Chapter 3
Chemistry MATTERS
I.
More about Matter
A) Classification
B) Description
C) States of Matter and
Characteristics
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I.More about Matter
Chemistry – the study of matter
Stuff a.k.a. Matter
- occupies space and has mass
- composed of atoms and molecules
Atom –
smallest building block of
matter
Molecule –
Composed of 2 or more atoms
Same atoms
Different atoms
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A. How do we classify Matter?
1.
2.
3.
1.
microscopic
vs.
macroscopic
-
cannot be decomposed into simpler stable
substances
-
What is holding these atoms together?
-
memorize elements (names and symbols of
75)
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Names and Symbols of Elements
Formulas for Compounds
O
N
N
O
O
O
H
O
Cl
O
O
Write the formula for the following
compounds…
1 zinc and 2 fluorine 
1 aluminum 3 iodine 
4 phosphorus 10 oxygen 
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2.
microscopic
-
vs.
macroscopic
composition does not vary
combinations of elements/atoms
can be decomposed into simpler stable
substances
H2O, testosterone (C19H28O2), CuSO4
what holds the atoms together?
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3.
Vitamin C
-
combinations of different elements and/or
different compounds
Types of Mixtures
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Mixtures Cont’d
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Example
Indicate whether each sample of matter listed
below is a pure compound, homogeneous
mixture, or heterogeneous mixture.
According to our discussion in class, what type of matter is
represented by the diagram?
a. pure element
b. pure compound
c. homogeneous mixture
d.
e.
heterogeneous mixture
None of the above.
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B. How do we describe Matter?
1. Physical and 2.Chemical Properties and Changes
1. Physical Properties and Changes
Physical Properties - describe the observable characteristics
of matter in which the arrangement of
atoms and molecules does not change
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2. Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes
Chemical Properties - describe how matter changes
(reacts) or fails to change (does
not react) when exposed to other
matter (or over the course of time)
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Examples
State whether each of the following is a physical
or chemical property of the matter described.
1. The pot holding Bea is silver.
2. The normal melting point of water is 0°C.
3. A banana turns brown when left out.
State whether each of the following is a chemical
or physical change.
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Example from Exam
Use the diagrams below to answer the following questions.
Each box represents a sample of matter. In the diagrams,
assume each ball represents a different element or atom.
A
.
B
.
When the transition from box A to box B occurs,
what happens?
a. A physical change.
b. A chemical change.
c. Nothing changes.
B
A
A
A
When the transition from box A to box B occurs,
what happens?
a. A physical change.
b. A chemical change.
c. Nothing changes.
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C. States of Matter and Characteristics
1.
4.
2.
3.
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States of Matter Cont’d
Kinetic Energy (K.E.) = energy of motion
= ½ mv2 ; m = mass
α Temperature
v = velocity
H2O(s) Æ H2O(l) Æ H2O(g) ?
1.T= -10ºC
2.T= 0ºC
3.T= 0ºC
4.T= 100ºC
5.T= 100ºC
6.T= 125ºC