Genetic Privacy Laws─50 State Survey
Who Needs Consent
from Patient?
This list does not include statutes that exclusively restrict employers, or genetic counseling acts.
Key: An x indicates that the statement, prohibition (or whatever the category is) is explicit. [] indicates that the statement is implied.
State
Statute
Act or statute title
Notes
No genetic
testing
statute, but
healthcare
information
statute may
apply
Applies to issuers of health
benefit plans─can't require test
Forbids
Genetic test
Applies to
disclosure of
or analysis
health
person's
defined
insurers
identity
x
x
Cannot
require /
request
test
Alabama
Ala. Code § 27-53-1 et seq.
Genetic testing for cancer
Alaska
Alaska Stat. § 18.13.010
Genetic Privacy Act
x
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 12-2801 et seq.
Genetic Testing Act
x
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 20-448.02
Unfair Practices and Frauds
x
Ark. Code Ann. § 23-66-320
Genetic Nondiscrimination in Insurance Act
Applies to insurers
x
Ark. Code Ann. § 20-35-101 et seq.
Genetic Research Studies Nondisclosure Act
Protects research records of
subjects in genetic research
studies and stored tissues
x
Cal. Civ. Code § 56.17
Genetic test results; unlawful disclosure; written
authorization; penalties
Prevents disclosure of genetic
test results
Cal. Health & Safety Code § 1358.24
...Compliance with federal Genetic Information
Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
Applies to issuers of Medicare;
can't determine eligibility based
on genetic information
Cal. Ins. Code § 10123.35
...Self-insured employee welfare benefit plans;
genetic test results…
Applies to self-insured welfare
benefit plan
Cal. Ins. Code § 10140.1
...Unlawful disclosure; written authorization...
Applies to insurers licensed to
issue life or disability insurance
Cal. Ins. Code § 10146 et seq.
Underwriting on the basis of test of genetic
characteristics
Applies to insurers; can't
determine eligibility based on
genetic information
x
x
x
Cal. Ins. Code § 10192.24
...Compliance with federal Genetic Information
Nondiscrimination Act of 2008
Applies to issuers of Medicare;
can't determine eligibility based
on genetic information
x
x
x
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 10-3-1104.6
Genetic information...legislative declaration
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 10-3-1104.7
Genetic testing...limitations on disclosure of
information
Prevents insurers from using
genetic information to deny
coverage
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-988 & -988a
Insurance Information and Privacy Protection Act
Applies only to insurance
institutions
Del. Code tit. 16, § 1220 et seq.
Genetic information
Del. Code tit. 18, § 2317
Genetics based discrimination
D.C. Code § 2-1402.31
x
Any
person
Healthcare
provider
Consent by Patient Required To:
Perform /
Obtain / access
Retain
require
genetic
genetic
genetic
information
information
test
Defined as Personal
Property, Private,
Confidential, or
Privileged
Exceptions
Disclose/release
genetic information
Must notify
person that
Specific
Medical
requirements
DNA
repositories or
for consent
analysis
registries
form?
was
conducted
Research or Research if deeducation
identified
Any purpose
if deidentified
Diagnosis
Genetic
information
DNA
samples
x
[]
Specific
penalties for
genetic
privacy
violations
x
X
[]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
[]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
x (unless
person
consents)
x
x
x (if deidentified)
x
[]
x
x
x
[]
x
x
[]
x
x
x
[]
x
x
x
[]
x
[]
x
x
x
x
x
[]
[]
[]
[]
x
x
x
[]
x
[]
x
[]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
[]
x
x
[]
x
[]
Prevents discrimination re:
insurance issuance
x
x
Human Rights Law
Prevents discrimination based on
genetic information
x
x
x
Fla. Stat. § 627.4301
Genetic information for insurance purposes
Applies to insurers; prevents
insurers from using genetic
information
x
x
Fla. Stat. § 760.40
Genetic testing; informed consent; confidentiality;
penalties; notice of use of results
Applies to DNA analysis
Ga. Code Ann. § 33-54-2 et seq.
