5/31/2014
Territorial Report
Alexandria Historical Center
Table of Contents
A.
Territorial Report - descriptive section: WHO ARE WE? ................................................. 5
Overview of the Tourism in Egypt: ........................................................................................... 5
Diversity of tourism modes in Egypt: ................................................................................... 5
International tourism - number of arrivals in Egypt ............................................................ 6
WORLD BANK INDICATORS - EGYPT - TRAVEL & TOURISM ................................................ 6
Preliminary analysis: ................................................................................................................. 7
Overview of tourism trends in the Alexandria .................................................................... 7
URBAN TOURISM TREND OF ALEXANDRIA .............................................................................. 7
Overview of Alexandria ........................................................................................................ 7
LOCATION .......................................................................................................................... 8
Education in Alexandria ..................................................................................................... 9
HISTORY: ............................................................................................................................... 9
TYPES OF TOURISM............................................................................................................. 10
CLIMATE .......................................................................................................................... 1413
DEMOGRAPHICS .............................................................................................................. 1514
FACILITIES AND SERVICES ............................................................................................... 1615
Useful addresses:......................................................................................................... 1615
Cheap Hotels: .............................................................................................................. 1615
Hotels with moderate prices: ...................................................................................... 1615
Expensive Hotels:......................................................................................................... 1615
Restaurants:................................................................................................................. 1716
Cheap restaurants: ...................................................................................................... 1716
Restaurants with moderate prices: ............................................................................. 1716
Expensive restaurants: ................................................................................................ 1716
Franchise Brand Restaurant: ....................................................................................... 1716
BIG EVENTS ..................................................................................................................... 1817
ROAD NETWORKS/ TRANSPORTATION ......................................................................... 1918
Transportation within the city: ...................................................................................... 1918
Tourism Demand in Alexandria ...................................................................................... 2019
Tourism contribution to the national economy: ......................................................... 2019
Tourism in Alexandria:.................................................................................................... 2120
Contribution of tourism to Alexandria`s economy:....................................................... 2221
The distribution of demand according to mostly visited areas in Alexandria: ............. 2625
Development of different areas to support the tourism sector: .................................. 2625
Tourism marketing ...................................................................................................... 2625
2
Tourism development ................................................................................................. 2726
Infrastructure efficiency .............................................................................................. 2726
Human resources......................................................................................................... 2928
Potentials of new Types of Tourism in Alexandria ........................................................ 3130
Dark tourism: ............................................................................................................... 3130
Roots tourism: ............................................................................................................. 3130
Sports tourism: ............................................................................................................ 3130
Business tourism: ........................................................................................................ 3130
Residential tourism:..................................................................................................... 3231
Back-stage tourism: ..................................................................................................... 3231
Event tourism: ............................................................................................................. 3231
Yacht tourism: ............................................................................................................. 3231
Authentic tourism:....................................................................................................... 3231
Music Tourism ............................................................................................................. 3231
Urban Tourism Trends of the historical center (Al-Raml Station -Downtown) ............ 3332
1- History: ........................................................................................................................ 3332
The Founding of the City ............................................................................................. 3332
The City under Rome ................................................................................................... 3433
Christianity and the Decline of Alexandria .................................................................. 3433
2- Location:...................................................................................................................... 3534
3- Types of tourism: ........................................................................................................ 3534
4- Climate: ....................................................................................................................... 3534
5- Demographics: ............................................................................................................ 3635
6- Facilities and services: ................................................................................................ 3635
7- Tourism demand and supply: ..................................................................................... 4039
A synchronic study of the comparative analysis between historical centers and the
national data. .................................................................................................................. 4241
- Manufacturing, finance, and other services. ............................................................ 4544
SWOT Analysis for the potentials of the Governorates as touristic destinations ........ 5049
Analysis of cultural attractions and risk factors ............................................................ 5453
List of all resources which have some connection with tourism: ............................... 5453
Resources’ evaluation ................................................................................................. 130129
Matrix of tourism competitiveness ............................................................................ 131130
Needs analysis............................................................................................................. 131130
3
1-
Analysis of the interviews with ten key informants: ....................................... 131130
2-
Analysis of Historical center Residence Questionnaire: .................................. 133132
3- Analysis of Tourist Questionnaire ....................................................................... 137136
SWOT analysis ......................................................................................................... 143142
B.
