Iyunim Bitkumat Israel
Gender in Israel
New Studies on Gender in the Yishuv and State
Iyunim Bitkumat Israel
Thematic Series
Gender in Israel
New Studies on Gender in the Yishuv and State
Edited by
Margalit Shilo, Gideon Katz
The Ben-Gurion Research Institute
FOR THE STUDY OF ISRAEL AND ZIONISM
BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV
Editors:Margalit Shilo and Gideon Katz
Assistant Editor:
Orna Miller
Editorial Board:
Gur Alroey, Avi Bareli, Yaffa Berlovitch,
Deborah Bernstein, Hannah Nave
Style Editing:Keren Gliklich, Nurit Valk
Editorial Coordinator:Smadar Rothman
Production Manager:Shaul Shragai
English Editing:Moshe Tlamim
ISBN 978-965-510-076-1
© 2011
All Rights Reserved
The Ben-Gurion Research Institute
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Cover Design: Shai Zauderer
Photo Typesetting: Shulamit Yerushalmi, Jerusalem
Printed by Art Plus, Jerusalem
Contents
Introduction
Margalit Shilo, Gideon Katz
Society as Gender Designer, Gender as Social Designer
1
Vol. 1: The Yishuv Period
Women Workers in a Bind
Talia Pfefferman
Women’s Silence in ‘The Life of a Worker in her
Homeland’ (1935) by Henya Pekelman
23
Meir Chazan
The Revolt within the Revolt: The Struggle of the Women of
Ein Harod to Pull Guard Duty in 1936
50
Motherhood and Medicalization
Sachlav Stoler-Liss, Shifra Shvarts
‘The Hygiene of a Woman’s Life’ – Gender, Nationalism
and Labor in the Writing of the Gynecologist Dr. Miriam
Aharonova (1889-1967)
85
Dafna Hirsch
The Medicalization of Motherhood Ethnic Relations and the
Education of Jewish Mizrahi Mothers in Mandate Palestine
106
Tammy Razi
‘My Daughter Burns like Fire’: Mothers and Neglected
Daughters in Tel Aviv during the 1930s and 1940s
140
Bat-Sheva Margalit-Stern
The ‘Law of Nature’ versus the ‘Dictate of the Movement’: Motherhood and Non-Motherhood in the Yishuv (1920-1945)
170
Anat Granit-Hacohen
A Public or Private Account, a Case Study: Recruit
Mothers in the British Forces in World War Two 198
Professionalism and Gender
Zipora Shehory-Rubin
Dr. Bat Sheva Yonis-Guttman: A Prototype of Zionist Doctor
in Eretz-Israel During the Last Years of the Ottoman Period
231
Eyal Katvan
‘Women in a Male Toga’: Women’s Integration into the Legal
Profession in the Yishuv and Israel
263
Rakefet Zalashik, Nadav Davidovitch
Gender and Mental Health in the Yishuv and During the First
Decade of the State of Israel
306
Omi Leissner
Where to Have the Baby? The National Laws for
Parturition during the British Mandate
336
When Women Organize: The Advantages and Cost
Yaffa Berlovitz Women’s Meeting Points in the Early Days of the ‘New Yishuv’
(1878-1918): A Look of their Writings
369
Lilach Rosenberg-Friedman
Conservatism Blazes the Trail: The Image of Women
Religious-Zionist Leaders in the Yishuv 409
Vol. 2: The State Period
Gender Residue
Orit Kamir
Zionism, Masculinity and Feminism 443
Sigal Barkai Masculinities in the Theater: The Bunker as the Locus
of the Clash between Forms of Israeli Masculinity
471
Liat Steir-Livny
The Threefold Exile: The Female Holocaust Survivor in
Israeli Cinema
497
Anat Zanger
Between the Sea and the Mikva: The Mermaids’ Voice in
Contemporary Israeli Cinema
521
Communications and Instruction Strengthen Female Identity
Einat Lachover
Models of Femininity in Israeli Women’s Magazines
During the Six-Day War
545
Rivka Neria-Ben-Shahar
Images and Representations of Haredi (Ultra-Orthodox) Women
in the Haredi Women’s Press since the Founding of the Israel
580
Isaac Hershkowitz
‘The Purpose of Creation is Man’: Women’s Status in a Polemic
on Marital Therapy in Haredi (Ultra-Orthodox) Societies
623
The Law and Gender Shaping
Anat Herbst
‘The State is the Protector of Women and Children’:
Child Support (Payment Assurance)
651
Michal Frenkel, Daphna Hacker, Yael Braudo
Working Families in Law and Justice:
Neo-Liberalism and Human Rights
682
Transformational Processes in Gender Awareness
Einat Ramon
Ada Fishman-Maimon: Jewish Feminism and Israeli
Parliamentary Legislation
731
Ilan Fuchs
Rabbi Shagar and Cultural Feminism
771
Inbal Cicurel , Rachel Sharaby
Women Instructing Women: The Role of Female Instructors
at Absorption Centers for Ethiopian Immigrants 790
Lily Rattok
‘The Secret that Turns the Helpless into Heroes’: Female
Empowerment in the Work of Amalia Kahana-Carmon
816
Abstracts i