Genetic testing
Delaware
District of
Columbia
x
x
x
[]
x
x (if for marketing)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
[]
x
x
x
Florida
Georgia
Scott Smith, Platte S. Nielson, and Beth Kennedy
x (DNA
analysis)
[]
x
[]
x
x
[]
x
x
[]
x
Genetic Privacy Laws: 50
State Survey
x
x
x
x
x
x (results of
DNA
analysis)
x
x
x (for
insurers)
J. Health Life Sci. L., October 2011. © 2011 University of Utah.
Used with permission. All rights reserved
Genetic Privacy Laws─50 State Survey
Who Needs Consent
from Patient?
This list does not include statutes that exclusively restrict employers, or genetic counseling acts.
Key: An x indicates that the statement, prohibition (or whatever the category is) is explicit. [] indicates that the statement is implied.
State
Hawaii
Statute
Haw. Rev. Stat. § 431:10A-118
Act or statute title
Genetic information nondiscrimination in accident
and health or sickness insurance coverage─other
Hawaii statutes apply to more specific insurers
(same wording)
Notes
Applies to "insurers"; can't use
genetic information to determine
coverage
Forbids
Genetic test
Applies to
disclosure of
or analysis
health
person's
defined
insurers
identity
x (genetic
information)
x
Cannot
require /
request
test
Any
person
Healthcare
provider
Perform /
Obtain / access
Retain
require
genetic
genetic
genetic
information
information
test
x
Defined as Personal
Property, Private,
Confidential, or
Privileged
Exceptions
Disclose/release
genetic information
Must notify
person that
Specific
Medical
requirements
DNA
repositories or
for consent
analysis
registries
form?
was
conducted
x
x
x
x
x
x
Research or Research if deeducation
identified
Any purpose
if deidentified
Diagnosis
Genetic
information
DNA
samples
Specific
penalties for
genetic
privacy
violations
No statutes beyond those that
exclusively restrict employers
Idaho
410 Ill. Comp. Stat. 513/1 et seq.
Genetic Information Privacy Act
Applies to insurers and other
parties
Ind. Code § 16-18-2-168; 16-39-1-4, -5-3
Disclosure of health records
Does not specifically address
genetic testing
Ind. Code § 27-8-26-1 et seq.
Genetic screening or testing
Applies only to insurers
Iowa
Iowa Code § 729.6
Genetic testing
Kansas
Kan. Stat. Ann. § 40-2259
Genetic screening or testing: prohibitions
Applies only to insurers
Kentucky
Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 304.12-085
Denial of insurance because of...genetic tests
Applies to insurers; can't refuse
coverage based on genetic
information
La. Rev. Stat. § 22:1023
Prohibited discrimination; genetic information;
disclosure requirements…
Applies only to insurers; prevents
insurers from refusing coverage
based on genetic information
La. Rev. Stat. § 40:1299.6
Privacy of genetic information
Applies only to the results of preor post-natal genetic tests
La. Rev. Stat. § 40:1299.96
Health care information; records
Does not specifically address
genetic testing
Illinois
No genetic
testing
statute, but
healthcare
information
statute may
apply
Consent by Patient Required To:
Indiana
x
x
x
[]
x
[]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
[]
x
x (and
forbids
request)
[]
x
x
x
[]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x (if deidentified)
x (if deidentified)
x
x (still need
consent)
x
x
x
x
[]
x
x
x (pre- or
post-natal
genetic
tests)
Louisiana
x
[]
[]
Maine
Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. Tit. 24-A, § 2159-C
Discrimination based on genetic information or
testing
Applies to insurers; can't use
genetic information in
determining eligibility
x
x
x (but
request OK
with
specific
requirements)
Maryland
Md. Code Ann., Ins. § 27-909
Use of genetic tests
Applies to insurers; can't use
genetic information in
determining eligibility
x
x
x
Scott Smith, Platte S. Nielson, and Beth Kennedy
x
x
x
x
[]
Genetic Privacy Laws: 50
State Survey
x
[]
[]
[]
[]
J. Health Life Sci. L., October 2011. © 2011 University of Utah.
Used with permission. All rights reserved
Genetic Privacy Laws─50 State Survey
Who Needs Consent
from Patient?
