University of Edinburgh
School of History & Classics, 2008/9
HELLENISTIC EGYPT:
SOCIETY, ECONOMY
AND CULTURE, 332BC31BC
Dr April Pudsey
[email protected]
Honours Level
Course Booklet
P.Oxy. 3.1525 + 1530
Mummified Crocodiles at Tebtynis
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You should use this Course Booklet in conjunction with the Classics Honours Handbook
2008-9. You will find there information on course protocol, in particular on plagiarism
and penalties for late coursework, and a section on assessment. If you do not have a copy
of the Handbook it can be downloaded from: http://www.shc.ed.ac.uk/undergraduate; it is
also available from the Classics Office on the fifth floor (5.01/5.02) of the DHT.
Course organiser
The course organiser is Dr April Pudsey.
You can find me in room 4.12 DHT or contact me on [email protected]
Other helpful contacts are the classics secretaries: Elaine Hutchison (DHT 5.01,
afternoons only) and Jill Shaw (DHT 5.02, mornings only).
Description of course
This course aims to introduce you to theories on, and evidence for, cultural interaction in
the Hellenistic period of Egypt’s history (332-31 BC), particularly between Greeks and
Egyptians. The course encourages you to consider social, economic, political and cultural
life in Egypt, using a wide range of documentary, papyrological, literary and
archaeological source material.
Teaching Arrangements
This course will be taught by a combination of formal lectures and student-led seminars.
The class list on the next page will tell you which class falls under which category. All
classes will take place on MONDAY afternoons at 2-4 PM, CHRYSTAL
MACMILLAN BUILDING, SEMINAR ROOM 6 (there will be a short break in
between the 2 hours). Classes begin on Monday 12th January, 2009.
LECTURES – Lectures will be accompanied by handout (available on the course website
the week before the lecture), and I will point you in the direction of the relevant reading
material for each lecture topic, which you will be expected to follow up.
SEMINARS – Student led seminars are your opportunity to discuss issues arising from
the material, and share your opinions on the significance of these. There will be four
seminar classes throughout the semester, for which you are expected to come prepared to
discuss, in detail, your work. The website for this course will be updated with seminar
material, at the latest one week in advance of each seminar. This will include: some
questions for discussion/consideration; an overview of the material and links to online
material; and details of specific reading.
Assessment
A written essay of 3,000 words accounts for 30% of the total assessment; and one (2hour) degree examination accounts for 70%. Essay and exam guidance will be given in
2
class. The deadline for submission of the essay is FRIDAY 27th MARCH, 12 NOON.
The essay questions appear later in this booklet. You should hand in your essay to the
Classics Secretary (Jill Shaw) in Room DHT 5.02.
You will not be formally assessed on seminar performance, but lack of detailed
preparation for these often results in: a) a boring seminar; and b) loss of the opportunity
to learn a great deal.
Assessment: Degree Examination
The degree examination will consist of a 2-hour paper, with two sections:
Section A (50% of the total degree exam mark).
You will be required to discuss the historical significance of two (from a choice of six)
pieces of ancient evidence (texts, papyri or archives).
Section B (50% of the total degree exam mark).
You will be required to answer one (from a choice of six) essay questions.
Intended Learning Outcomes
On successful completion of this course you should be able to demonstrate in written
examination and in written coursework:
•
•
•
•
•
knowledge and understanding of social, economic and political history of Egypt in
the period 332BC - 31BC;
knowledge and understanding of the size and structure of population groups (Greeks,
Egyptians and others) and their cultural interactions in Egypt in the period, with
particular emphasis on Hellenistic culture;
ability to collect, analyse and compare evidence from a range of material for the
period (for instance, papyrological and archaeological);
ability to evaluate and criticize the work of historians;
skills in presentation of their ideas and conclusions.
