www.ilsi.org
SESSION PROGRAMME
Energy Balance and Active Living
PARALLEL SESSION PS2-10
TUESDAY, 17 SEPTEMBER 2013, 8.00 – 10.00
MACHADO & PICASSO ROOMS
IUNS 20th International Congress of Nutrition
15-20 September 2013
Granada, Spain
Supported by
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
PURPOSE & PROGRAMME
PURPOSE
ILSI North America and ILSI Europe collaborated to organize a scientific session on energy
balance and active living at the International Congress on Nutrition in September 2013 in
Granada, Spain. The session features four speakers and will conclude with a panel session.
The first speaker, Prof. Gregorio Varela Moreiras, Universidad CEU San Pablo in Madrid, and
President of the Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN), will provide a perspective on the influence
of diet and food consumption on energy balance. Professor Moreiras will discuss important gaps
in knowledge on the role of diet composition in energy balance, as well as the role of
macronutrients. In addition, the bioactive attributes of some nutrients may differentially impact
energy balance (e.g. dietary resistant starch or some amino acids). Studies addressing the
impact of diets varying in levels of protein, carbohydrate, fat, phytochemicals, or ethanol on
appetite, food selection and intake, and energy expenditure will be discussed.
Next, Dr. David Allison, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, will present the complexity of
methodologies for studying energy balance, noting that the study of energy balance can involve
many difficult and specific questions.
These questions may relate to whether energy
compensation occurs under a particular set of circumstances, whether some circumstances
cause differential energy compensation to a perturbation than other circumstances, precise
measurement of the amount of compensation that occurs, or the behavioral, biological, or
energetic mechanisms through which any compensation occurs. Pertinent factors include sample
size consideration, selection of appropriate control conditions, and especially measurement
issues.
The third speaker on the program is Dr. Steven Blair, Arnold School of Public Health at the
University of South Carolina, who will present on physical activity and its impact on mortality and
morbidity. Dr. Blair will discuss the high prevalence of sedentary habits in most countries of the
world. Given that sedentary and unfit individuals are at approximately two-fold higher risk for
many health conditions than those who are moderately active and fit, the population attributable
risk (PAR) of inactivity is high. To address the major public health problem of physical inactivity
Dr. Blair will assert that we need to consider and evaluate societal, environmental, and individual
approaches to making physical activity more common for more people more of the time.
The final speaker on the program is Professor John Blundell, University of Leeds, who will
provide a perspective on the influence of physical activity on energy balance. The effect of
physical activity on energy balance goes beyond the measurement of energy expended in
exercise or daily activities and this is because physical activity influences not only energy
expended but also has an impact on energy intake. Dr. Blundell will discuss the complex
questions associated with energy balance and review recent studies. However, he will note that
physical activity (even in those people who gain weight) provides significant health benefits
including reductions in blood pressure and heart rate, plasma insulin, waist circumference (and
therefore visceral fat) and increases in cardiovascular fitness.
A discussion period with all of the speakers will follow Dr. Blundell’s talk and conclude the
session.
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
PROGRAMME
Energy Balance and Active Living
Chairs:
Dr James Hill, University of Colorado, USA
Prof. Marcela González-Gross, Universidad Politécnica de
Madrid, ES
Introduction and Welcome
Dr James Hill and Prof. Marcela González-Gross
Perspective on the Influence of Diet/Food Consumption on Energy
Balance
Prof. Gregorio Varela Moreiras, Facultad de Farmacia (Universidad CEU
San Pablo) Madrid, President of the Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN)
Complexity of Methodologies for Studying Energy Balance
Dr. David Allison, University of Alabama at Birmingham
Physical Activity: Impact on Mortality and Morbidity
Dr. Steven Blair, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South
Carolina
Perspective on the Influence of Physical Activity on Energy Balance
Professor John Blundell, Institute of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine and Health, University of Leeds
Panel Session
Closing Remarks & Adjourn
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
SESSION CHAIRS
CHAIR
Dr James Hill
University of Colorado, USA
James O. Hill, Ph.D. is the Founding Executive Director of the Anschutz Health
and Wellness Center at the University of Colorado. He is the Anschutz
Professor of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology & Biophysics. He holds a
Ph.D. degrees from the University of New Hampshire in Physiological
Psychology. He was Chair of the first World Health Organization Consultation
on Obesity in 1997. He was President of The Obesity Society (TOS) 1997-8
and The American Society for Nutrition (ASN) 2008-9. He was a member of
the NIH Expert Panel on Obesity that developed first U.S guidelines for the
treatment and prevention of obesity. Dr. Hill has published more than 500 scientific articles and
book chapters, most focused on weight management. He is the recipient of the 2007 TOPS
award and the 2012 George Bray Founders Award from TOS. He has received the Centrum
Center, McCollum and Kritchevsky awards from the ASN. He is the 2012 Atwater Lecturer for the
US Department of Agriculture. Dr. Hill is a cofounder of the National Weight Control Registry, a
registry of individuals who have been successful in maintenance of a reduced body weight. He is
co-founder of America on the Move, a national weight gain prevention initiative that aims to
inspire Americans to make small changes in how much they eat and how much they move to
prevent weight gain. He is the author of the Step Diet Book, published in June 2004 and the
State of Slim published in August 2013.
