ＷＯＲＤ ＲＯＯＴ
A
M
B
N
C
O
D
P
E
Q
F
R
G
S
H
T
I
U
J
V
K
X
L
TOP↑
WORD ROOT
abdomin/o
acanth/o
acetabul/o
acid/o
actin/o
acou/o
acr/o
adenoid/o
aden/o
adrenal/o
adren/o
DEFINITION
abdomen
thorny, spiny
acetabulum (hip
socket)
acid
ray, radius
hearing
extremities, height
adenoids
gland
adrenal gland
adrenal gland
aer/o
air, gas
albumin/o
algesi/o
alveol/o
ambly/o
amni/o
amnion/o
amyl/o
an/o
andr/o
angi/o
anis/o
ankyl/o
antr/o
aort/o
aponeur/o
appendic/o
arche/o
albumin
pain
alveolus
dull, dim
amnion
amnion
starch
anus
male
vessel
unequal, dissimilar
crooked, stiff, bent
antrum
aorta
aponeurosis
appendix
first, beginning
index↑
EXAMPLE
abdominal distention, abdominocentesis
acanthosis, acantholysis
acetabuloplasty, acetabulectomy
acidophilic, acidosis
Actinomyces, actinic keratosis
acouesthesia, acoustic nerve
acrocyanosis, acromegaly
adenoidectomy
adenoma, lymphadenitis
adrenalectomy, hyperadenocorticism
adrenogenital syndrome,
adrenocorticotropin
aerobe, anaerobic, aeroembolism,
aerosol
hypoalbuminemia, albuminuria
algesiometer, algesiogenic
alveolitis, alveolar proteinosis
amblychromasis, amblyopia
diamniotic
diamnionic
amyloidosis, amylase, amylose
anorectal, anoperineal
androgen, androblastoma
angiography, lymphangiitis
anisocoria, anisocytosis
ankylosing spondylitis, Ankylostoma
antrectomy, antral
aortography, aortitis
aponeurotomy
appendicitis
archeocyte, archenteron
arteri/o
arteriol/o
arthr/o
articul/o
atel/o
ather/o
atri/o
audi/o
aur/i,o
aut/o
axill/o
az/o
artery
arteriole (small artery)
joint
joint
imperfect, incomplete
yellowish, fatty plaque
atrium
hearing
ear
self
armpit
urea, nitrogen
arteriovenous fistula, arteriosclerosis
arteriolosclerosis
arthralgia, arthroscope, artropathy
articulation
atelectasis
atherosclerosis, atheroma
atrioseptal defect, atrioventricular node
audiology, audiovisual, auditorium
auricular cartilage, aura
autoregulation, autoimmune
axillary lymph node
azotemia, azide, diazonium
index↑
WORD ROOT
bacteri/o
bar/o
balan/o
bas/o
bi/o
bil/i
blast/o
blephar/o
brachi/o
bronch/i,o
DEFINITION
bacteria
pressure
glans penis
base
life
bile
developing cell
eyelid
arm
bronchus
bronchiol/o
bucc/o
burs/o
bronchiole
cheek
bursa (cavity)
EXAMPLE
bactericidal, bacteriophage
barotrauma, barometer
balanitis, balanic, balonoplasty
basophil, basalioma, basolateral
biopsy, biochemistry, symbiosis
biliary tract, hemobilia, bilirubin
fibroblast, myeloblast, neuroblast
blepharoptosis, blepharoblast
brachiocephalic, brachial artery
bronchiole, bronchospasm,
bronchiectasia
bronchiolitis
buccal, buccinator, buccula
peribursal, bursitis
index↑
WORD ROOT
calc/i
cancer/o
carcin/o
DEFINITION
calcium
cancer
cancer
cardi/o
heart
carp/o
caud/o
carpals (wrist bones)
tail, toward the lower
EXAMPLE
calcification, calcitonin, calcinosis
cancerization, cancerogenic, cancerous
adenocarcinoma, carcinoembryonic
antigen
cardiomyopathy, myocarditis,
endocardium
carpectomy, carpal tunnel syndrome
caudal, caudate nucleus, caudad
cec/o
celi/o
cephal/o
cerebell/o
part of the body
cecum
abdomen
head
cerebellum
cerebr/o
cerumin/o
cervic/o
cheil/o
chir/o
cholangi/o
chol/e
choledoch/o
chondr/o
chori/o
cerebrum, brain
cerumen (earwax)
cervix
lip
hand
bile duct
gall, bile
common bile duct
cartlage
chorion
chrom/o
color
chromat/o
chron/o
clavic/o
clavicul/o
col/o
colp/o
coni/o
conjunctiv/o
core/o
corne/o
coron/o
cortic/o
color
time
clavicle (collar bone)
clavicle (collar bone)
colon
vagina
dust
conjunctiva
pupil
cornea
heart
cortex (outer layer of
body organ)
pupil
rib
cranium(skull)
cold
hidden
cul-de-sac
skin
cor/o
cost/o
crani/o
cry/o
crypt/o
culd/o
cutane/o
cecostomy, cecoptosis, cecal
celiac artery, celiocentasis
encephalopathy, microcephaly, cephalic
supracerebellar, olivopontocerebellar
atrophy
cerebrospinal fluid, cerebroside
ceruminosis
cervicofacial, cervicitis, endocervical
cheiloplasty, cheilitis
chirospasm, chiropodalgia
cholangitis, cholangiocellular carcinoma
cholesterol, cholestasis, choline
choledocholith, choledochostomy
chondrosarcoma, chondroitin sulfate
choriocarcinoma, human chorionic
gonadotropin
chromogen, chromosome, chromaffin
cell
