Organic Compounds
I Organic compounds
A. General information
1. Organic compounds contain __Carbon___
2. More than __90_% of all known compounds are organic.
3. Carbon has __4__ valence electrons (bonding sites).
It can form __single, double___, or triple _ bonds
Carbon has 3 forms:__graphite_, diamond, and fullerenes
B. Hydrocarbons
1. Hydrocarbons are made up of hydrogen_and _carbon
2. The longer the chain, the higher the _boiling point.
3. There are 3 arrangements.
a. Straight chains
b. Branched chains
c. Rings
4. They are grouped by the types of _bonds_ they have.
(Single, double, or triple)
a. Alkanes
1. They have only _single_ bonds
2. These are the major components in petroleum
products (propane, butane, etc.)
b. Alkenes
1. These have at least one __double_bond
2. They are more reactive than __alkanes___
c. Alkynes
1. These have at least one _triple__bond.
C. Isomers
1. Compounds with the same molecular_formula but
different structural formulas are called isomers_
2. They have different properties___
II. Esters
A. Esters are used to produce _flavors_ and scents_
B. Examples:
Air fresheners, candles, artificial flavors
III. Polymers
A. Polymers are made up of _monomers__
1. “Poly” means _many_
2. “mono” means _one__
B. 2 Types of polymers
1. Synthetic (_man_ _made_)
a. Examples
1. __rubber__
There was a shortage of natural rubber during
__WWII_.
Tires are stronger with _synthetic__rubber.
2.
3. __Nylon____
Nylon fibers are very __strong_
Used in __parachutes_, __tents__, __ropes , and
_clothes__
4. ___polyethylene___
Found in: plastics
The more carbon atoms in the chain, the
___stronger_ the polymer
5. __polystyrene___
Styrofoam
2. Natural
a. Examples
1. Starches
Examples: carbohydrates
2. Cellulose
Examples: tree trunks, celery
3. Nucleic Acids
Examples: DNA, RNA