CO-CHAIR
Prof. Marcela González-Gross
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
Prof. Marcela González-Gross is University Professor for Sports Nutrition and
Sports Physiology and Vicedean for Quality and International Affairs. Her
research is focusing on the evaluation of nutritional status in healthy subjects
with different physical activity degree, mainly adolescents, elderly, athletes
(vitamins, blood lipid profile: Influence of diet and physical activity,
pathophysiology of hyperhomocisteinemia, sports nutrition) and on the
recommended intakes for nutrients and non-nutrients (supplementation, food
fortification, functional food). She has pblished more than 60 peerreviewed/international articles and participated in 14 chapters in books.
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
SPEAKERS
PERSPECTIVE
BALANCE
ON THE
INFLUENCE
OF
DIET/FOOD CONSUMPTION
ON
ENERGY
Prof. Gregorio Varela Moreiras, Facultad de Farmacia (Universidad CEU San Pablo)
Madrid, President of the Spanish Nutrition Foundation (FEN)
Abstract
Energy balance refers to the integrated effects of diet, physical activity, and genetics on growth
and body weight over an individual's lifetime. Energy density is a relatively new concept that has
been identified as an important factor in body weight control in adults and in children and
adolescents. Environmental changes over the past two decades have increased sedentary
behaviors, decreased physical activity, and increased consumption of more energy dense foods
and larger portion sizes. Although an imbalance in energy consumption and expenditure are
required to promote inappropriate weight gain, the relative contributions of each remain not well
characterized, mainly due to the lack of appropriate methodology to evaluate energy balance or
lacking of updated data for many countries. An important gap in knowledge concerns the role of
diet composition in energy balance. Moreover, since diet is increasingly being more complex and
not well known. The role of macronutrients in energy balance will be discussed. Moreover, some
nutrients have been proposed to have bioactive attributes that may differentially impact energy
balance (e.g. dietary resistant starch or some amino acids). Studies addressing the impact of
diets varying in levels of protein, carbohydrate, fat, phytochemicals, or ethanol on appetite, food
selection and intake, and energy expenditure will be evaluated, but also studies assessing lifestage, racial/ethnic, and gender-related factors underlying response to diet composition, including
studies in children, adolescents, and adults of various ages. Finally, a picture of food
consumption (availability) evolution, both globally and for different regions of the world, along with
the drivers largely responsible for these observed consumption trends are also attempted, mainly
how may be affecting energy balance maintenance.
Biography
Prof. Dr. Gregorio Varela Moreiras is Head of Nutrition and Bromatology
at Universidad San Pablo-CEU of Madrid and is Chairman of the Spanish
Nutrition Foundation (FEN). After he obtained his PhD in Nutrition from
Complutense University in Madrid, he was a Research Associate at the
Vitamins Bioavailability Laboratory at the Jean Mayer USDA Human
Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University. Prof. VarelaMoreiras later served as Associate Professor in Nutrition & Dietetics at
the University of Burgos (School of Food Sciences), and in 1996 was
appointed as Full Professor in Nutrition & Food Science at the San Pablo CEU University. He is
also member of the Board of Directors of ILSI Europe. Gregorio Varela-Moreiras leads the
research group on “Vitamins in physiological and pathological conditions”, with a total of eight
senior researchers and five PhD students. He has published over 100 scientific articles (most
peer-reviewed) and has published 8 books as editor and over 40 chapters of books.
