4/28/2014
Kingdom Animalia:
Phylum Echinodermata (sea urchin, sea stars, sea cucumbers)
Phylum Chordata (tunicates, lancelets, vertebrates)
Echinodermata and Chordata:
what traits do they have in common? _______________________________
what traits are different between them? _____________________________
1
4/28/2014
Phylum Echinodermata: spiny skin
Echinoderms have an endoskeleton, water vascular system, and
tube feet
Echinoderms’ bilateral
Symmetry is evident during
the larva stage
2
4/28/2014
Echinoderm diversity (P8)
sea stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, brittle stars
Phylum Chordata: animals with a chord
Unique combination of four characteristics present at some stage in development:
- notochord (support rod, replaced by backbone in vertebrates)
- nerve cord (spinal cord)
- pharyngeal slits (feeding and/or gas exchange)
invertebrate chordates, fish and tadpoles  gills
in humans  part of the inner ear, tonsils and glands)
- post-anal tail (extension beyond anus, later reduced)
3
4/28/2014
Chordates without a backbone: Subphylum Urochordata (P9) and Cephalochordata (P10)
Chordates with a backbone: Subphylum Vertebrata
(P11), Fishes
Fish without jaws: Class Agnatha (lampreys)
Fish with jaws:
Class Chondrichthyes (sharks)
Cartilage skeleton
Class Osteichthyes
(ray fin fish and lobe fin fish)
bony skeleton
swim bladder and operculum
4
4/28/2014
Move on to land: lungs and weight bearing appendages
• Lungs and swim bladders: form during development as an out pocket of the gut
Which came first?
lung fish
Tiktaalik
Chordates with legs
Class Amphibia (Frogs, toads, salamanders)
Class Reptilia (lizards, turtles, snakes)
Class Aves (Birds)
Class Mammalia (mammals)
Marsupials
5
4/28/2014
6
4/28/2014
7