chromatin, chromatography
synchronous, chronological
clavicotomy
claviculectomy
colostomy, colorectal, colitis
colposcopy, colpospasm, colpitis
pneumoconiosis, coniophage
conjunctivitis
corectomy, corectasis
corneal, corneosclera, corneoiritis
coronary artery
corticospinal tract, corticosteroid
cortical
corometer
costophrenic angle
cranial nerve, craniotomy
cryosurgery, cryoglobulin
cryptorchism, cryptococcosis, cryptic
culdocentesis
cutaneous lymphoma, cutaneomucosal
cyan/o
blue
cyes/i,o
cyst/o
cyt/o
pregnancy
bladder, sac
cell
cyanosis, hemocyanin,
cyanocobalamine
cyesis, cyesedema
cystostomy, cholecystitis, cystadenoma
cytology, cytotoxic, thrombocytopenia
index↑
WORD ROOT
dacry/o
dactyl/o
dent/i
dermat/o
DEFINITION
tear, tear duct
fingers or toes
tooth
skin
derm/o
dextr/o
diaphor/o
diaphragmat/o
dipl/o
dips/o
diverticul/o
dors/i,o
duoden/o
dur/o
dynam/o
skin
right
sweat
diaphragm
two, double
thirst
diverticulum
back (of the body)
duodenum
hard, dura mater
motion
EXAMPLE
dacryostenosis, dacryon
polydactyly, arachnoidactylia
dentist, denture, dentate, dentine
dermatology, dermatitis,
dermatomyositis
epidermal, dermoid cyst
dextrocardia, dextrose
diaphoresis, diaphorase
diaphragmatocele
diplopia, diploid, diplobacterium
dipsomania, dipsia, dipsotherapy
diverticulitis, diverticulosis
dorsolateral, dorsiflexion
duodenectomy, duodenitis
duroarachnoiditis, subdural hematoma
hemodynamics, dynamism
index↑
WORD ROOT
ech/o
ectop/o
electr/o
DEFINITION
sound
located away from
usual place
electricity, electrical
embry/o
emmetr/o
encephal/o
endocrin/o
enter/o
epididym/o
epiglott/o
episi/o
embryo, to be full
a normal measure
brain
endocrine
intestines
epididymis
epiglottis
vulva
EXAMPLE
echography, hypoechoic
ectopic tissue, ectopism
electroencephalography, electrophoresis
activity
embryology, embryonic, polyembryoma
emmetropia
anencephaly, encephalomalacia
endocrinology, endocrinopathy
Enterococcus, gastroenterology
epididymitis, epididymovasectomy
epiglottitis
episioplasty, episiotomy
epitheli/o
erythr/o
esophag/o
esthesi/o
eti/o
epithelium
red
esophagus
sensaition, sensitivity,
feeling
cause (of disease)
epithelioid cell, epithelioma
erythrocyte, erythremia, erythropoietin
esophagitis, esophagojejunostomy
esthesioneuroblastoma
etiology, etiotropic
index↑
WORD ROOT
faci/o
femor/o
ferr/i,o
fet/i,o
fibr/o
fibul/o
DEFINITION
face
emur (upper leg bone)
iron
fetus, unborn child
fibrous tissue, fibers
fibula (lower leg bone)
EXAMPLE
facioplasty, facioplasia, facial palsy
femoral artery, femorotibial
ferric, transferrin, ferrocyanide
fetoplacental relation, alpha-fetoprotein
fibrosis, fibroblast, fibril
fibulocalcaneal
index↑
WORD ROOT
galact/o
gangli/o
ganglion/o
gastr/o
gen/o
ger/o
geront/o
gingiv/o
gli/o
glomerul/o
gloss/o
DEFINITION
milk
ganglion
ganglion
stomach
origin, formation
old age, aged
old age, aged
gum
neuroglia
glomerulus
tongue
glyc/o
glycos/o
gluc/o
gnath/o
gnos/o
gon/o
gravid/o
gynec/o
gyn/o
sugar
sugar
sweetness, sugar
jaw
knowledge
seed, knee
pregnancy
woman
woman
EXAMPLE
galactose, agalactia, galactorrhea
ganglioneuroma, paraganglioma
aganglionosis, ganglionic
gastritis, epigastric, epigastralgia
organogenesis, carcinogenesis, gene
progeria, geromorphism
gerontology, gerontopia
gingivectomy, gingivitis
glioma, oligodendroglia, gliosis
glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis
glossitis, macroglossia,
glossopharyngeal
hypoglycemia, glycogen, triglyceride
glycosuria, glycoside, glycosylation
glucocorticoid, glucose, glucuronic acid
prognathous, epignathus, Gnathostoma
gnosis, gnosia
gonad, gonalgia, Gonococcus
gravida, multigravida
gynecology, gynecomastia
gynogamete
index↑
WORD ROOT
hem/o
hemat/o
hepat/o
herni/o
heter/o
hidr/o
hist/o
home/o
hom/o
DEFINITION
blood
blood
liver
hernia
other
sweat
tissue
sameness, unchanging
same
humer/o
humerus (upper arm
bone)
water
hymen
sleep
uterus
hydr/o
hymen/o
hypn/o
hyster/o
EXAMPLE
hemorrhage, hemophilia, hemorrhoid
hematology, hematocrit, hematopoiesis
hepatocyte, hepatitis, hepatology
herniotomy, herniation, hernioplasty
heterogenous, heterozygote, heterotopia
hidradenoma, hidradenitis