This list does not include statutes that exclusively restrict employers, or genetic counseling acts.
Key: An x indicates that the statement, prohibition (or whatever the category is) is explicit. [] indicates that the statement is implied.
State
Statute
Act or statute title
Notes
No genetic
testing
statute, but
healthcare
information
statute may
apply
Forbids
Genetic test
Applies to
disclosure of
or analysis
health
person's
defined
insurers
identity
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 111, § 70G
Genetic information and reports protected as private
information; prior written consent for genetic testing
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 175 § 108H
...Insurance policies; genetic tests; discrimination
based on genetic information
Applies only to insurers; can't
condition eligibility on genetic
information
x
x
x
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 175 § 108I
Disability or long-term care insurance policies;
genetic tests; discrimination based on genetic
information
Applies only to insurers; can't
discriminate re: results of genetic
test
x
x
x
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 175 § 120E
Applies only to insurers; can't
Life insurance policies; genetic tests; discrimination
discriminate re: results of genetic
based on genetic information
test
x
x
x
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 176A § 3B
Medical service plans; genetic tests; discrimination
based on genetic information
Applies only to corporations;
prevents using genetic
information to determine
coverage
x
[]
x
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 176B § 5B
Medical service plans; genetic tests; discrimination
based on genetic information
Applies only to corporations;
prevents using genetic
information to determine
coverage
x
[]
x
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 176G § 24
Health maintenance contracts; genetic tests;
discrimination based on genetic information
Applies only to health
maintenance organization; can't
discriminate re: results of genetic
test
x
[]
x
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 176I § 4A
Health benefit plans; genetic tests; discrimination
based on genetic information
Applies to "organizations" and
"preferred providers"; can't
discriminate re: results of genetic
test
x
x
x
Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.17020
Ordering of presymptomatic or predictive genetic
tests; required consent
Applies to physicians or other
delegated individuals who order
genetic tests
x
Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.17520
Ordering of presymptomatic or predictive genetic
tests; required consent
Applies to physicians or other
delegated individuals who order
genetic tests
x
Minn. Stat. § 13.386
Treatment of genetic information held by
government entities and other persons
Applies to government entities
Minn. Stat. § 72A.139
Genetic Discrimination Act
Applies to insurers; can't use
genetic information in
determining eligibility
Massachusetts
x
x (unless
consent)
Cannot
require /
request
test
x
Any
person
Healthcare
provider
Consent by Patient Required To:
Perform /
Obtain / access
Retain
require
genetic
genetic
genetic
information
information
test
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Defined as Personal
Property, Private,
Confidential, or
Privileged
Exceptions
Disclose/release
genetic information
Must notify
person that
Specific
Medical
requirements
DNA
repositories or
for consent
analysis
registries
form?
was
conducted
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Research or Research if deeducation
identified
x (confidential x (confidential
research
research
approved by approved by
IRB)
IRB)
Any purpose
if deidentified
Diagnosis
Genetic
information
x
[]
DNA
samples
Specific
penalties for
genetic
privacy
violations
x
Michigan
x
x
x
x
x
x
Minnesota
Mississippi
Minn. Stat. § 144.293, -.295
Release or disclosure of health records
Does not specifically address
genetic testing
Miss. Code Ann. § 41-119-13
Health Information Technology Act
Does not specifically address
genetic testing
Scott Smith, Platte S. Nielson, and Beth Kennedy
x
[]
[]
[]
[]
Genetic Privacy Laws: 50
State Survey
x (but must try
to get consent
and give
researcher's
contact
information)
[]
[]
J. Health Life Sci. L., October 2011. © 2011 University of Utah.
Used with permission. All rights reserved
Genetic Privacy Laws─50 State Survey
Who Needs Consent
from Patient?
This list does not include statutes that exclusively restrict employers, or genetic counseling acts.
