Subtraction—Stage 6
New National Curriculum Objectives and Number Range.
Subtract whole numbers with more than 4 digits, including using formal written methods.
Use the inverse to check.
Vocabulary
subtract, take (away), minus, leave , less ( than), fewer (than) difference, decrease
Mental Maths Focus
To know sums and differences of decimals to one decimal place
To know doubles and halves of decimals to one decimal place.
Know what must be added to any four digit number to make the next multiple of one thousand
To know what must be added to a decimal with units and tenths to make the next whole number
To Calculate mental differences where the numbers are close together.
N.B: Put the decimal place in your answer. The decimal place is superglued in
the answer and does not move.
Step 2: Column subtraction where the number of decimal places differs.
Subtraction—Stage 5
New National Curriculum Objectives and Number Range.
Subtract whole numbers with more than 4 digits and decimals including using formal written
methods.
Use the inverse to check.
Vocabulary
subtract, take (away), minus, leave , less ( than), fewer (than) difference, decrease
Mental Maths Focus
To know differences of decimals to one decimal place.
To know what must be added to any four digit number to make the next multiple of one thousand
To know what must be added to a decimal with units, tenths and hundredths to make the next whole
number
Calculate mental differences where the numbers are close together.
Step 1: 4 digit with decomposition of H, T and U. Mixed digit with decomposition.
Step 2: Borrowing from zeros.
2 take away 6 I cannot do., so I’ll go to the tens column to borrow
602
—396
Step 3: Borrowing from
602—396
double zeros.
6001
1579
Ah..there’s a 0 there so I can’t borrow from there , I’ll have to
go to the hundreds column
I’ll cross out the 6 hundreds and leave 5 hundreds and take the
one hundred into the tens column, making 10 tens.
I still need to make the 2 units bigger though, so I’ll cross off
the 10 tens and leave 9 tens there and take this 1 ten across
to the units so I’ve now got 12.
4422
12—6 = 6 , 9 –9 =0 and 5—3 = 2. The answer is 206.
Use the same process as above making
sure you take 1 ten, hundred across first
and then cross off to make 9.
NB: Remember always cross from left to right diagonally down for consistency and ease.
Step 4: Subtracting
decimals with and without decomposition.
3. 2 4
8. 3 4
NB: Put the decimal point in your answer first
1. 1 2
1. 4 2
. The decimal point is superglued in the answer and does not
move.
2. 1 2
6.92
Subtraction—Stage 4
New National Curriculum Objectives and Number Range.
Subtract numbers with up to 4 digits without using zero as a place holder using the formal
written methods of column subtraction where appropriate with decomposition.
TU - TU, HTU - TU, HTU-HTU,
Vocabulary
subtract, take (away), minus, leave , less ( than), fewer (than) difference, decrease
Mental Maths Focus
Subtract numbers mentally, including:
Calculate mental differences where the numbers
are close together.
a three-digit number and ones
a three-digit number and tens
Number bonds to 10, 20 and 100
a three-digit number and hundreds
a four digit number and thousands
Step 2: Subtract HTU by TU
with decomposition
2 take away 7 I cannot do
I borrow one ten from the tens . Cross off the three tens
and make this two tens
Carry one ten over and this becomes 12 units (ones) Now
calculate 12-7 = 5
2 tens take away 5 tens I cannot do.
I borrow one hundred from the hundreds. Cross off the 9
hundreds to make this 8 hundreds.
Carry one hundred over to the tens and this makes 12 tens
12 tens take 5 tens. = 7 tens
8 hundreds subtract 4 hundreds leaves 4 hundreds.
Subtraction—Stage 3
New National Curriculum Objectives and Number Range.
Numbers less than 1000
Subtract numbers with up to three digits, using formal written methods of column subtraction
Subtract TU by TU digit numbers with no decomposition ( borrowing and exchanging)
Subtract HTU by TU digit numbers with no decomposition ( borrowing and exchanging)
Vocabulary
subtract, take (away), minus, leave , less ( than), fewer (than) difference, decrease
Mental Maths Focus
Difference step 1
A three digit and ones 324—1 =
A three-digit number and tens 546 –10
A three-digit number and hundreds
22-19 = 3
Record the jumps on a numberline and circle.
Use jottings to subtract numbers
245—138 =
Step 1:
Subtract TU by TU digit numbers with no decomposition
34 - 23 = 11
34
34 - 23 = 11
4 take away 3 = 1
23
3 tens take away 2 tens = 1 ten
11
The answer is 11
Step 2: Subtract 3 digit numbers with no decomposition
649
649—137 512
-1 3 7
9 take away 7 = 2
512
4 tens take away 3 tens = 1 ten
6 hundreds take away 1 hundred = 5
hundreds.
The answer is 512
Subtraction—Stage 2
New National Curriculum Objectives and Number Range.
Recall and use subtraction facts to 20 fluently, and derive and use related facts up to 100 .
Subtract numbers using concrete objects, pictorial representations, and mentally, including:
a two-digit number and ones , a two-digit number and tens , two two-digit numbers.
Subtracting 10 from a number using base 10.
Subtracting a two digit number from another two digit number using base ten equipment.
Vocabulary
subtract, take (away), minus, leave , less ( than), fewer (than) difference.
Mental Maths Focus
Subtraction facts to 20
Related facts to 100
Difference Step 1
Using numbered number lines to find how many/ how
many fewer ?
100-40 = 60
Step 1 : Take away using towers of 10 cubes , bundles of straws. Not crossing the 10
boundary. Introduce base 10.
24—3 = 21
Step 2: Linear subtraction not crossing the ten boundary .
( Remember start with the biggest number and subtract the units first then tens)
35—23 =
35—3 = 32
32—20 = 12
Step 3:
Take away crossing the10 boundary using
practical equipment only like unbundling
straws to create 10 ones e.g. 72-47 =
A detailed script for unbundling is available on
resources.
Subtraction—Stage 1
New National Curriculum Objectives and Number Range.
Read, write and interpret mathematical statements involving subtraction (–) and equals (=)
signs.
Represent and use number bonds to and related subtraction facts within 20
Subtract one digit and two digit numbers to 20, including zero TU—U
Vocabulary
subtract, take (away), minus, leave , less ( than), fewer (than) difference.
Mental Maths Focus
Examples of Numbers and problems to
Number bonds to 20 and corresponding
subtraction facts i.e.: 14+6=20 so 20-6=14
Begin to introduce finding the difference by
answering how many more/fewer has X got than
Y?
Step 1: Take away using practical objects
Step 2: Take away on a number line (only when a child can count back verbally from any
number to 20)
Subtraction—Early Years
Early Learning Goal
To subtract two single digit numbers practically using objects.
Vocabulary
take away, less than
Examples of Numbers to use;
Mental Maths Focus
Recognising numbers and saying numbers
Counting on and back in 1’s and 2’s.
9-3=
8-4 =
1 less than 7 =
Step 1:
Taking away using practical equipment or jottings.
12– 1 = 11
1 less to 5, then 10, then 20
Beginning to read and
interpret number sentences
Subtraction
Calculation Policy