histology, histoplasmosis, histamine
homeostasis, homeothermia
homosexual, homologous,
homogeneous
humeroscapular
dehydration, hydrops fetalis, hydrostatic
hymenal, hymenorrhaphy
hypnosis, hypnotherapy, hypnotism
hysterectomy, hysterics
index↑
WORD ROOT
ichthy/o
ile/o
ili/o
immun/o
DEFINITION
fish
ileum
ilium
immune
irid/o
iri/o
is/o
ischi/o
isch/o
iris
iris
equal, same
ischium
deficiency, blockage
EXAMPLE
ichthyosis, ichthyoid
ileitis, ileocecal valve
iliopelvic, iliac artery
immunostaining, immunization,
immunity
iridoschisis, iridocyclitis
iritis
isotope, isozyme, anisocoria
ischiatic nerve, ischiopubic
ischophonia, ischemia, ischuria
index↑
WORD ROOT
jejun/o
DEFINITION
jejunum
EXAMPLE
jejunoileal, jejunitis
index↑
WORD ROOT
kal/i
kary/o
kerat/o
kerat/o
DEFINITION
potassium
nucleus
cornea
horny tissue, hard
EXAMPLE
hyperkalemia, hypokalemia
megakaryocyte, karyorrhexis, karyotype
keratoplasty, keratoconjunctivitis
keratosis, keratinization
kin/e
kinesi/o
kyph/o
movement
movement, motion
hump
kinetics, kinetoplast, kinetochore
kinesis, akinesia
kyphosis, kyphorachitis
index↑
WORD ROOT
labi/o
labyrinth/o
lacrim/o
lact/o
lamin/o
lapar/o
laryng/o
later/o
lei/o
leuk/o
lingu/o
lip/o
lith/o
lob/o
lumb/o
lymph/o
DEFINITION
lips
labyrinth
tear duct, tear
milk
lamina (thin, flat plate
or layer)
abdomen
larynx
side
smooth
white
tongue
fat
stone, calculus
lobe
lumber region, lower
back
lymph
EXAMPLE
labiodental, labiomancy, labiate
labyrinthitis, labyrinthine, reflex
nasolacrimal, lacrimation
lactogenic, lactose, lactoferrin
laminectomy, laminin
laparotomy, laparoscope
laryngoscope, laryngectomy
ipsilateral, unilateral
leiomyoma, leiotrichous
leukocyte, leukemia, leukoplakia
lingual, linguistic
lipoid, lipoprotein, liposarcoma
lithiasis, phlebolith, ethotomy
lobotomy, lobectomy, lobar, lobule
lumbago, thoracolumbar, lumbosacral
lymphoma, lymphoblast,
lymphangictasia
index↑
WORD ROOT
macr/o
DEFINITION
abnormal largeness
mamm/o
breast
mandibul/o
mandible (upper
jawbone)
breast
mastoid
maxill (lower jawbone)
meatus (opening)
black
menstruation
meninges
mast/o
mastoid/o
maxill/o
meat/o
melan/o
men/o
mening/i,o
EXAMPLE
macroglobulin, macroscopic,
macrohematuria
mammography, mammalian,
mammillary body
mandibulectomy, mandibulofacial
mastectomy, mastitis, mastopathy
mastoidectomy, mastoiditis
maxillectomy, maxillotomy
meatal, meatoscope
melanoma, melanin, melanosis
amenorrhea, menopause, menarche
meningioma, meningocele
menisc/o
ment/o
ment/o
metr/i,o
micr/o
mon/o
morph/o
meniscus (crescent)
mind
chin
uterus
small
one
form, shape
muc/o
my/o
mucus, mucous
membrane
muscle
myc/o
fungus
myel/o
myel/o
myelon/o
myring/o
myx/o
bone marrow
spinal cord
spinal cord
eardrum
mucus
meniscocyte (=sickle cell)
mentality, dementia
mentohyoid, mentolabial
metrorrhagia, endometriosis, pyometra
microscope, microdissection
monoclonal, monocyte, monochrome
morphology, metamorphosis,
monomorphic
mucosa, mucin, mucopolysaccharide
myoma, myalgia, amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis
mycosis, mycobacterium, mycotic
embolism
myelofibrosis, myelogenous, myeloma
myelitis, myelogram, myeloma
myelonic
myringotome, myringorupture
myxoma, myxoid matrix,
paramyxovirus
index↑
WORD ROOT
nan/o
narc/o
nas/o
nat/o
necr/o
nephr/o
neur/o
neutr/o
noct/i
nyct/o
nycta/o
DEFINITION
dwarf
stupor
nose
birth
death (cell, body)
kidney
nerve
neither (neutral)
night
night
night
EXAMPLE
nanomelia, nanogram, nanophthalmia
narcosis, narcolepsy, narcotism
paranasal, nasopharynx, nasolabial fold
neonate, natality, prenatal diagnosis
necrosis, necrotizing angiitis, necropsy
nephron, nephropathy, nephrosclerosis
neurosis, neuralgia, neuroblastoma
neutron, neutrophilia, neutralize
nocturnal, nocturia, noctambulation
nyctophobia, nyctotyphlosis
nyctalgia, nyctalopia
index↑
WORD ROOT
ocul/o
odont/o
olig/o
DEFINITION
eye
tooth
scanty, few
EXAMPLE
oculomotor nerve, ocular, oculogyration
odontalgia, odontogenic tumor
oliguria, oligodendrocyte,
oligosaccharide
omphal/o
onc/o
onych/o
umbilicus, navel
tumor
nail
o/o
oophor/o
ophthalm/o
opt/o
orchid/o
orchi/o
organ/o
or/o
orth/o
oste/o