Territorial Report - prescriptive section: WHO DO WE WANT TO BE? ................. 145144
Solutions/interventions/measures to mitigate risk factors:..................................... 145144
Appendix: ........................................................................................................................ 146145
4
Appendix 1
Detailed of Governorate for the comparative study ... 146145
Appendix 2
Interview with the Key Informants ............................. 146145
Appendix 3
References ................................................................... 146145
A. Territorial Report - descriptive section: WHO ARE
WE?
Overview of the Tourism in Egypt:
The tourism industry is highly important to the Egyptian economy. It contributes
11.3% of total GDP, 14.4% of income from foreign currency, 12.6% of the total
Egyptian workforce, and 9.2% of the total investment in the services sector.
More than 10.6 million tourists visited Egypt in 2013, a reduction of 16.7% on 2012.
The total number of nights spent by tourists also declined to a drop of 27.9% from
the same period during 2013. Revenues fell by 37%, falling to $ 5.6bn in 2013.
According to the Central Bank of Egypt, tourism is ranked second in terms of most
important sources of income for Egypt after remittances from Egyptians abroad, and
is followed by income from the Suez Canal.
A total of EGP 2bn has been allocated to this sector, which directly and indirectly
provides job opportunities to 3.8 million individuals.
Diversity of tourism modes in Egypt:
Egypt enjoys various fields of tourism attraction, the most important are archeological or
cultural tourism as one of the oldest types of tourism in Egypt, Besides cultural and
archaeological tourism, many tourism attraction types have come into existence and
addressed broader segments of tourists across the world, including recreational tourism,
beaches tourism, religious tourism, therapeutic tourism, eco-tourism, sports tourism, golf
tourism, safari tourism, desert tourism, yacht tourism, and maritime tourism in addition to
festivals tourism, and cultural events and finally conferences and exhibitions tourism.
5
International tourism - number of arrivals in Egypt
WORLD BANK INDICATORS - EGYPT - TRAVEL & TOURISM
1990 2000
2010
International tourism; number of arrivals in Egypt
5116000.0
International tourism; number of departures in Egypt
2964000.0
International tourism; receipts (US dollar) in Egypt
4657000000.0 13633000000.0 [+]
International tourism; receipts (% of total exports) in Egypt
27.6
27.9
[+]
International tourism; receipts for passenger transport items (US
dollar) in Egypt
312000000.0
1105000000.0
[+]
International tourism; expenditures for passenger transport items (US
dollar) in Egypt
134000000.0
456000000.0
[+]
International tourism; receipts for travel items (US dollar) in Egypt
4345000000.0 12528000000.0 [+]
International tourism; expenditures for travel items (US
dollar) in Egypt
1072000000.0 2240000000.0
[+]
International tourism; expenditures (US dollar) in Egypt
1206000000.0 2696000000.0
[+]
International tourism; expenditures (% of total imports) in Egypt
5.3
[+]
6
14051000.0
[+]
[+]
4.5
Preliminary analysis:
Overview of tourism trends in the Alexandria
URBAN TOURISM TREND OF ALEXANDRIA
Overview of Alexandria
Alexandria the largest port in Egypt and the greatest summer resort in the Middle
East and today is considered as the second capital of Egypt. Famous for being called
the "Pearl of the Mediterranean,” the captivating Alexandria will fascinate you with
its mix of history and modernity. Although very little remains of the old city,
Alexandria still retains its Mediterranean ambience and old European residence
houses, combined with old cafes and Greco Roman monuments. It has a unique
geographical location and mild climate as well as different trade, industry and
agriculture activities.
The Arab League of States chose Alexandria in 2010 as the capital of Arab Tourism
based on its deep-rooted, cultural and civilization reserve.
The beauty and cosmopolitanism of Alexandria inspired great authors such as the
British novelist E.M. Forster, the Greek poet Constantine Cavafy who respectively
lived in Alexandria in the early and late 19th century, and Lawrence Durrell who lived
and wrote about the city during World War II.
Alexandria has diversified tourism characteristics with different kinds of tourisms all
the yearlong not only due to its coasts which attract thousands of visitors every year,
but also to its historical monuments and cultural landmarks.
