Name ________________________________________ period __________ date _________
AP BIO- 2nd QTR 6 Week Test Review
Cellular Respiration
1. In the following reaction, C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy, identify which
is reduced and which is oxidized:
a. Glucose is _____oxidized_____
b. Oxygen is __reduced_____
2. Place and “x” in the blanks of the stages of cellular respiration that reduce NAD+
a. __x_Glycolysis
c. __ x _Krebs/ Citric Acid Cycle
b. __ x Pyruvate processing
d. _____ETC
3. Place and “x” in the blanks of the stages of aerobic respiration that function whether or
not oxygen is present
a. _ x __Glycolysis
c. _____Krebs/ Citric Acid Cycle
b. _____Pyruvate processing
d. _____ETC
4. Glycolysis cannot function without the presence of NAD+: how do the ETC and
fermentation return NAD+ to glycolysis?
Rearrangement of pyruvate to store electrons obtained from NADH as lactic acid or ethanol;
NADH becomes NAD+ when lose electrons
5. How many oxygen molecules are required in the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon
dioxide and water via aerobic respiration? ___6___
6. Write the net number of molecules produced during each of the phases of Aerobic
respiration. Do not write in the blank if the molecule is not produced.
ATP
NADH
FADH2
CO2
H2O
Glycolysis
2
2
Pyruvate processing
2
2
Krebs
2
6
2
4
ETC
6
7. During cellular respiration, where are the following molecules found: cytosol, matrix, or
inter-membrane space of cristae
a. _____matrix____Acetyl Co-A?
b. _____ matrix ________Oxaloacetate?
c. _____Cristae________ATP synthase?
d. _____cytosol________Glucose?
e. _____cristae________Oxygen?
8. Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in
eukaryotic cells? _______inner membrane space of the cristae_________
9. Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?
Where does this stage occur in the cell? ____glycolysis____; ____cytosol/ cytoplasm__
10.Which molecule is the final acceptor of electrons? ___oxygen (O2)______
Photosynthesis
11.Identify the major products of each of the following:
a. ____ATP_____; ____NADH_____Light dependent reaction (2)?
b. ____electrons and H+_____Splitting water molecules?
c. _____CO2____Calvin cycle?
12.What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
Photosynthesis reduces CO2/ produces glucose/ stores energy/ decreases entropy
Cell Respiration oxidizes glucose/ produces ATP energy/ releases energy/ increases entropy
13.What happens to the electrons in the reaction centers of chlorophyll when photons hits
them?
Electrons are excited and jump up to an e- carrier (pheophytin or ferrdoxin)
14.Which color wavelengths are absorbed by:
a. __blue ________; ___red _______Chlorophylls?
b. _____green______Carotenoids?
15.When do these activities occur: night, day, or both?
a. ______day______Photosynthesis- PSII and PSI?
b. ______ both ____________Photosynthesis- Calvin cycle?
c. ______both________Respiration?
d. _______ day ___________removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules?
16.Where do these activities occur: cytosol, stroma, thylakoid membrane
a. _____stroma____________Calvin cycle?
b. ______thylakoid_________PSII?
c. ______ thylakoid ________PSI?
17.During which stage do the following activities occur: PSII, PSI, Calvin Cycle
a. _____PSII________Split water to release oxygen?
b. ____Calvin__________Synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide?
c. _____PSI________Reduce NADP+ to NADPH?
d. ____Calvin_________Oxidize NADPH to NADP+?
e. _____Calvin_________Requires CO2 ?
Energetics:
18.Photosynthesis or Respiration?
a. _____respiration_______ Reduction of NAD+?
b. _____photosynthesis_____ Reduction of NADP+?
c. _____ respiration _____ Oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water?
d. _____ photosynthesis ____ Reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose and other
small molecules?
e. _____ respiration ______ C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
f. _____ photosynthesis _____ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
19.In mitochondria, chemiosmosis moves protons from the matrix into the intermembrane
space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis moves protons from the __water
molecules___ to the ______inner membrane of the thylakoid____. (hint: where is ATP
synthase?)
DNA Synthesis and Repair
20.For a science fair project, two students decided to repeat the Hershey and Chase
experiment, with modifications. They decided to label the nitrogen of the DNA, rather
than the phosphate. They reasoned that each nucleotide has only one phosphate and two
to five nitrogens. Thus, labeling the nitrogens would provide a stronger signal than
labeling the phosphates. Why won't this experiment work?