ot/o
ov/i,o
ox/i,o
egg, ovum
ovary
eye
vision
testis, testicle
testis, testicle
organ
mouth
straight
bone
ear
egg
oxygen
omphalocele, omphalophlebitis
oncogene, oncologist, oncocyte
melanoonychia, onychophagia,
pachyonichia
oogenesis, oocyte, oocyst
oophorectomy, oophoritis
ophthalmology, opthalmoscope
optometer, optician
orchidoepididymectomy
orchiectomy, orchiopexy, orchitis
organogenesis, microorganism
oropharynx, oral, orolingual
orthopnea, orthopedics, orthostatic
osteoporosis, endosteum, osteosarcoma
otoplasty, otorhinopharyngolaryngology
ovulation, ovotestis, ovoid, oval
oxidant, peroxidation, dioxide
index↑
WORD ROOT
pachy/o
palat/o
pancreat/o
papill/o
parathyroid/o
par/o
part/o
parthen/o
patell/o
path/o
pector/o
ped/o
pelv/i,o
pept/o
perine/o
peritone/o
petr/o
DEFINITION
thick
palate
pancreas
nipple
parathyroid gland
bear, give birth to,
labor
bear, give birth to,
labor
virgin
patella (knee cap)
disease
chest
child, foot
pelvis, pelvic bone
digestion
perineum
peritoneum
stone
EXAMPLE
pachymeningitis, pachyderma
palatine, palatoschisis
pancreatobiliary, pancreatitis
papillary, papilloma, papillotubular
parathyroidectomy, hypoparathyroidism
parity, viviparity
postpartal
parthenogenesis, parthenophobia
patellectomy
pathology, pathogenesis, pathogen
pectoral muscle, pectoriloguy
pediatrics, pedal, pedestrian
pelvimetry, pelviolithotomy
peptide, peptone, Peptococcus
perineal, perineotomy
peritoneal, retroperitoneum
osteopetrosis, petroleum
phac, phak/o
phag/o
lens of the eye
eat, swallow
phacolysis, phacomatosis, phacomalacia
phagocytosis, macrophage,
erythrophagia
phalang/o
phalange (finger or toe phalangeal joint, metaphalanx
bone)
pharyng/o
pharynx
pharyngeal, nasopharyngitis
phas/o
speech
aphasia, dysphasia
phe/o
brown
pheochromocytoma, pheomelanin
phleb/o
vein
phlebectasis, phlebitis, phlebolith
phot/o
light
photosensitivity, photon
phren/o
mind
schizophrenia, phrenopathy
physi/o
nature
physiology, physiologist, physical
plasm/o
plasma
neoplasm, cytoplasmic, plasminogen
pleur/o
pleura
pleuritis, pleurisy, pleuralgia
pneumat/o
lung, air
pneumatosis
pneum/o,pneumon/o lung, air
pneumonectomy, pneumonitis,
pneumothorax
pod/o
foot
podocyte, anthropod
poikil/o
varid, irregular
poikilocytosis, poikiloderma
poli/o
gray matter
poliomyelitis, poliovirus
polyp/o
polyp, small growth
polypectomy, polypoid
porphyr/o
purple
porphyrin, porphyria
poster/o
back (of body)
posterolateral
prim/i
first
primigravida, primordium
proct/o
rectum
proctology, proctitis, proctoscope
prostat/o
prostate gland
prostatic acid phosphatase, prostatitis
prote/o
protein
proteolysis, protease, proteoglycan
pseud/o
false
pseudopolyposis, pseudocyst,
Pseudomonas
psych/o
mind
psychotherapy, psychology
pub/o
pubis
pubococcygeal. pubic
puerper/o
childbirth
puerperium, puerperal period
pulmon/o
lung
pulmonary artery, pulmonic
pupill/o
pupil
pupillotonia
py/o
pus
pyogenic, pyoderma, pyosalpinx
pyel/o
renal pelvis
pyelogram, pyelonephritis
pylor/o
pylorus (pyloric
pylorospasm, pyloroplasty
sphincter)
pyr/o
fever, heat
pyrogen, pyrophosphate, pyroglobulin
index↑
WORD ROOT
quadr/i
DEFINITION
four
EXAMPLE
quadrant, quadriceps muscle
index↑
WORD ROOT
rachi/o
rect/o
ren/o
DEFINITION
vertebra, spinal or
vertebral column
nerve root
nerve root
radius (lower arm
bone)
rectum
kidney
reticul/o
retin/o
rhabd/o
rhin/o
rhytid/o
network
retina
rod-shaped, stiated
nose
wrinkles
radic/o
radicul/o
radi/o
EXAMPLE
rachischisis, rachiocentesis,
rachiomyelitis
radicle, radicotomy
radiculitis, myeloradiculopathy
radiocarpal
rectocele, rectoscopy
adrenal, renin, renovascular
hypertension
reticular, reticulocyte, reticulosis
retinopathy, retinoblastoma
rhabdomyosarcoma, Rhabditis
rhinorrhea, rhinitis, rhinoscheroma
rhytidoplasty
index↑
WORD ROOT
salping/o
sarc/o
scapul/o
scler/o
scoli/o
seb/o
sial/o
sider/o
sigmoid/o
sinister/o
sin/o sinus/o
somat/o
somn/i,o
son/o
spermat/o
sperm/o
sphygm/o
DEFINITION
fallopian (uterine) tube
flesh, connective tissue
scapula (shoulder bone)
sclera, hard
crooked, curved
sebum (oil)
saliva
iron
sigmoid
left
sinus
body
sleep
sound
spermatozoan, sperm
spermatozoan, sperm
