Element Project
Physical Science
Shaquan Hickman
Pd.7
Hydrogen
Valence Electrons:1
Ion Formed:Positive Plus One
Atomic Number : 1
Symbol : H
●
●
●
●
Facts
Hydrogen compounds commonly are called hydrides.
Hydrogen can be produced by reacting metals with acids.
Hydrogen is considered to be the lightest element.
Most common isotope of hydrogen is protium
Alkali Metals
Group One
Valence Electrons:1
Ion Formed:Positive Plus One
Soft & shiny metals react violently with water.
Lithium : In this group because it has one electron like the rest.
Atomic Number :3
Symbol:Li
●
●
●
●
Lithium metal burns white , though imparts a crimson color to a flame.
Lithium is the lightest metal.
Lithium is used in medicine , and also batteries.
Lithium is the only alkali metal that reacts with nitrogen.
Alkaline-Earth Metal
Group 2
Valence Electrons: 2
Ion Formed: Plus 2 Ion
Less Active Than Alkali Metals.
Barium: In this group because is less active than alkali metals
Atomic Number: 56
Symbol:Ba
●
●
●
●
Barium was first discovered in 1774 by Carl Scheele.
The name barium comes from a greek word barys meaning heavy.
Barium is a soft , silvery white metal, and has a boiling point of 1000k.
Barium can not be found in nature , only be extracted from a mineral barite.
(Group3-12)
Transition Metals
Valence Electrons: 1 or 2
Ion Formed: Can Form Plus 1 or 2 Cations
Much Less Reactive Than Group 1 & 2
Copper:
Atomic Number:29
Symbol:Cu
●
●
●
●
Three Quarters of copper goes to make electrical wires, telecommunication cables and electronics.
Copper is the only metal on the periodic table that is not red or gray aside from gold .
Copper is also found in foods such as oysters , beef and sunflower seeds.
Copper is initially a reddish orange color , but can turn brown exposed to air and turn blue and green when expose to air and
water.
Boron Family(Group 13)
Valence Electrons: 3
Ions Formed:Plus 3 Cations
Boron is used in detergent
Indium:
Atomic Number : 49
Symbol: In
●
●
●
●
Indium is considered to be of low toxicity.
Indium is a very soft,silvery-white lustrous metal.
Indium is Latin , named for the brilliant indigo line in the spectrum.
Indium is often associated with zinc materials.
Carbon Family(Group 14)
Valence Electrons: 4
Ions Formed:No ions formed , share electrons.
Carbon is found in all living substances and in many synthetic.
Tin:
Atomic Number : 50
Symbol : Sn
●
●
●
●
Tin is the main metal in group 14
Tin is extracted from different ores, mainly Cassiterite(SnO2)
Tin is a silver white metal , that is very ductile and malleable.
Tin is a post transition metal , which cause it to be softer.
Nitrogen Family(Group 15)
Valence Electrons: 5
Ions Formed: Anion Charge -3
Nitrogen is found in amino acids and Nucleic Acids
Antimony:
Atomic Number : 51
Symbol: Sb
●
●
●
●
Antimony was used in Egypt for a form of eyeliner.
Antimony has 35 radioactive isotopes.
Antimony is present in over 100 minerals.
Antimony is found in pure form but mostly found in the mineral stibnite.
Oxygen Family(Group 16)
Valence Electrons:6
Ions Formed: Anion -2 Charge
Basic Life Form
Polonium:
Atomic Number : 84
Symbol: Po
●
●
●
●
Polonium dissolves readily in dilute acids.
Polonium is a pure , silvery-colored solid.
Polonium is used as a neutron trigger for weapons.
Polonium is the only component of a cigarette smoke to produce cancer in laboratory animals.
Halogen Family(Group 17)
Valence Electrons: 7
Ions Formed: -1 Charge Anion
Mostly found in disinfectants and other cleaning supplies.
Chlorine:
Atomic Number : 17
Symbol: Cl
●
●
●
●
Chlorine is the second most common halogen on earth.
Chlorine creates a variety of oxides.
Chlorine has two stable isotopes, Cl-35 Cl-37
Chlorine is vital for living forms.
Noble Gas(Group 18)
Valence Electrons : 8
Ions formed : None
All elements in group 18 are found to be gases.
Neon:
Atomic Number: 10
Symbol: Ne
●
●
●
●
Neon and helium is used to make lasers.
Neon is used to form an unstable hydrate.
Neon has three stable isotopes.
Neon is the second lightest gas , behind helium.
Lanthanides and Actinides
Lanthanides -Form Compounds
Holmium:
Atomic Number : 67
Symbol: Ho
●
Holmium is a bright, soft, silvery-white, rare earth metal that is both ductile and malleable.
●
It does not react in dry air at normal temperatures, but rapidly oxidizes to a yellow oxide (Ho 2O3) in moist air or when
heated.
●
Holmium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are used in nuclear reactor control rods.
●
Holmium is also used in solid-state lasers for non-invasive medical procedures treating cancers and kidney stones.
Actinides- Very Radioactive
Berkelium:
Atomic Number: 97
Symbol: Bk
●
Berkelium is a radioactive, silvery metal.
●
Because it is so rare, berkelium has no commercial or technological use at present.
●
Less than a gram of berkelium is made each year.
●
Berkelium was first produced in December 1949, at the University of California at Berkeley.
The End