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
COMPLEXITY OF METHODOLOGIES FOR STUDYING ENERGY BALANCE
Dr David Allison
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Abstract
The study of energy balance can involve many difficult and specific questions. These questions
may relate to whether energy compensation occurs under a particular set of circumstances,
whether some circumstances cause differential energy compensation to a perturbation than other
circumstances, precise measurement of the amount of compensation that occurs, or the
behavioral, biological, or energetic mechanisms through which any compensation occurs.
Methodology will need to vary as a function of the question asked. Pertinent factors will include
sample size consideration, selection of appropriate control conditions, and especially
measurement issues. Theoretical and empirical aspects will be discussed and examples
provided.
Biography
Dr David B. Allison is a Distinguished Professor, Associate Dean for
Science, Director of Office of Energetics, and Director of the NIH-funded
Nutrition Obesity Research Center at the University of Alabama at
Birmingham. Dr. Allison received his Ph.D. from Hofstra University in 1990.
He then completed a post-doctoral fellowship at the Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine and a second post-doctoral fellowship at the
NIH-funded New York Obesity Research Center at St. Luke's/Roosevelt
Hospital Center. Dr. Allison's research interests include obesity, quantitative
genetics, clinical trials, and statistical and research methodology.
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: IMPACT ON MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY
Dr Steven Blair
Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
Abstract
Sedentary habits are highly prevalent in most countries of the world. In the U.S. approximately
25-35% of adults are inactive, meaning that they have sedentary jobs, no regular physical activity
program, and are generally sedentary around the house and yard. Given that sedentary and unfit
individuals are at approximately two-fold higher risk for many health conditions than those who
are moderately active and fit, the population attributable risk (PAR) of inactivity is high. In the
Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) the PAR for low fitness in more than 50,000 women
and men followed for many years is 16-17% of deaths. This is far higher than other putative risk
factors for mortality. For example, obesity accounts for 2-3% of deaths in this cohort. Another
been avoided if none of the men had prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline whereas 44%
of the deaths might have been avoided if none of the men had been unfit. The independent
relative risks for death are comparable for prevalent cardiovascular disease (RR=2.4) and for low
fitness (RR=2.3). Over the past few decades we have largely engineered the need for physical
activity at home, on the job, and during leisure-time out of the daily lives of most people in
industrialized societies. To address the major public health problem of physical inactivity we will
need to consider and evaluate societal, environmental, and individual approaches to making
physical activity more common for more people more of the time.
Biography
Dr Steven Blair is a Professor at the University of South Carolina and is a
Past-president of the National Coalition for Promoting Physical Activity,
American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and American Academy of
Kinesiology and Physical Education. He has published over 590 chapters
and papers dealing with his research on the associations between lifestyle
and health, with a main focus on exercise, fitness, body composition, and
chronic disease.
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
PERSPECTIVE ON THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON ENERGY BALANCE
Prof. John Blundell
Institute of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds,
UK
Abstract
The effect of physical activity (PA) on energy balance (EB) goes beyond the measurement of
energy expended (EE) in exercise or daily activities (sometimes referred to as NEAT). This is
because PA influences not only EE but also has an impact of energy intake (EI). Does
sedentariness downregulate EI to prevent a positive energy balance? and does PA upregulate
EI to prevent a negative energy balance? Logic suggests that a sedentary lifestyle promotes
weight gain. Although not all large scale surveys or cross cultural studies have supported this
concept, it seems likely that when people change from an active to a sedentary lifestyle, eating
habits are not adjusted therefore favouring a positive EB and tendency for weight gain. The
effect of raising PA EE through exercise is also intensively under investigation. One classic view
is that when PA EE is increased then compensation occurs (decrease in non-exercise EE or
increase in EI) to prevent any change in EB. In intervention studies in which exercise is both
mandatory and supervised a weight loss is normally observed. However, the individual variability
is very large with some people losing large amounts of weight and others (approximately 15%)
gaining weight. The important fact is that the weight lost is almost entirely fat tissue whereas the
weight gained is lean tissue (fat-free mass). This indicates that body weight itself is a very poor
indicator of the response to PA and should not be given importance. More significant is the
change in body composition. Moreover, following PA (even in those people who gain weight)
there are significant health benefits including reductions in blood pressure and heart rate, plasma
insulin, waist circumference (and therefore visceral fat) and increases in cardiovascular fitness.
Biography
John Blundell is a Professor, holds the Research Chair of Biopsychology
at the University of Leeds and is the founding Director of the Institute of
Psychological Sciences. Professor Blundell has over 20 years experience
managing large scale research projects in the area of psychobiology of
appetite control, energy balance, physical activity, nutrition, and drugs. He
was a member of the UK government Foresight Team on Managing
Obesities. His h-index is 71.