Lectures and seminars
12th January
1. Introduction, course overview, historical background
2. Sources for the study of Hellenistic Egypt: papyri, archives, online catalogues
19th January
3. Kings and subjects: the Ptolemies in Egypt
4. Administration: nomes, districts and the state
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26th January
5. The Greek population and social class
6. Egyptians, Persians, Thracians and Illyrians in Egypt
(week 3) SEMINAR
2nd February
7. Naukratis and Alexandria
8. Ptolemais and Memphis
9th February
9. Kerkeosiris, the Heracleopolite nome and cavalry cleruchs
10. Ethnicity and society in the chora
(week 5) SEMINAR
16th February
11. Economy: Land and power, and Sacred Land
12. Economy: Greek monetised economy, trade and industry
23rd February
13. Law, crime and punishment
14. The legal activities of women
(week 7) SEMINAR
2nd March
15. Private lives: Names, family, marriage, inheritance
16. Education, literacy and bilingualism
9th March
17. The Army in Ptolemaic Egypt
18. Greeks in the Ptolemaic Army
(week 9) SEMINAR
16th March
19. Religion I: Priests and temples
20. Religion II: Cults and Ruler cult
23rd March
21. Hellenism and Hellenistic constructs
22. Concluding lecture and revision
Essay deadline: Friday 27th March, 12 NOON.
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Essay questions
1. What does the evidence tell us about the legal rights, privileges, and activities of
women in Egypt in the period? Answer in relation either to marriage and marriage
contracts, or to economy and inheritance.
2. What do we know about the ethnic composition of the Ptolemaic army in Egypt?
3. ‘The Ptolemaic takeover of Egypt kept the underlying economic structure intact.’
Discuss. (What does the organisation of land tenure reveal about the nature of
social power in Egypt?)
4. What do we know about relations between the Jewish and Egyptian or Greek
populations and in Alexandria in the period?
If you wish to write your essay on another topic from this course, you may do so, on
discussion with me.
Bibliography
General
Arafa, D. (1995) “Fresh investigation into the tombs of the Ptolemaic period in Alexandria” in
Alessandria e il mondo ellenistico-romano. I centenario del Museo greco-romano Roma: 119123.
Austin, M.M. (ed.) (2006 ) The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest: A
Selection of Ancient Sources in Translation Cambridge.
Bagnall, Roger S. & Peter Derow (1981) Greek Historical Documents. The Hellenistic Period.
Chico, CA.
Bagnall, Roger S. (1995) Reading papyri, writing ancient history. Approaching the Ancient
World London.
Bagnall, R.S. (1997) “Decolonizing Ptolemaic Egypt” in Paul Cartledge, Peter Garnsey & Erich
Gruen (eds.) Hellenistic Constructs. Essays in Culture, History, and Historiography (Hellenistic
Culture and Society 26) Berkley: 225-41.
Bagnall, R. S. (2000) “The Fayum and its people” in Ancient faces: Mummy portraits from
Roman Egypt, ed. Susan Walker. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Routledge.
Bagnall, R.S. (2001) “Archaeological Work on Hellenistic and Roman Egypt, 1995-2000”
American Journal of Archaeology 10: 227-43.
Bagnall, Roger S. & Dominic W. Rathbone (eds.) (2005) Egypt from Alexander to the Early
Christians. An Archaeological and Historical Guide Los Angeles: Getty Publications
Bevan, Edwyn (1968) The House of Ptolemy: A History of Egypt Chicago.
5
Bingen, Jean, (2007) Hellenistic Egypt. Monarchy, Society, Economy, Culture, edited by Bagnall,
Roger S., Edinburgh.
Erskine, Andrew (ed.) (2003) A Companion to the Hellenistic World (Blackwell Companions to
the Ancient World) Malden, MA.
Bowman, A.K. (1996) Egypt after the pharaohs, 332 BC–AD 642: From Alexander to the Arab
conquest. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cartledge, Paul, Garnsey, P. and Gruen, E.S. (eds.) (1997) Hellenistic Constructs. Essays in
Culture, History, and Historiography. (Hellenistic Culture and Society 26) Berkeley & Los
Angeles.
Chauveau, Michel (2000) Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Society Under the
Ptolemies New York.
Clarysse, W. (1992) “Some Greeks in Egypt” in Life in a multi-cultural society: Egypt from
Cambyses to Constantine and beyond, ed. Janet H. Johnson. Studies in Ancient Oriental
Civilization 51. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
Clarysse, Willy. (2000) “The Ptolemies visiting the Egyptian Chora” in Léon Mooren (ed.).
Politics, Administration and Society in the Hellenistic and Roman World. Proceedings of the
International Colloquium, Bertinoro 19-24 July 1997. Leuven: Peeters, 2000 (Studia Hellenistica
36): 29-53
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Press.
Hazzard, R.A., (2000) Imagination of a Monarchy: Studies in Ptolemaic Propaganda Toronto.