Key: An x indicates that the statement, prohibition (or whatever the category is) is explicit. [] indicates that the statement is implied.
State
Missouri
Statute
Act or statute title
Notes
No genetic
testing
statute, but
healthcare
information
statute may
apply
Forbids
Genetic test
Applies to
disclosure of
or analysis
health
person's
defined
insurers
identity
Cannot
require /
request
test
Any
person
Healthcare
provider
Consent by Patient Required To:
Perform /
Obtain / access
Retain
require
genetic
genetic
genetic
information
information
test
.1303: Genetic testing─unfair trade practices
Applies to insurers
x
x
.1309: Disclosure of genetic information
Applies to persons who store,
receive, or furnish genetic
information
x
[]
Mont. Code Ann. § 33-18-901 to -04
Unfair trade practices
Applies to insurers
x
x
x
Mont. Admin. R. 6.6.527
Prohibition against use of genetic information and
requests for genetic information
Applies to issuers of Medicare;
does not discuss consent
x
x
x
Neb. Rev. Stat. § 71-551
Genetic tests
Applies only to physicians
ordering predictive genetic tests
x
Neb. Rev. Stat. § 44-7,100
Genetic testing; prohibited acts
Forbids insurers from requiring
test before issuing policies
x
x
Nev. Rev. Stat. § 629.101 et seq.
Genetic Information
x
No
Nev. Rev. Stat. § 689A.417
Insurer prohibited from requiring or using
information concerning genetic testing; exceptions
Applies only to insurers
x
x
x
Nev. Rev. Stat. § 689B.069
Insurer prohibited from requiring or using
information concerning genetic testing; exceptions
Applies only to insurers
x
x
x
Nev. Rev. Stat. § 689C.198
Insurer prohibited from requiring or using
information concerning genetic testing; exceptions
Applies only to insurers
x
x
x
Nev. Rev. Stat. § 695C.207
Requiring or using information concerning genetic
testing
Applies only to health
maintenance organizations
(insurers)
x
x
x
N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 141-H:1 et seq.
Genetic Testing
Applies to employers, insurers,
and other parties
x
x
x
N.H. Code Admin. R. Ins. 3005.01
When authorization required for disclosure of
nonpublic personal health information
Applies to insurers
N.J. Stat. Ann. § 10:5-5, 10:5-43 et seq.
Genetic Privacy Act
Applies to all persons
x
x
N.J. Stat. Ann. § 17B:30-12
Discrimination prohibited; terms defined
Applies to insurers
x
x
N.M. Stat. § 24-21-1 et seq.
Genetic Information Privacy Act
Applies to insurers and other
parties
x
x (in part)
x
[]
x
N.Y. Civ. Rights Law § 79-l
Confidentiality of records of genetic tests
x
No
x
[]
x
N.Y. Ins. Law § 2615
Genetic testing written informed consent
Applies only to insurers, but OK
to use genetic information in
underwriting
x
x
Genetic information in health insurance
Applies to insurers; can't use
genetic information in
determining eligibility; insurers
must comply with GINA
(only defines
genetic
information)
x
Mo. Rev. Stat. § 375.1300 et seq.
Montana
x
x
x
Disclose/release
genetic information
Must notify
person that
Specific
Medical
requirements
DNA
repositories or
for consent
analysis
registries
form?
was
conducted
Research or Research if deeducation
identified
Any purpose
if deidentified
Diagnosis
Genetic
information
DNA
samples
x
x
x
[]
x
Specific
penalties for
genetic
privacy
violations
x
[]
[]
Defined as Personal
Property, Private,
Confidential, or
Privileged
Exceptions
[]
[]
[]
[]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
[]
Nebraska
Nevada
x
[]
x
[]
x
x
x
x
New Hampshire
x
x (scientific,
medical, or
public policy
research)
x
x
[]
x
x
x
x
x
[]
x
x
x
x
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 58-3-215
Scott Smith, Platte S. Nielson, and Beth Kennedy
x
x
Genetic Privacy Laws: 50
State Survey
x
x
x
x
x
x (> 60
days)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
[]
x
x
x
x
J. Health Life Sci. L., October 2011. © 2011 University of Utah.
Used with permission. All rights reserved
Genetic Privacy Laws─50 State Survey
Who Needs Consent
from Patient?