The Alexandrian coastline extends on no less than 70 km, from the north-western
side of the Nile delta to Mariout Lake in the east. The coast is dotted with beautiful
bays and harbours, such as Abu-Qir and the crescent-shaped Alexandrian Eastern
Harbour which is overlooked by the majestic Qaitbay Fortress. The Corniche in
Alexandria is a treat during both summer and winter. Starting from Ras El Tin and
stretching all the way to Montazah you can enjoy spectacular view of the White
Mediterranean. The Cornice was developed in the 1930s and further developments
were made to it in the early 1990s. Beaches stretch along the coast from Maamoura
in the east and all the way to the Agamy beach west of Alexandria
The most popular tourist places are Antoniadis Gardens and Palace, Montazah
Palace, Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Qaitbay Citadel, Pompey’s pillar, catacomb Kom El
Shoqafa, Mostafa Kamel / EL Shatby cemeteries, Alexandria National Museum, Royal
Jewelry Museum, Maritime museum, Graeco-Roman Museum, Opera house and St.
Mena Monastery.
7
LOCATION
Alexandria is located in the North of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea at the western
extremity of the Nile River delta along the 70 km from east to west and is bordered
by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, and south Lake Marriott and EL-Behira
Govfrnorate and Matrouh Governorate in the west. Alexandria considered one of
the largest ports of the Arab Republic of Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea, and is
considered one of the greatest centers of the summer in the Middle East.
The region of Alexandria area governate 2,680 square km. The waterfront of
Alexandria extends to 93.5 starting from east Abu Qir gulf to west. The governorate
of Alexandria is divided into 7 main municipalities in addition to the city of Borg
ElArab
Alexandria is also an industrial governorate where 40% of Egyptian industries are
concentrated, especially The textile industry, cement, paper, printing, fertilizer, food
processing, iron and steel, metals, petroleum refining, natural gas production,
chemicals and petrochemicals, in addition to the industrial areas in Burg Al-Arab and
the Free Trade Zone in EL Amreya district. There are two ports in Alexandria, known
as the first port-east and the other known as the western port at El Dekhela.
There are various investment opportunities and fields in the city such as: industry,
building materials, cement, lands under reclamation, preferably cultivated plants
and medicinal herbs, conference tourism, medical tourism and the establishment of
marinas along the seacost of the city, exploitation the Cornish of Mahmudiya in the
establishment of recreational centers.
8
Education in Alexandria
Alexandria consider the capital of culture and education since the Greeco-Roman
period, it contain now different universities (one public University, 3 private and one
international university ) that support students with different area of specialization.
 Alexandria University is a Public University was established in 1942 and it contain
21 Faculties and high institutes.
 The Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport's: established
as regional institute for maritime transport started as a notion in the Arab League
Transport Committee's meetings on 11th of March, 1970.
 Pharos University was established in 2006 in accordance with the latest
internationally acknowledged standards and parameters regarding higher education
quality, and supported with advanced, highly equipped scientific laboratories.
 Egypt –Japan University of Science and Technology established in 2009 at new Borg
EL Arab city. And Senghor University established in 1990 for the prupose of the
African Development
HISTORY:
The city of Alexandria had been founded in 331 BC by the Greek conqueror
Alexander the Great in the small Egyptian port of Rhacotis. This small port town
became the capital of his empire with a trade and military seaport allowing the
conqueror to control the Mediterranean Sea. Alexander left Egypt only few months
after his arrival to march on Tyre, Phoenicia. So, his commander, Cleomenes had to
build the city as Alexander had envisioned. While Cleomenes accomplished this great
deal, the full expansion of Alexandria came under the rule of Alexander’s general
Ptolemy and the rule of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (332-30 BCE) which followed. In 323
BCE, Alexander the Great died and never saw his city accomplished (infoplease.com,
2012). Alexander the Great had targeted three main goals during the establishment
of Alexandria:
-Cultural: This city was the fort of the Greek civilization and in addition became the
intellectual capital of the antique world thanks to many poets, intellectuals who
wanted to bow to the famous library.
-Trading: With its famous port and lighthouse, Alexandria became one of the most
important place of trade between the East and the West.
-Militarily: Alexandria was the navy base to control the eastern part of the
Mediterranean Sea.
9
Ptolemy made the capital and began to transform it into one of the
greatest centers of learning in the Greek world. Alexandria was not
only a center of Hellenism but was also home to the largest city of the world.
Julius Caesar occupy the city in 47 B.C. and formally it became part of the Roman Empire.
It was the greatest of the Roman provincial capitals. In the later centuries of Roman rule
and under the Byzantine Empire, Alexandria rivaled Rome and Constantinople as a center
of Christian learning.
From the fourth century AD, between wars and conquests, Alexandria is in decline. When
the Muslim Arabs enter Alexandria in 642, its prosperity had withered, largely because of
a decline in shipping.
The discovery of a new maritime road by the Portuguese on the fifteenth century which
bypassed Africa with the aim of looking for the spices in India didn't arrange it...