pulse
EXAMPLE
salpingotomy, salpingitis
sarcoma, sarcoplasmic reticulum
scapulectomy
arteriosclerosis, episclera, sclerotherapy
scoliosis, scoliometer
seborrhea, sebaceous gland
sialolith, sialadenitis, sialic acid
siderophage, hemosiderosis, sideroblast
sigmoidoscope, sigmoidectomy
sinistrad, sinistrous
sinoatrial node, sinusoid
somatostatin, somatic mutation
somnolence
ultrasonic, sonicator
spermatogonia, spermatocele
spermine
sphygmomanometer
spir/o
splen/o
spondyl/o
staped/o
staphyl/o
steat/o
stern/o
steth/o
stomat/o
strept/o
synovi/o
system/o
breathe, breathing
spleen
vertebra, spinal or
vertebral column
stapes (milddle ear
bone)
grape-like clusters
fatty
sternum (breastbone)
chest
mouth
twisted chains
synovia, synovial
membrane
system
spirometer, spirometry
asplenia, polysplenia, splenomegaly
spondylolysis, spondylitis
stapedial
Staphylococcus
steatorrhea, steatocystoma
sternocleidomastoid muscle
stethoscope, stethomyositis
stomatitis, stomatodysodia
Streptobacillus, streptolysin
synovitis, synovioma
systematic, systematology
index↑
WORD ROOT
tars/o
tars/o
tendin/o
tend/o
ten/o
terat/o
test/o
therm/o
DEFINITION
tarsals (ankle bones)
edge of eyelid, tarsal
(instep of foot)
tendon
tendon
tendon
malformed fetus
testis, testicle
heat
thorac/o
thromb/o
thorax (cheat)
clot
thym/o
thyroid/o
thymus gland
thyroid gland
thyr/o
tibi/o
toc/o
tom/o
ton/o
tonsill/o
thyroid gland
tibia (lower leg bone)
labor
cut, section
tension, pressure
tonsils
EXAMPLE
tarsotomy, metatarsal
tarsitis, tarsoorbital
tendinous, tendinitis
tendosynovitis
tenoplasty
teratoma, teratogenesis
testicular, testosterone
hypothermia, thermometer,
thermotherapy
thoracic duct, thoracolumbar spine
thrombolysis, thromboembolism,
thrombin
thymectomy, thymoma, thymosin
thyroidectomy, thyroiditis,
hyperthyroidism
thyroglossal duct, thyroglobulin
tibioperoneal
eutocia, tocus, tocophenol
tomography, tomotocia
atonic, tonofilament, hypertonic
tonsillitis, tonsillectomy
top/o
toxic/o
trachel/o
trache/o
trich/o
place
poison
neck, necklike
trachea
hair
tympan/o
eardrum, middle ear
ectopia, topography, topology
toxicology, toxicosis, toxicoderma
trachelectomy, trachelocyllosis
tracheostomy, tracheobronchitis
Trichomonas, Trichophyton,
trichilemmal
tympanometry, tympanoplasty
index↑
WORD ROOT
uln/o
ungu/o
ureter/o
urethr/o
urin/o
ur/o
uter/o
uvul/o
DEFINITION
ulna (lower arm bone)
nail
ureter
urethra
urine, urinary tract
urine, urinary tract
uterus
uvula
EXAMPLE
ulnocarpal, ulnar deviation
ungual, unguligradation
hydroureter, ureteroscope
urethroscope, urethritis
urinometry, urinalysis, uriniferous
urology, urobilinogen, uremia
intrauterine, uterovaginal
uvulitis, uvulectomy
index↑
WORD ROOT
DEFINITION
EXAMPLE
vagin/o
valvul/o
vas/o
ven/o
ventricul/o
verd/o
vertebr/o
vagina
valve
vessel, duct
vein
ventricle
green
vertebra, spinal or
verebral column
bladder, sac
seminal vesicles
virus
internal organs
vulva
vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis
valvuloplasty
vasodilation, vasotomy, vasa vasorum
venous, venoocclusive disease
ventriculitis, intraventricular
biliverdin, verdohemoglobin
paravertebral, invertebrate
vesic/o
vesicul/o
vir/o
viscer/o
vulv/o
vesical, vesicoureteral, vesicle
vesiculogram, vesiculitis
viremia, virology, viruria, virocyte
visceral, viscerology
vulvar, vulvovaginitis
index↑
WORD ROOT
xanth/o
DEFINITION
yellow
xer/o
dry
EXAMPLE
xanthoma, xanthogranuloma,
xanthochromia
xeroderma, xerosis
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
A
M
B
N
C
P
D
R
E
S
H
T
I
U
J
X
TOP↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
aabadananaanteantiapo-
DEFINITION
without or absence of
from, away from
to, toward
without or absence of
up, again, backward
before
against
upon
index
EXAMPLE
ataxia, aplasia, aphasia, atypia
absorption, abduct, abnormal
adhesion, adduct, adrenal
anorexia, anethesia, anaerobic, anemia
anaphylactic shock, analysis, anaplasia
antenatal, antefebrile, anteflexion
antibody, antitrypsin, antithrombin
apoprotein, apoplexy, aponeurosis
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
bibinbrady-
DEFINITION
two
two
slow
EXAMPLE
