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A World War
• Schlieffen Plan
– Plan to win the two-front
war by first ____________
_______________________
_______________________
against Germany
– Depended on Germany's
ability to invade France
before France could fully
mobilize its troops to
defend itself and THEN
turn on Russia before the
Russians were ready
The Battle of the Marne-Sept.
1914
Schlieffen Plan
• As nations mobilize for war, Germany
employs the Schlieffen Plan
– Violation of Belgian neutrality brings Great
Britain into the war (allied with Belgium)
Battle of the Marne 1914
The Battle of the Marne
– Marne River, east of Paris
– GOAL: Allies to push the
Germans back from Paris
• Sets the stage for trench warfare
– Schlieffen Plan ruined
• Slow moving battle
• Both sides “dig in”
New Tools of War
Machine Gun
– 600 rounds per minute
– Forced men into trenches
Machine guns cause much of the
__________________ during
the war.
• Troops ordered to rush enemy
trenches only to be mowed
down by machine gun fire.
Poison Gas
________________ than
air; good to use against
trench warfare
– Tear Gas: eye irritant
– Mustard Gas: skin irritant
– Chlorine: eyes, nose, lung
irritant that could cause
asphyxiation
– Only ________________
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Submarines (U-boats)
Tanks
• Tanks
• Submarines
• “Unterseeboots”
– __________________
– US and GB had
technology but chose
not to use it;
“ungentlemanly”
– Very effective in
sinking GB and US
ships
Airplanes
• Planes
– Made out of _________
and _________
– Flew up to 60 mph
– First used as
__________________
gathering tools, then
used to attack enemy
lines by manually
dropping bombs
– Dog-fights began after
mounting machine guns
New Nature of Warfare
• Trench Warfare
• After the Battle of the Marne (1914) it was
evident soldiers were not equipped to
protect themselves from rapid gunfire
__________________
– _________________ begins
– Used to move through
“________________”
in trench warfare
– Improvement of
_____________ trucks
that got stuck in the
mud
• 1916: Developed into
“tanks”
• Late ______: more
effective tanks finally
developed
1916
1918
Shellshock
• The
__________________
trauma produced from
long periods of
_____________ and
the mental stress of
warfare caused
hundreds of
thousands of troops to
suffer from shellshock.
Trench Warfare
• Elaborate system of
trenches _____________
along the Western Front
(France). Dug for shelter
from artillery fire &
charges from enemy
troops. Symbolizes the
________________ in
the war.
• Used by both Allies and
Germans
• Life in the trenches was
miserable at best– rats,
lice, mud, disease, trench
foot all common.
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Trench System
Stalemate
• Western Front v. Eastern Front
– Western Front
The War Continues On…
• Eastern Front
– Russia vs. Austria-Hungary, Germany,
Ottomans, Bulgaria
– Location of trench warfare
– Eastern Front Region along the German
Eastern border where
– War in East was a more mobile war than in
the West
Pages 370-374
1.) Describe what happened at the Battle of Tannenberg
along the eastern front.
2.) Why was Russia’s war effort near collapse?
3.) Why were the Allies unable to ship supplies to
Russia’s ports?
4.) Where did war spread besides the eastern and
western fronts?
5.) Why did the Allies want to secure the Dardanelles?
6.) What was the Gallipoli campaign? Who won?
7.) With help of the Arabs, Allied armies took control of:
8.) In Asia and Africa, where did fighting troops come
from?
– Trench warfare not used…Russia lacked
technology ; best weapon…_______!
– Problem for Allies:
– Many failed efforts to help send relief to
Russia
– Italy finally joins Allies ________
Gallipoli Campaign (1915)
• GOAL:
• Gallipoli Peninsula,
Turkey
• 60% casualty rate for
both sides
• ____________ victory
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Battle of the Somme (July 1916)
Battle of the Somme
• GOAL:
• July - November
• Fought near Verdun, in Somme River Valley in
France – ________ are used for the 1st time.
• One of the bloodiest battles of the war
• 1.5 millions lives lost; Brits __________ on day #1!
• British gained little more that ___ miles at the
deepest point of penetration of German lines
• Realization that this was a “_________________”
Battle of the Somme
The War Continues On…
• Total War
– All countries resources go to the war effort
– Civilians: men drafted to fight; women take on
male-roles back home
– Government: control of the economy increases
» Rationing items: _________________________
– Propaganda: _____________________________
» Government controls the news—national
security; Promotes all positive information to
keep up morale & support
Why did the US get involved?
• Turn to page 374 in the textbook.
1.) What was unrestricted submarine warfare?
2.) Why was this policy being used?
3.) What happened on May 7, 1915? Why was
this significant?
4.) What happened in February of 1917?
5.) What did the Zimmerman telegram say?
6.) How did Americans react to the telegram?
7.) When did the US declare war?
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