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
ABOUT THE SUPPORTING ILSI BRANCHES
This session is supported by the following ILSI branches and respective task force/committees:
ILSI NORTH AMERICA
The North American branch of the International Life Sciences
Institute (ILSI North America) is a public, non-profit scientific
foundation that advances the understanding and application of
science related to the nutrition0.al quality and safety of the
food supply. The organization carries out its mission by
sponsoring research programs, professional and educational
programs and workshops, seminars, and publications, as well as providing a neutral forum for
government, academic, and industry scientists to discuss and resolve scientific issues of common
concern for the well-being of the general public. ILSI North America's programs are supported
primarily by its industry membership.
ILSI NORTH AMERICA COMMITTEE ON ENERGY BALANCE & ACTIVE LIVING
The Committee on Energy Balance and Active Lifestyle seeks to define the state of the science
on energy balance and physical activity and its relationship to active/healthy living, including
weight management, and to identify research gaps. The scientific study of the regulation of body
weight is a primary focus for the world of nutrition and metabolism, as the fight against obesity
continues for a healthier public. The interaction between food intake and energy expenditure is
the focus of much research as the scientific community struggles to find solutions to the obesity
epidemic.
Understanding the mechanisms of energy balance may uncover tools and
recommendations for weight loss and weight maintenance. The committee is contributing to the
science base by supporting a research project to develop an algorithm for assessing the impact
of behavior modification on weight management or loss. In addition, collaboration between the
American Society for Nutrition and ILSI North America succeeded in assembling a group of
experts in weight management, energy metabolism, physical activity, and behavior to analyze
current scientific research. A publication and several scientific sessions resulted, and the
committee is now forging ahead to address new issues in the energy balance field, such as the
physiology of sedentary behavior and health outcomes.
ILSI EUROPE
ILSI Europe fosters collaboration among the best scientists to
provide evidence-based scientific consensus on the areas of
nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment, and the
environment. By facilitating their collaboration, ILSI Europe helps
scientists from many sectors of society – public and private – to best
address complex science and health issues by sharing their unique
knowledge and perspectives. More on www.ilsi.eu.
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
ILSI EUROPE EATING BEHAVIOUR AND ENERGY BALANCE TASK FORCE
Food companies provide guidance and products to help consumers with appetite control and
energy balance. What do consumers expect from health claims in this area, and how do they
perceive them? What are the current methodologies for substantiating appetite control effects of
foods, and benefits of these effects? These are some of the questions that have been addressed
by the Eating Behaviour and Energy Balance Task Force. Over the years, the task force has
generated a wider understanding of satiety benefits, and appropriate methods for their
substantiation and communication to consumers. The task force members have also provided
scientific input to regulatory consultations on the criteria for evaluation of claims in the areas of
appetite and weight management.
A flyer with the programme of these task forces and committee is available on the following
pages.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Please contact:


Ms Heather Steele, Associate Director, Program Development, ILSI North America,
[email protected]
Ms Athanasia Baka, Scientific Project Manager, ILSI Europe, [email protected].
COMMITTEE ON ENERGY BALANCE & ACTIVE LIFESTYLE
U
Objectives: U
The Committee on Energy Balance and Active Lifestyle seeks to define the state-of-the-science
on energy balance and physical activity, its relationship to active/healthy living, including weight
management, and to identify research gaps.
CCommitttee Activities: U
Obesity is a major public health concern in the United States and around the world with over 72 million
individuals in the US being considered obese. Creating a unified, successful obesity reduction strategy
relies on understanding the underlying causes of obesity. The Energy Balance and Active Lifestyle
Committee organized a consensus-style conference for spring 2011 to assess the state of the science on
understanding energy balance and the development of parameters to help individuals understand and
achieve energy balance. A resulting publication in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (April 2012)
and several scientific sessions around the world followed this joint venture between ILSI North America,
the American Society for Nutrition (ASN), and The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM).
In 2012, the committee organized a half day scientific session at the Experimental Biology meeting
(EB2012) in April. The session “Energy Balance: A New Paradigm” featured five speakers and included a
panel session on future directions. In 2012, the committee also collaborated with AND, ACSM, USDA
and IFIC on an expert panel workshop “Energy Balance at a Crossroads: Translating the Science into
Action”, and worked with IFIC on a webcast on calories and energy balance that attracted over 900
registrants. The committee is currently supporting a project to develop an algorithm to assess impact of
behavior modification on weight management or loss; the project should be completed by the end of the
summer 2013, with a paper to follow.
