. BMG issues Tsunami Warning/Advisory Bulletin due to a local
earthquake event. BMG Bulletins are received on a 24/7 basis at
(Name of Organization).
[ ] B. (Name of organization) initiates a public coastal evacuation
notification message to radio and television stations. Repeat
transmitting the message continuously until cancellation of the
Tsunami Warning/Advisory.
[ ] C. (Name or organization) will immediately sound sirens and public
alarms / loudspeakers in designated Warning /Advisory coastal
areas. Sirens will initially sound for a continuous x-minute period.
(Name or organization) have the option of repeating the siren
sounding pattern.
[ ] D. Confirm Television and Radio stations are rebroadcasting the
public coastal evacuation announcement until the warning/advisory
is cancelled.
Tsunami Warning Checklist
ITIC, May 2008
Appendix 2 – DRAFT SOP
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP) TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING
SYSTEM OF PROVINSI NANGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM
After intense earthquakes:
Minutes
0:immediately
after strong
earthquake
1-5
Activities
Inform the people to be prepared and
out of building to particular secured
location
Institution in charge
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
station),Military (Army, Navy, Air
Force) and Police, SATKORLAK,
(SATLAK, SATGAS), ORARI,
RAPI, PMI, TAGANA, Gampong
and Mukim Institution, SATPOL
PP, WH
Ship and boat on the beach stay away
from the beach edge
Harbour Administrator, Maritime
Police, Panglima Laot, Navy,
Beach Radio, RAPI
Monitor the sea water situation
Wait and receive information and
communication from BMG
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
station),Military (Army, Navy, Air
Force) and Police, SATKORLAK,
(SATLAK, SATGAS), ORARI,
RAPI, PMI, TAGANA, Gampong
and Mukim Institution, SATPOL
PP, WH
If Bulletin 1 BMG consists of :
A. The earthquake is not possible to become Tsunami
Minutes
6
Activities
Inform the people that the earthquake is
not possible to become tsunami and they
may go back to their home or their place
Institution in charge
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
station), Military (Army, Navy,
Air Force) and Police,
SATKORLAK, (SATLAK,
SATGAS), ORARI, RAPI, PMI,
TAGANA, Gampong and
Mukim Institution, SATPOL PP,
WH
13
If Bulletin 1 BMG consists of:
B. Earthquake with Tsunami (advisory)
Minutes
6
Activities
Inform the community to stay away from
the beach, reach the higher and safe place
as the earthquake has possibility to
become tsunami
Secure the route to evacuation place
Prepare and open the evacuation place
Institution in charge
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
station), Military (Army, Navy,
Air Force) and Police,
SATKORLAK, (SATLAK,
SATGAS), ORARI, RAPI, PMI,
TAGANA, Gampong and
Mukim Institution, SATPOL PP,
WH
Military (Army, Navy and
AirForce) and Police, DISHUB
DINSOS, PMI, SAR,
SATKORLAK, Military (Army,
Navy, Air Force) and Police
If Bulletin 1 BMG consists of:
C. Earthquake with positive possibility to become Tsunami (Warning)
Minutes
6-15
Activities
Inform the community to stay away
from the beach to proceed to evacuation
places through designated routes
Institution in charge
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
station),Military (Army, Navy, Air
Force) and Police, SATKORLAK,
(SATLAK, SATGAS), ORARI,
RAPI, PMI, TAGANA, Gampong
and Mukim Institution, SATPOL
PP, WH
Secure/ manage the routes to evacuation Military (Army, Navy, AirForce)
places
and Police, SATKORLAK,
(SATLAK, SATGAS), ORARI,
RAPI, PMI, SATPOL PP
Direct and bring the people to
Military (Army, Navy, AirForce)
evacuation places
and Police, SATKORLAK,
(SATLAK, SATGAS), ORARI,
Ring the siren and other warning sign
RAPI, PMI, TAGANA, SAR,
devices
Gampong dan Mukim institution,
SATPOL PP
Receive second information from BMG Radio Station, (RRI dan
that tsunami will come
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
14
station),Military (Army, Navy,
AirForce) and Police,
SATKORLAK, (SATLAK,
SATGAS), ORARI, RAPI, PMI,
TAGANA, Gampong and Mukim
Institution, SATPOL PP, WH
Minutes
16-40
Activities
If Tsunami comes
Inform the people to stay in evacuation
places
Receive the third information from
BMG that Tsunami has come to .......
