ENGLISH PAPER 1
Comprehension .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Visual literacy ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Advertising and Cartoons.................................................................................................................................................. 2
Language ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Figures of speech .............................................................................................................................................................. 2
Levels of language............................................................................................................................................................. 3
Subjective and Objective .............................................................................................................................................. 3
Fact and opinion ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Denotation and Connotation ........................................................................................................................................ 3
Sentences .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Phrases and clauses .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Editing ................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Comma splice error ........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Concord error ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
© Samir Daniels
English Paper 1
Page 1
COMPREHENSION
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Take your time
Take as long as 40-45 minutes with the comprehension
Read the questions
Understand what they’re asking
SUMMARY
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Follow the instructions
o Point form or number form?
o Paragraph form?
What are they asking you to summarise?
Highlight or underline in the text what you’re looking for
o Write it over in your own words
o Try not to quote directly from the text
o Don’t use irrelevant information
Write a draft first
Don’t abbreviate or use contractions
Make sure you use full sentences, but sentences that are to the point.
Don’t repeat anything
Don’t put in any irrelevant information.
Don’t write more than what they ask you. You will lose marks – even for 1 word.
o Indicate the number of words
VISUAL LITERACY
ADVERTISING AND CARTOONS
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Read the questions, know what they’re asking
LANGUAGE
FIGURES OF SPEECH
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Apostrophe
o Addressing something that’s not alive as if it were human
Antithesis
o Compares and contradicts ideas within a sentence
Paradox
o Contradictory sentence which when analysed, seem true
Irony
o Implies the opposite
Satire
o Wit or irony to ridicule weakness
Parody
o Imitation or exaggeration to create humour
© Samir Daniels
English Paper 1
Page 2
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Litotes
o Negative and an opposite to understate what is intended
Euphemism
o Express an uncomfortable situation in a sensitive way
Innuendo
o Remark which hints at something without saying it directly
Synecdoche
o A part used for a whole (Australia won the cricket)
Metonymy
o Something associated with the object that represents the object (hotel has a nice table)
Malapropism
o Using the wrong word that sound similar to the right word
Spoonerism
o Mixing up initial sounds of spoken words
LEVELS OF LANGUAGE
SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE
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Subjective
o Personal and biased
o One-sided point of view
Objective
o Fair and unbiased
o Takes all sides into account
FACT AND OPINION
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Fact is a definite statement
Opinion is based on subjective views
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
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Denotation
o Dictionary meaning of the word
o Literal and obvious
Connotation
o Figurative association surrounding the word
SENTENCES
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Simple sentence – deals with one idea
Compound sentence – two or more finite verbs in a combined sentence
Complex sentence – contains clauses
PHRASES AND CLAUSES
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Both phrases and clauses are arranged within a sentence and conveys a single idea.
A phrase can never stand alone – it is part of a sentence
A clause always contains a finite verb
© Samir Daniels
English Paper 1
Page 3
EDITING
COMMA SPLICE ERROR
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Using the comma instead of a full stop
o Don’t use a comma between clauses
CONCORD ERROR
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The subject and the verb must agree with each other
o A group of dogs is attacking
o All of the dogs are attacking
Nouns and pronouns must agree
o Everyone is doing his best
© Samir Daniels
English Paper 1
Page 4