This list does not include statutes that exclusively restrict employers, or genetic counseling acts.
Key: An x indicates that the statement, prohibition (or whatever the category is) is explicit. [] indicates that the statement is implied.
State
North Dakota
Statute
Act or statute title
Notes
No genetic
testing
statute, but
healthcare
information
statute may
apply
x
Forbids
Genetic test
Applies to
disclosure of
or analysis
health
person's
defined
insurers
identity
Cannot
require /
request
test
Any
person
Healthcare
provider
Consent by Patient Required To:
Perform /
Obtain / access
Retain
require
genetic
genetic
genetic
information
information
test
Defined as Personal
Property, Private,
Confidential, or
Privileged
Exceptions
Disclose/release
genetic information
Must notify
person that
Specific
Medical
requirements
DNA
repositories or
for consent
analysis
registries
form?
was
conducted
Research or Research if deeducation
identified
Any purpose
if deidentified
Diagnosis
Genetic
information
DNA
samples
Specific
penalties for
genetic
privacy
violations
N.D. Cent. Code § 23-01.3-01
Health information protection
General PHI statute; defines PHI
to include genetic information;
applies mainly to public health
authorities
Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 1751.64, .65
Restrictions on use of genetic screening or testing
before and after 2-9-14
Applies to insurers; just includes
prohibitions and doesn't touch on
consent
x
x
x
x
Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3901.49, .491
Applies to insurers; just includes
Genetic screening or testing prohibitions before and
prohibitions and doesn't touch on
after 2-9-14
consent
x
x
x
x
Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3901.50, .501
Applies to gov't insurers; just
Genetic screening or testing prohibitions before and
includes prohibitions and doesn't
after 2-9-14
touch on consent
x
x
x
x
Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 3904.01, .13
Disclosure of personal or privileged information
x
x
Ohio
Applies to insurers' disclosure of
"personal information"
Okla. Stat. tit. 36, § 3614.1 to -3
Genetic Nondiscrimination in Insurance Act
Applies to insurers
Okla. Stat. tit. 36, § 3614.4
Genetic Research Studies Nondisclosure Act
Protects research records of
subjects in genetic research
studies
Or. Rev. Stat. § 192.531 et seq.
Genetic privacy
Applies to all persons
x
x
x
Oklahoma
x
x
x
x (can
request at
certain
times)
x
x
[]
x
Not in
many
instances
x (except
insurers)
[]
x
[]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
[]
[]
[]
x
x
x (if deidentified)
x
x (if deidentified)
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Oregon
Applies to insurers; restricts ways
genetic information can be used
Or. Rev. Stat. § 746.135
No statutes regarding genetic
privacy/testing; no general
healthcare information statute
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
x
R.I. Gen. Laws § 1956 27-18-52, 52.1
Genetic testing
Applies to insurers
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x (just
research)
x
R.I. Gen. Laws § 1956 27-19-44, 44.1
Genetic testing
Applies to nonprofit hospital
service corporations that offer
health insurance
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x (just
research)
x
R.I. Gen. Laws § 1956 27-20-39, 39.1
Genetic testing
Applies to nonprofit medical
services corporations that offer
health insurance
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x (just
research)
x
x
x (can
request at
certain
times)
x
x
x
S.C. Code Ann. § 1976 38-93-10 et seq.
Scott Smith, Platte S. Nielson, and Beth Kennedy
Privacy of genetic information
Applies to insurers
x
Genetic Privacy Laws: 50
State Survey
[]
[]
x
J. Health Life Sci. L., October 2011. © 2011 University of Utah.
Used with permission. All rights reserved
Genetic Privacy Laws─50 State Survey
Who Needs Consent
from Patient?