As the committee looks forward, additional research questions are emerging, specifically addressing
physiological parameters of sedentary inactivity. In late November, the committee organized an expert
discussion meeting to outline the issues on this new topic. Follow up activities related to this area are
planned for 2013. In addition, the committee will support a scientific session for the 2013 International
Congress on Nutrition in Granada in September. For additional information about upcoming Committee
activities, please visit: http://www.ilsi.org/NorthAmerica/Pages/EBALC.aspx
Committee Members:
The Coca-Cola Company
Dr Pepper Snapple Group
The Hershey Company
Kraft Foods Inc.
Mars, Incorporated
Mondelēz International
PepsiCo Inc.
UScience Advisors :
James Hill, PhD
University of Colorado Health and Wellness Center
John Jakicic, PhD
University of Pittsburgh
Staff Contact:
Heather H. Steele, MPhil
Associate Director, Program Development
Tel: 202.659.0074 (ext. 150)
[email protected]
Food companies provide guidance and products to help consumers with
appetite control and energy balance. What do consumers expect from
health claims in this area, and how do they perceive them? What are the
current methodologies for substantiating appetite control effects of foods,
and benefits of these effects? These are some of the questions that have
been addressed by the Eating Behaviour and Energy Balance Task
Force.
Over the years, the task force has generated a wider understanding of
satiety benefits, and appropriate methods for their substantiation and
communication to consumers. The task force members have also
provided scientific input to regulatory consultations on the criteria for
evaluation of claims in the areas of appetite and weight management.
• NEW PUBLICATION on
potential benefits of
enhanced satiety
(Hetherington M et al.
Nutrition Research
Reviews 2013).
• NEW CONFERENCE
REPORT: from the
workshop on ‘Satiety and
Appetite Control Claims:
Getting it right for
Consumers’, Brussels, 27
November 2012.
Published in the British
Nutrition Bulletin.
The Nutritional Impacts of
Reduced-energy Sweetener
Use: What is the Weight of
Evidence?
There is an increased use of
products formulated with
reduced-energy sweeteners
aiming to meet dietary guidance
and consumer desires. While
some epidemiological and
animal data have suggested
that sweetener usage could
increase risks of weight gain,
human intervention studies
typically find either no effect or
decreased energy intake and
weight status. There is an
evident lack of expert
consensus in this area.
This expert group is carrying
out an assessment of key
hypotheses based on a
systematic review of evidence
on the nutritional impacts of
reduced-energy sweetener use.
This activity will identify where
possible the factors explaining
why contradictory outcomes
may occur.
This project aims to provide a
consensus statement on the
nutritional impacts of reducedenergy sweetener use, what the
current evidence is telling us
and what the uncertainties are
in that evidence.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cargill
Coca-Cola Europe
Danone
Dow Europe
DuPont Nutrition and Health
Mars
McNeil Nutritionals
Mondelēz International
Nestlé
Puratos Group
Sensus
Tate & Lyle Ingredients
Unilever
M. M. Hetherington, et al. Potential Benefits of Satiety to the
Consumer: Scientific Considerations. Nutrition Research
Reviews 2013; 26(01):22 - 38
Els M. Bilman et al. Consumer un​derstanding, interpretation and
perceived levels of personal responsibility in relation to satietyrelated claims​. Appetite 2012;59(3):912–920.
J. Blundell et al. Appetite Control: Met​hodological Aspects of the
Evaluation of Foods. Obesity Reviews 2010;11(3):251-270.
Delzenne et al. Gastrointestinal Targets of Appetite Regulation in
​Humans​. Obesity Reviews 2010;11(3):234-250.
ILSI Session on Energy Balance and Active Liging at ICN 2013
17 September 2013, Granada, ES
ABOUT ILSI
ILSI
Founded in 1978, the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a non-profit, worldwide
foundation that seeks to improve the well-being of the general public through the advancement of
science. Its goal is to further the understanding of scientific issues relating to nutrition, food
safety, toxicology, risk assessment, and the environment. ILSI is recognised around the world for
the quality of the research it supports, the global conferences and workshops it sponsors, the
educational projects it initiates, and the publications it produces. ILSI is headquartered in
Washington, DC.