During his Egyptian campaign, Napoleon occupy the city in 1798, but it fell to the British
in 1801. The city gradually regained importance after 1819, when the Mahmudiyah Canal
was completed by Muhammed Ali, who developed Alexandria as a deep-water port and a
naval station.
During the nineteenth century many foreigners like Greeks, Italians, French’s, Lebanese’s,
Syrians, Jewfishes and Armenians settled in Alexandria and participate in the
development of the railways between Cairo and Alexandria, the increase in commercial
activities and the boom of the cotton. The great cosmopolitan center declined during the
twentieth century, particularly after the 1952 Egyptian revolution
TYPES OF TOURISM
Today, Alexandria has 4609 million residents. Alexandria has always been popular as a
holiday destination for local Egyptians looking to escape the summer heat and enjoy the
Mediterranean beaches. Foreign tourists are also discovering how easy it is to visit
Alexandria for even just a day or two. There are several types of tourism:

Archeological and heritage tourism: Alexandria rich with its archeological culture
and
its
historical
monuments such as Pompey’s pillar, Catacomb Kom El Shoqafa, Qaitbay Citadel, Roman
theater, Alexandria national Museum and Greeco-Roman museum
10
11
 Leisure tourism: the city offers many theaters, cinemas, parks such
as montazah palace and gardens and also Antoniadis gardens
 Beach tourism: is one of the main touristic attraction especially in summer on both
local and national levels. Alexandria offers many beaches, public and private along the
seascost of the city (the private ones are especially beaches from luxury hotels like
Palestine, Salamlek in the Montazah Park and the private and the private beach of the
fourseason hotel and Maomoura bay, in addition to 30 five stars luxuries resort located
on the north coast of Alexandria along all the seacost 65 km between Alexandria &
Matrouh road, in addition to some resorts in king Marriout and Agamy neighborhood.
 Culture tourism: several cultural attraction we can found it in Alexandria such as
Alexandria Opera house Also known as the Sayed Darwish Theatre, it is amazing
cultural venue of the Pearl of the Mediterranean. In 2000, the building was put of
Egypt’s National Heritage list. Consequently, it has undergone seven years of
renovation works that gave back its splendour to the delicately decorated premises of
the opera. The venue hosts today world-class events, including all-time favourite
operas and ballets performed by local and international companies. The gorgeous
auditorium also hosts concerts, recitals, Arab
and international festivals and cultural
gatherings.
12
In addition to Bibliotheca Alexandrina which is Alexandrina is one of
Formattato: Inglese (Stati Uniti)
the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. The
library is located in front of Alexandria University. It
attracts both local and international tourists as well
as students to visit and explore its differant
sections.The Library of Alexandria aims to be a
center of excellence in the production and
dissemination of knowledge .The Bibliotheca
Alexandrina includes all the facilities needed for
tourists and visitors. Also it is surrounded by a
number of cultural and historical places as well as
returants, caffees and shops.
Formattato: Inglese (Stati Uniti)
 Therapeutic tourism: This kind of tourism is the main source of cure demanders,
they come from all over the world and some from Eastern Europe countries, Geneva,
Lebanon, and others. Alexandria has many places which are good for this kind of
tourism especially in king Marriott area eliminating the environmental pollution, also
Abu Qeir area which will be used in the future as an international tourist retreat
 Business tourism: Alexandria is considered as an important sea port on the
Mediterranean Sea and also has a commercial and industrial center, where
businessmen travel across the country for trade or for spending holidays even in winter
or summer.
 Sport tourism: Alexandria has of sport clubs with various sport games with several
private clubs (Sporting, Semouha and EL-Olompy clubs) in addition to the national club
(El-Etehad club)
 Religious tourism: Alexandria has many religious memorials Islamic like the famous
mosque Elmorsi Abu Elabas and Christian like the Coptic Orthodox church and
St. Mena monestry in King Marrioutt : is Located approximately 50 km southwest of
Alexandria, the small village-town of Abu-Mina is home to St. Mena (Mina) monastery.
St Mena is believed to have fallen as a martyr in the
early 4th century when the Roman Empire was
persecuting Christians. A modern monastery has
been built on the location of an ancient church. A
German archeological team has been working at
Abu Mina since 1969.
13
Recent attractions
Stanley Bridge: It is the first bridge in Egypt to be
constructed into the sea, with total length of 400
m. Considered of 6 spans, it constitute amajor part
of the reconstruction and decoration of Alexandria
cornich. A master piece of architectureal precision,
the bridge preserves the architectural style of the
famous and cosmopolitan Egyptian city.