bicupspid, bilateral, bicarbonate, biphasic
binaural, binocular
bradycardia, bradykinin
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
catacircumconcontra-
DEFINITION
down
around
together
against
EXAMPLE
cataplasia, cataracta, catabolism
circumocular, circumcision, circumference
congenital, concentric, conjugation
contralateral, contraindication
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
de-
DEFINITION
from, down from, lack of
didiplodiadis-
two, twice
double
through
to, undo, free from
EXAMPLE
deformity, dehydration, deoxyribonucleic
acid
dimer, diminobenzidine, nitrogen dioxide
diplopia, diploid
diaphragm, dialysis, diarrhea, diaper
disorientation, disinfection, dissociation
dys-
difficult, labored, painful,
abnormal
dysuria, dysfunction, dystrophy, dysplasia
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
eectoendo-
DEFINITION
out
outside, outer
within
epiesoeuexexoextra-
on, upon, over
inward
normal, good
outside, outward
outside, outward
outside of, beyond
EXAMPLE
eruption, evert, effusion, efferent
ectoderm, ectopic, ectocervix
endoplasmic reticulum, endoscopy,
endorphin
epidermis, epicardium, epiglottis, epistaxis
esogastritis, esophoria
euthyroid, eutopic, euphoria
exacerbation, excise, extraction, external
exotoxin, exostosis, exophthalmus
extracellular, extrauterine, extravasation
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
hemihyperhypo-
DEFINITION
half
above, excessive
below, incomplete,
deficient
EXAMPLE
hemithyroidectomy, hemisphere, hemiparesis
hypertrophy, hypertension, hyperemia
hypoplasia, hypoventilation, hypophysis
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
ininfrainterintra-
DEFINITION
in, into, not
under, below
between
within
EXAMPLE
incision, indigestion, incontinence
infraclavicular, infrascapular
intermittent, intercostal, intercellular
intravenous, intracranial, intracytoplasmic
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
juxta-
DEFINITION
near, beside
EXAMPLE
juxtaposition, juxtaosseous, juxaglomerular
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
malmegamegalomesometamicro-
DEFINITION
bad
large
mally large
middle
after, beyond, change
small
EXAMPLE
malnutrition, malformation, malignancy
megacolon, megakaryocyte
cardiomegaly, megaloblast, megalopenia
mesencephalon, mesocolon, mesentery
metabolism, metastasis, metamorphosis
microsurgery, microcephalic, microscope
multi-
many
multiple, multicentric, multinucleated
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
neonulli-
DEFINITION
new
none
EXAMPLE
neoplastic, neonate, neocortex
nullipara, nulliparity
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
pachypanparaperperipleopolypostprepro-
DEFINITION
thick
all, total
beside, beyond, around
though
surrounding (outer)
increase, too much
many, much
after
in front of, before
before
EXAMPLE
pachyderma, pachygyria
panencephalitis, pancytopenia
paraneoplastic, paranasal, paraplegia
percutaneous, pertrochanteric, perforation
pericyte, pericardium, peripheral
pleomorphism, pleocytosis
polyposis, polyneuropathy, polyclonal
postnasal, postpartal, postprandial
precancerous, prepuce, pretibial
prolapse, progression, promyelocyte
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
reretro-
DEFINITION
back
back, behind
EXAMPLE
reflex, remission, reconstruction
retroperitoneum, retrograde, retrogression
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
semisubsupersuprasymsyn-
DEFINITION
half
under, below
over, above
above
together, joined
together, joined
EXAMPLE
semilunar, seminormal, semicoma
subside, sublingual, subacute
superacute, supernatant, superficial
supraoptic, suprabasal, supraventricular
symbiosis, sympathetic, symmetry
synapse, syncope, synthesis, synergism
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
tachytetratranstri-
DEFINITION
fast, rapid
four
through, across, beyond
three
EXAMPLE
tachypnea, tachycardia
tetraplegia, tetramethyl, tetralogy
transmission, transportation, transhepatic
triad, tricuspid valve, triiodothyronine
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
ultrauniun-
DEFINITION
beyond, exess
one
not