Both DNA and protein have nitrogen (CHON)
21.If a sample of DNA contained 35% thymine, what would be the percentages of
a. ____35%_______Adenine?
b. ____15%_______Guanine?
c. ____15%_______Cytosine?
22.What type of bond is found between:
a. _____Phosphodiester_______Nucleotides in the sugar-phosphate backbone?
b. _____hydrogen___________Complementary base pairs in double stranded DNA?
23.Describe the semiconservative model of DNA synthesis.
Hydrogen bonds between complimentary base pairs are cut. Each strand is used as a template to
build a new complimentary strand of DNA. Results in two DNA molecules that are identical to
the original DNA (ideal).
24.
a. __C___ Which structure is responsible for stabilizing DNA in its single-stranded
form?
b. ___B___ Which of the structures in the figure causes the two strands of DNA to
separate?
c. ___A____ Which of the structures in the figure adds nucleotides to the growing
DNA strand?
25.Put the following steps of DNA replication in chronological order.
a. ___2____ Single-stranded binding proteins attach to DNA strands.
b. ___1_____ Hydrogen bonds between base pairs of antiparallel strands are broken.
c. ___3____ Primase binds to the site of origin.
d. ___5____ DNA polymerase binds to the template strand.
e. ___4_____ An RNA primer is created.
26.Refer to the figure above. What bases will be added to the primer as DNA replication
proceeds? The bases should appear in the new strand in the order that they will be added
starting at the end of the primer.
5’AGACGAC3’
Proteins Involved in DNA Synthesis
Process
Protein
Function
Opening the 1. C
Breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs
helix
2. G
Stabilizes single-stranded DNA
3. H
Breaks and rejoins DNA strand to untwist
the double helix
Synthesis of 1. E
Catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primer
leading strand 2. B
Adds bases to the growing DNA strand
3. F
Holds DNA polymerase in place during
strand elongation
Synthesis of 1. E
Catalyzes the synthesis of RNA primers
the lagging
2. B
Adds bases to the growing end of the
strand
3. F
Okazaki fragment
Holds DNA polymerase in place during
4. A
strand elongation
5. D
Removes the RNA primer and replaces it
with DNA
Joins Okazaki fragments into a continuous
strand
27.Identify the enzymes responsible for the functions
a. DNA polymerase I
d. Ligase
g. SS binding proteins
b. DNA polymerase III
e. Primase
h. Topoisomerase
c. Helicase
f. Sliding clamp
28.Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading during DNA replication? ______DNA Pol
III______________
29.The transduction experiments done by Hershey and Chase, and the transformation
experiments done by Griffith, supported the same conclusion, which was that
______DNA________ is the molecular substance of genetic inheritance
30.What is the cause of XP?
Failure of nucleotide excision repair mechanism
31.Hershey and Chase set out to determine what molecule served as the unit of inheritance.
They completed a series of transduction experiments in which E. coli was infected by a
T2 virus. Which molecular component of the T2 virus actually ended up inside the cell?
DNA
32._______ Multiple Choice: Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which
pathway?
a. pyruvate → citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen
b. citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen
c. glycolysis → NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen
d. citric acid cycle → FADH2 → electron transport chain → ATP
e. electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen
33._______ Multiple Choice: Which of the following sequences correctly represents the
flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
a. NADPH → O2 → C O2
b. NADPH → electron transport chain → O2
c. H2O → photosystem I → photosystem II
d. NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle
e. H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle
34._______ Multiple Choice: How are the light-dependent and light-independent reactions
of photosynthesis related?
a. The products of light-dependent reactions are used in light-independent reactions.
b. The products of light-independent reactions must be present for light-dependent
reactions to take place.
c. The products of light-independent reactions are used in light-dependent reactions.
d. They are not related.
35._______ Multiple Choice: Watson and Crick elucidated the structure of DNA in 1953.
Their research built on and helped explain the findings of other scientists, includinga. X-ray diffraction studies by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins.
b. Scientists who recognized that a nucleotide consisted of a sugar, a phosphate, and a
nitrogen-containing base.
c. Chargaff's rules: C = G and T = A.
d. All of the above were important considerations in the elucidation of the structure of
DNA.