Location which is not affected by
Tsunami
Inform the people that they can go back
to their home/place
Location which is devastated by
Tsunami
Inform the people to stay in evacuation
places
41-60
Receive the fourth information from
BMG that tsunami has ended
>60
Search and save the victims (the
Institution in charge
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
station), Military (Army, Navy,
AirForce) and Police,
SATKORLAK, (SATLAK,
SATGAS), ORARI, RAPI, PMI,
TAGANA, Gampong and Mukim
institution, SATPOL PP, WH
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
station),Military (Army, Navy,
AirForce) and Police,
SATKORLAK, (SATLAK,
SATGAS), ORARI, RAPI, PMI,
TAGANA, Gampong and Mukim
Institution, SATPOL PP
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
station), Military (Army, Navy,
AirForce) and Police,
SATKORLAK, (SATLAK,
SATGAS), ORARI, RAPI, PMI,
TAGANA, Gampong and Mukim
institution, SATPOL PP
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV Station
(TVRI dan Commercial TV
station), Military (Army, Navy, Air
Force) and Police, SATKORLAK,
(SATLAK, SATGAS), ORARI,
RAPI, PMI, TAGANA, Gampong
and Mukim Institution, SATPOL
PP
Military and Police, SAR, PMI,
15
Minutes
61
deceased and injured) and secure the
location (the property of people)
TAGANA, RAPI, DINKES
Open transportation routes in order to
save the victims, and preliminary clear
up
Military and Police, DISHUB
Activities
Tsunami is not come and there are no
damages caused by earthquake
Inform the people to go back to their own
house/location
Institution in charge
Radio Station, (RRI dan
Commercial Station), TV
Station (TVRI dan Commercial
TV station), Military (Army,
Navy, Air Force) and Police,
SATKORLAK, (SATLAK,
SATGAS), ORARI, RAPI, PMI,
TAGANA, Gampong and
Mukim Institution, SATPOL PP
16
Appendix 3 – The TEWS Assessment and Proposed Plan
RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ON NAD PROVINCE FOR
TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM
Score :
0
1
2
3
4
: Not Started yet
: First steps have been done
: On-going
: Almost completed
: Completed
RISK KNOWLEDGE ELEMENTS
Objective: Developing a systematic and an established process to collect, access and
share the data, maps and hazards trends and tsunami vulnerability.
Key Actors:
ORGANIZATION
CONTACT
DINSOS
SATKORLAK/SATLAK,
RAPI, ORARI
SATKORLAK/SATLAK,
PMI, RAPI, ORARI
Prepare logistics
Related / Supporting
Institutions
Coordinate
disaster
responses
DINKES (Health Affairs
Department)
SATKORLAK/SATLAK
TNI & POLRI
SATKORLAK/SATLAK
Contact
Details
Roles
Health Service
Booth
Facilitate
disaster response
Assist to
evacuation
security
Personnel, tools
and
transportation
support
17
1.1. Institutional Arrangement
Aspect
Actions and
Priorities
Needed
Progress
1. Actors’ role in vulnerability assessment
2
2
0
1
! National Standards for Hazards, Vulnerability
2
and Risk Assessment are identified and
accessible to local community
1
! Key government bureaus and other actors in
hazards assessment are identified and their
roles are described (for instance the bureaus
in charge of data on economy, demography,
land use, social or a local organization
appointed for coordination, etc.)
2. Local Regulations
! Availability of local regulations or
government policy that provide the mandate
to create hazards and vulnerability mapping
for tsunami or for the community.
3. Hazards, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment
Methods
4. Community Involvement
! Application of a mechanism to actively
involve the community in the analysis for
tsunami hazards and vulnerability at local
level
2
2
1.2. Identified Tsunami Hazards
Aspects
1. Local characteristics of tsunami hazards
! Local characteristics of tsunami hazards (for
example intensity, frequency, and the
probabilities) are analyzed and historic
information are evaluated
2. Tsunami hazards map
! Tsunami hazards maps are developed to
identify geographical areas and the community
Actions and
Priorities
Needed
Progress
2
3
3
1
18