EXAMPLE
ultrasonic, ultraviolet, ultrafiltration
unicellular, unilocular, uniform
unconsciousness, unsaturated
index↑
ＰＲＥＦＩＸ
xero-
DEFINITION
dry
EXAMPLE
xerosis, xeroderma
SUFＦＩＸ
A
M
C
O
D
P
E
R
F
S
G
T
I
U
L
Y
TOP↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-ac
-agra
-al
-algia
-apheresis
-ar
-ary
-ase
-asthenia
-atresia
DEFINITION
pertaining to
excessive pain
pertaining to
pain
removal
pertaining to
pertaining to
enzyme
weakness
absence of a normal body
opening, occlusion, closure
index↑
EXAMPLE
cardiac, celiac, ileac, ischiac
clidagra, celiagra, melagra, pellagra
skeletal, bronchial, psychological
myalgia, gastralgia, gonalgia, arthralgia
plasmapheresis
muscular, ocular, molar, hilar
urinary, pulmonary
lipase, elastase, peroxidase, amylase
myasthenia gravis, thrombasthenia
duodenal atresia
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-capnia
-cele
-centesis
-cidal
-clasia
-clasis
-cle
DEFINITION
pertaining to carbon dioxide
hernia, protrusion
surgical puncture to aspirate
fluid
killing
break
break
little
EXAMPLE
hypercapnia, hypocapnia
cystocele, meningocele, mucocele
celiocentesis, thoracocentesis
bactericidal, suicidal
osteoclasia
karyoclasis
article, particle
-clysis
irrigating, washing
-coccus (pl.cocci) berry shaped (a form of
bacterium)
-crit
to separate
-cule
little
-cyte
cell
enteroclysis
Streptococcus, Enterococcus
hematocrit
animalcule
thrombocyte, oocyte, keratinocyte
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-desis
-drome
-dynia
DEFINITION
surgical fixation, fusion
run, running
pain
EXAMPLE
pleurodesis
syndrome, palindrome
cephalodynia, coccydynia
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-eal
-ectasis
-ectomy
-ectopia
-emesis
-emia
-er
-esis
DEFINITION
EXAMPLE
pertaining to
esophageal, pharyngeal, coccygeal
streching out, dilatation,
bronchiectasis, lymphangiectasis,
expansion
telangiectasis
excision or surgical removal tonsillectomy, splenectomy, gastrectomy
displacement
ectopia
vomiting
hematemesis, emesis
blood condition
hyperemia, hypokelemia, leukemia, anemia
one who
killer, helper, inducer
condition
amniocentesis, diaphoresis
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-form
DEFINITION
resembling
EXAMPLE
cerebriform, fusiform, storiform, plexiform
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-gen
-genesis
-genic
-gram
-graph
-graphy
DEFINITION
substance or agent that
produces or causes
origin, cause
producing, originating,
causing
record, X-ray film
instrument used to record
process of recording, X-ray
filming
EXAMPLE
allergen, pathogen, glycogen, pyrogen
oxygen, nitrogen, fibrinogen
cytogenesis, pathogenesis
pathogenic, iatrogenic, cardiogenic
sonogram, encephalogram, air bronchogram
spirograph, micrograph
roentgenography, radiography
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-ia
-ial
-iasis
-iatry
-ic
-ician
-ictal
-ism
-itis
DEFINITION
condition of diseased or
abnormal state
pertaining to
condition
physician, treatment
pertaining to
one who
seizure, attack
state of
inflammation
EXAMPLE
insomnia, anemia, pneumonia, hyperplasia
axial, myocardial, facial
amebiasis, elephantiasis, nephrolithiasis
psychiatry
pelvic, hyperplastic, gastric, toxic
clinician, technician, orthopedician
postictal, preictal
hirsutism, anabolism, hyperthyroidism
esophagitis, gastritis, colitis, osteitis
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-lalia
-lepsy
-let
-lysis
DEFINITION
speech, bubble
seizure
little
loosing, dissolution,
separating
EXAMPLE
echolalia
narcolepsy, epilepsy
tumorlet, ringlet, doublet, triplet
hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, analysis
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-malacia
-mania
-megaly
-meter
-metry
-morphic
DEFINITION
softening
madness, insane desire
enlargement
instrumental used to
measure
measurement
form, shape
EXAMPLE
osteomalacia, encephalomalacia
maniac, onomatomania
hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly, splenomegaly
ergometer, thermometer, parameter
spirometry, morphometry
monomorphic, pleomorphic, polymorphic
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-odia