This list does not include statutes that exclusively restrict employers, or genetic counseling acts.
Key: An x indicates that the statement, prohibition (or whatever the category is) is explicit. [] indicates that the statement is implied.
State
Statute
Act or statute title
Forbids
Genetic test
Applies to
disclosure of
or analysis
health
person's
defined
insurers
identity
S.D. Codified Laws § 34-14-21 et seq.
Informed consent required prior to predictive
genetic testing…
Applies to "predictive genetic
tests"
x
[]
S.D. Codified Laws § 58-1-24
Use of genetic tests in offer, sale, or renewal of
insurance prohibited
Applies to health insurers; can't
use genetic information to
determine eligibility
x
x
Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-7-124, 63-2-101
Health information; marketing or sale upon
authorization by patient
Can't sell identifiable health
information without consent
Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-7-2701 et seq.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination in Health
Insurance Act
Applies to insurers; can't use
genetic information in
determining eligibility
Tex. Ins. Code Ann. § 546.001
Use of genetic testing information
Utah Code Ann. § 26-45-101 et seq.
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Notes
No genetic
testing
statute, but
healthcare
information
statute may
apply
[]
Cannot
require /
request
test
Any
person
Healthcare
provider
x
[]
x
Applies only to health benefit plan
issuers (insurers)
x
x
Genetic Testing Privacy Act
Applicable to employers, health
insurers
x
x
Utah Code Ann. § 31A-22-1601 to -02
Genetic Testing Restrictions on Insurers Act
Just says that the privacy act
applies to insurers
Vt. Stat. Ann. Tit. 8, § 4724(7)(D), (22)
Applies to insurers; can't use
Unfair methods of competition or unfair or deceptive
genetic information in
acts or practices defined
determining eligibility
Perform /
Obtain / access
Retain
require
genetic
genetic
genetic
information
information
test
x
x
[]
Defined as Personal
Property, Private,
Confidential, or
Privileged
Exceptions
Disclose/release
genetic information
[]
Must notify
person that
Specific
Medical
requirements
DNA
repositories or
for consent
analysis
registries
form?
was
conducted
Research or Research if deeducation
identified
Any purpose
if deidentified
x
Diagnosis
Genetic
information
DNA
samples
[]
[]
Specific
penalties for
genetic
privacy
violations
x
x
(only defines
genetic
information)
Consent by Patient Required To:
x
x
[]
x
x
[]
[]
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Utah
[]
x
Genetic testing
Applies to everyone; also
specifically applies to insurers;
can't use genetic information to
determine coverage
x
[]
Genetic information privacy
Applies to insurers; can't use
genetic information in
determining eligibility, with some
exceptions
x
x
Vermont
Vt. Stat. Ann. Tit. 18, § 9331 et seq.
Virginia
Va. Code Ann. § 38.2-508.4
x
Washington
Wash. Rev. Code § 70.02.010 et seq.
Medical records─health care information access
and disclosure
Does not specifically address
genetic testing
x
West Virginia
W. Va. Code § 16-29-1
Copies of health care records to be furnished to
patients
Does not specifically address
genetic testing
x
Wis. Stat. § 146.82
Confidentiality of patient health care records
Does not specifically address
genetic testing
Wis. Stat. § 631.89
Restrictions on use of genetic test results
Applies only to insurers; can't
condition eligibility on genetic
information
Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 14-2-710
Confidentiality of genetic testing
Re: parentage, but also speaks in
broad terms
(defines
"health care
information"
to include a
person's
DNA)
x
x
[]
x
x
x
x (if identity of
individual is
protected)
x
x
x
[]
[]
[]
x
[]
x
[]
x
x
[]
x
[]
[]
[]
[]
x (research,
with several
restrictions)
[]
x
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Scott Smith, Platte S. Nielson, and Beth Kennedy
x
x
[]
x
Genetic Privacy Laws: 50
State Survey
x
[]
[]
[]
[]
x
x
J. Health Life Sci. L., October 2011. © 2011 University of Utah.
Used with permission. All rights reserved