La'da C. (2003) “Encounters with ancient Egypt: The Hellenistic Greek experience” in Ancient
perspectives on Egypt, ed. Roger Matthews and Cornelia Roemer, 157–169. London: UCL Press,
Institute of Archaeology.
Malkin, Irad. (2001) “ Introduction” In Ancient perceptions of Greek ethnicity, ed. Irad Malkin,
1–19. Washington, D.C; Cambridge, Mass.
O'Neil, James L. (2006) “Places and Origin of the Officials of Ptolemaic Egypt” Historia 55:
16ff.
Samuel, Alan E. (1993) “The Ptolemies and the ideology of kingship” in: Peter Green (ed),
Hellenistic History and Culture. Berkeley: 168-210.
Parsons, P.J. ( 2007) City of the Sharp-Nosed Fish: Greek Lives in Roman Egypt London.
Thompson, Dorothy J. (2003) “The Ptolemies and Egypt” in Andrew Erkine (ed.), A Companion
to the Hellenistic World. Oxford: 105-20.
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Papyri and other source material
Abdalla, Aly (1992) Graeco-Roman funerary stelae from Upper Egypt Liverpool.
Amer, Mustapha (1959) A Family Archive from Thebes. Demotic Papyri in the Philadelphia and
Cairo Museums from the Ptolemaic Period, Cairo, 1959.
Crawford, Dorothy J. (1971) Kerkeosiris; An Egyptian village in the Ptolemaic period.
Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Clarysse, Willy (1983) “Literary papyri in documentary 'archives'” in Edmond Van ’t Dack a.o.
(edd.). Egypt and the Hellenistic World. Proceedings of the International Colloquium, Leuven 2426 May 1982. Leuven: 43-61.
Clarysse, W. (2003) “The archive of the praktor Milon', in Vandorpe, K. and Clarysse, W. (eds.),
Edfu, an Egyptian provincial capital in the Ptolemaic period: Brussels, 3 September 2001”
(Brussel: Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten: Vlaams
Kennis- en Cultuurforum): 17-27.
Grenfell, B.P., A.S. Hunt and D.G. Hogarth (1900) Fayum towns and their papyri. London:
Egypt Exploration Fund.
Grenfell, B.P., A.S. Hunt and J.G. Smyly (1976) The Tebtunis papyri I. 1902; II, B.P. Grenfell,
A.S. Hunt and E.J. Goodspeed. 1907; III, pt. I, A.S. Hunt and J.G. Smyly, assisted by B.P.
Grenfell, E. Lobel and M. Rostovtzeff. 1933; III, pt. II, ed. A.S. Hunt, J.G. Smyly and C.C.
Edgar. 1938. IV, ed. J.G. Keenan and J.C. Shelton.
Horbury, William and Noy, David (1992) Jewish Inscriptions of Graeco-Roman Egypt: with an
Index of the Jewish inscriptions of Egypt and Cyrenaica Cambridge.
Johnson, William A. (2004) Bookrolls and Scribes in Oxyrhynchus Toronto: University of
Toronto Press (Studies in Book and Print Culture).
Làda, Csaba A. P (2007) Ptolemaic Documentary Papyri from the Papyrussammlung Erzherzog
Rainer, Vienna Berlin: de Gruyter (Corpus Papyrorum Raineri 28).
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Berkeley.
Porten, Bezalel, (2000) The Elephantine Papyri in English. Three Millennia of Cross-Cultural
Continuity and Change.
Reekmans, Tony (1983) “Archives de Zénon. Situation et comportement des entrepreneurs
indigenes” in Edmond Van ’t Dack a.o. (edd.). Egypt and the Hellenistic World. Proceedings of
the International Colloquium, Leuven 24-26 May 1982. Leuven: 325-50.
Reekmans, Tony (1996) La consommation dans les archives de Zénon Bruxelles.
Reekmans, Tony (1998) “Le dossier syrien des archives de Zenon” CE 73: 144-58.
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Populations, individuals and families
Abd el-Ghani, Mohamed E. (1987) “The Arabs in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt through papyri
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Egypt. Age of the Ptolemies New York: The Brooklyn Museum.
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Bell, H. I. (1953) Cults and Creeds in Graeco-Roman Egypt Liverpool.
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Clarysse, Willy (1993) “Egyptian scribes writing Greek” Chronique d'Égypte 68:186–201.