-odynia
-oid
-ole
-ologist
-ology
-oma
-opia
DEFINITION
smell
pain
resembling
little
one who studies and
practices (specialist)
study of
tumor, swelling
vision (condition)
EXAMPLE
polypodia, sympodia
cardiodynia, gastrodynia
mucoid, osteoid, amyloid, adenoid, lipoid
arteriole
physiolosist, pathologist, cytologist
physiology, radiology, pathology
osteoma, teratoma, hepatoma, carcinoma
diplopia, gerontopia, nyctalopia
-opsy
-orrhagia
-orrhaphy
-orrhea
-orrhexis
-osis
-ostomy
-ous
-oxia
to view
rapid flow of blood
suturing, repairing
flow, excessive discharge
rupture
abnormal condition (means
increased when used with
blood cell word roots)
creation of an artificial
opening
pertaining to
pertaining to oxygen
biopsy, necropsy, autopsy
metrorrhagia
cystorrhaphy, hymenorrhaphy
amenorrhea, galactorrhea
karyorrhexis, enterorrhexis
neurosis, diverticulosis, alkalosis
leucocytosis, erythrocytosis
cholecystostomy, colostomy, tracheostomy,
gastrostomy
venous, mucous, cutaneous, ferrous
hypoxia, anoxia, asphyxia
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-paresis
-pathy
-penia
-pepsia
-pexy
-phagia
-phasia
-phil
-philia
-philic
-phobia
-phonia
-phoria
-physis
-plasia
-plasm
-plasty
-plegia
-pnea
DEFINITION
slight paralysis
disease
abnormal reduction in
number
digestion
surgical fixation,
suspension
eating, swallowing
speech
cells with staining reactions
EXAMPLE
hemiparesis
encephalopathy, neuropathy, mastopathy
leukopenia, thromocytopenia, lymphopenia
dyspepsia, apepsia
uteropexy, nephropexy
omniphagia, erythrophagia
aphasia
neutrophil, basophil, acidophil, oxyphil,
chlorophil
love
eosinophilia, hemophilia
attracting, absorbing
hydrophilic, neutrophilic, basophilic
abnormal fear of oraversion chromophobia, phobophobia, hydrophobia,
to specific, objects or things laliophobia
pertaining to sound, or
dysphonia, aphonia
voice
feeling
euphoria
growth
hypophysis, epiphysis, metaphysis
formation, development, a hyperplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia, aplasia,
growth
desmoplasia
growth,substance,formation cytoplasm, neoplasm, ergastoplasm
plastic or surgical repair
septoplasty, tympanoplasty
paralysis
paraplegia, tetraplegia
breathing
dyspnea, orthopnea, tachypnea
-poiesis
-porosis
-prandial
-praxia
-ptosis
-ptysis
formation
passage
meal
in front of, before
dropping, sagging, prolapse
spitting
erythropoiesis, hematopoiesis
osteoporosis
postprandial, preprandial
apraxia, dyspraxia
nephroptosis, ptosis, gastroptosis
hemoptysis
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-rhage
-rhea
DEFINITION
bursting
flow, discharge
EXAMPLE
hemorrhage, lymphorrhage
diarrhea, lymphorrhea, amenorrhea
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-salpinx
-sarcoma
-schisis
-sclerosis
-scope
-scopy
-sepsis
-spasm
-stalsis
-stasis
-stenosis
-stomy
DEFINITION
fallopian tube
malignant tumor
split, fissure
handening
instrument used for visual
examination
visual examination
infection
sudden involuntary muscle
contraction
contraction
control, stop
constriction, narrowing
surgical creation of an
opening
EXAMPLE
hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx
osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma
retinoschisis
glomerulosclerosis, atherosclerosis
cystoscope, stethoscope, endoscope
uteroscope, telescope
laparoscopy, bronchoscopy, proctoscopy
asepsis
angiospasm, bronchospasm, colpospasm
peristalsis
menostasis, cholestasis, hemostasis
tracheostenosis
colostomy, cutaneostomy, tracheostomy
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-thorax
-tocia
-tome
-tomy
-tripsy
-trophy
-tropic
DEFINITION
chest
birth, labor
instrument used to cut
incision, cutting
surgical crushing
nourishment, developement
acting on
EXAMPLE
pneumothorax, hydrothorax
tomotocia
dermatome, microtome
laparotomy, anatomy, thoracotomy
lithotripsy
atrophy, dystrophy, hypertrophy
gonadotropic, corticotropic
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-ule
-uria
DEFINITION
little
urine, urination
EXAMPLE
venule, tubule, granule, lobule
pollakiuria, oliguria, anuria
index↑
SUFＦＩＸ
-y
DEFINITION
condition of
EXAMPLE
atony, telepathy