Clarysse, Willy (1985) “Greeks and Egyptians in the Ptolemaic army and administration”
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Clarysse, W. (1995) Greeks in Ptolemaic Thebes. In Hundred-gated Thebes. Acts of a
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Clarysse, W. (1998) Ethnic diversity and dialect among the Greeks of Hellenistic Egypt. In The
two faces of Graeco-Roman Egypt: Greek and Demotic and Greek-Demotic text and studies
presented to P.W. Pestman by alumni of the Papyrological Institute, ed. A.M.F.W. Verhoogt and
S.P. Vleeming 1–13. Papyrologica Lugduno–Batava 30. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
Clarysse, W. (2002) Souchos and Astarte in Syron Kome. Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und
Epigraphik 140:201–202.
Delia, Diana. (1996) “All Army Boots and Uniforms? Ethnicity in Ptolemaic Egypt” in
Alexandria and Alexandrianism. Papers Delivered at a Symposium Organized by The J. Paul
Getty Museum and The Getty Center for the History of Art and the Humanities and Held at the
Museum April 22-25, 1993. Malibu (CA): The J. Paul Getty Museum: 41-52.
Horbury, William and Noy, David (1992) Jewish Inscriptions of Graeco-Roman Egypt: with an
Index of the Jewish inscriptions of Egypt and Cyrenaica Cambridge.
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Johnson, Sara Raup. Historical Fictions and Hellenistic Jewish Identity. Third Maccabees in its
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43).
Kasher, Aryeh (1985) The Jews in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt: the Struggle for Equal Rights
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Kerkeslager, Allen. (1998) “Jewish pilgrimage and Jewish identity in Hellenistic and early
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La’da, Csaba A. (1997) Ethnic designations in Hellenistic Egypt. Diss. Cambridge 1997.
La’da, Csaba, A. (2002) Foreign Ethnics in Hellenistic Egypt Prosopographia Ptolemaica vol 10,
Leuven.
La'da, Csaba A. (2003) “Encounters with ancient Egypt. The Hellenistic Greek experience” in
Roger Matthews and Cornelia Roemer (eds.). Ancient Perspectives on Egypt. London: UCL Press
/ Institute of Archaeology (Encounters with Ancient Egypt): 157-70.
Láda, Csaba A. (2002) Prosopographia Ptolemaica. Vol. X: Foreign Ethnics in Hellenistic Egypt
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Ritner, Robert K. (1992)” Implicit models of cross-cultural interaction: A question of noses, soap,
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Cities
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Army
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Land, money and Economy
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Electronic resources
APIS
Advanced Papyrological Information System
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/projects/digital/apis/index.html
FAYUM Project on TRISMEGISTOS
http://www.trismegistos.org/fayum/
APIS AT MICHIGAN
http://www.lib.umich.edu/pap/
OXYRHYNCHOS
http://www.csad.ox.ac.uk/POXY/VExhibition/vexhframe_hi.htm
APIS AT BERKLEY
http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~tebtunis/index.html
APIS AT YALE
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http://www.library.yale.edu/beinecke/aboutpap.htm
Literary Papyri from l'Institut de Papyrologie de la orbonne
http://www.papyrologie.paris4.sorbonne.fr/menu1/collections/pgrec/litteraires.htm
Carlsberg Papyri Collection
http://www.hum.ku.dk/cni/papcoll/
The Macquarie Papyri
http://www.anchist.mq.edu.au/doccentre/Papyri.htm
Papyri at Penn (Center for Judaic Studies)
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rs/rak/ppennint.html
Cologne Papyri Collection
http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil k/ifa/NRWakademie/papyrologie/
Papyrussammlung of Österreichische Nationalbibliothek
http://www.onb.ac.at/sammlungen/papyrus/index.htm
Heidelberg Papyrus Collection (images linked to DDBDP entries)
http://www.rzuser.uniheidelberg.de/~gv0/Papyri/VBP_II.html
American society of Papyrologists
http://www.papyrology.org/
Papyrussammlung of Österreichische Nationalbibliothek
http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Texts/papyri.html
Marriage and divorce
http://www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk/Brewer/MarriagePapyri/Index.html
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Papyri from the Rise of Christianity in Egypt
http://www.anchist.mq.edu.au/doccentre/PCEhomepage.htm
Dead Sea Scrolls
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/scrolls/toc.html
Tebtynis Papyri
http://ist-socrates.berkeley.edu/~tebtunis/index.html
Leuven - Archives
http://www.trismegistos.org/arch/index.php
House of Ptolemy
http://www.houseofptolemy.org/#PTOL
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