Royal Jewellery Museum: the Royal Jewellery Museum of Alexandria is reopened to
tourists since April 2010 after 5 years of renovation. Housed in an exquisitely
decorated villa that formerly belonged to king Farouk’s first wife, the museum is a
true gem, offering on display a great collection of glitzy artefacts that belonged to the
excessive and extravagant Egyptian monarch and his family.
Qaitbay Maritime Museum (Sea Life & War Collections): Inside the Qaitbay Fort, we
can find the Qaitbay Maritime Museum, which houses a collection of several interesting
artifacts from the wars that it has witnessed. We can see relics from the Roman sea battles,
the Napoleonic wars in which the fort was bombarded, as well as the British wars in which it
was taken. There is also an interesting collection of sea diaphragms and sea creatures.
CLIMATE
During winter time (from December to February), the weather is fairly warm and
sunny in Alexandria although the sea will be too cold to swim in comfortably. The
average temperature of daytime fluctuates between 20°C to 22°C. On the other
hand, nighttime temperature becomes colder with 10°C. It is the best season to visit
Alexandria, especially from October to June the city climate eagerly welcomes the
tourists and for the people who love swimming the best period is from July to
September. A warm, dusty wind namely the “khamsin” comes during March until
June. Summer is humid, but with a breeze it still cooler than in the capital Cairo and
many Egyptians move to Alexandria in the summer. The average high frequently
climbs to mid-thirties while the low stands around 30°C. June is the sunniest month
of the year when Alexandria receives more than 12 hours of sunshine.
14
http://www.worldweatheronline.com
DEMOGRAPHICS
At the end of August 2012, Egypt reached a population of 91 million as announced by the
country’s official statistics body, CAPMAS. This statistic shows a growth of 18% since the last
census conducted in 2006, when population amounted to 76.5 million
(http://worldpopulationreview.com).
In Alexandria, from the late 19th century to the 1980s the population grew 10-fold, due to
the high birth rates and migration from the countryside. In the decade following the 1952
revolution, the city’s population reached roughly 1.5 million; by 1976 the population stood
at more than 2 million, with half the people under 20 years of age. The city’s population
continued to grow, reaching more than 4609 million in the early 21st century
(http://www.britannica.com).
15
FACILITIES AND SERVICES
Useful addresses:
-Tourism office of Alexandria: Midan Saad Zaghoul in front of the chamber of commerce.
-Touristic police: 23, sharia El-Mina el-Sharkia, midan Saad Zaghoul, in the same building of
the tourism office.
-Passport office: 28, sharia Talaat Harb.
Cheap Hotels:
(Rates for single & Double rooms start from 15$ to 20$)
-Blue Rivera Hotel: 65, sharia El-Geish.
-Triomphe Hotel: 26, sharia Gamal ad-Din Yassin
-Acropole Hotel: 27, sharia Gamal ad-Din Yassin
- Amoun Hotel, 32 El Nasr St., El Manshia
- Mecca Hotel, 44 El Gaish Road,
Hotels with moderate prices:
(Rates for single & Double rooms start from 40$ to 60$)
-Delta Hotel, 14 Champollion Street - Al Azarita,
- Grand Royal, EL Mansheya
- San Giovanni Stanly Hotel, 205 El Gueish Ave, Stanly
- Aifu Resort, El Montazah tower
- Plaza hotel, 394 El Gaish Ave, Zizinia
- EL Haram Hotel, 162 El Guish Road, Cleopatra
- Cleopatra hotel, 160 El Cornich Road – Cleopatra
- La Siesta Resort Alexandria, Suez Canal Bridge, Moharram Bek
- Regency Hotel, 696 Cornich Road, Al Asafra
Expensive Hotels:
(Rates for single & Double rooms start from 125$ to 300$)
- Four Season Hotel
- Windsor Palace: 17, sharia El-Shohada
-Le Metropole Hotel: 52, sharia Saad Zaghoul
-Hotel Sofitel Cecil: Midan Saad Zaghoul
-Salamlek Hotel: Montazah gardens
- Sheraton Hotel Corniche Road, Al Montazah
- Helanan Palestine hotel, Montzah garden
- Hilton Alexandria Green Plaza, 14th of May Bridge Road - Smouha
- Hilton Corniche, 544 El Geish Road, Sidi Bishr
- Paradise inn Beach resort, Maamoura Beach, Al Maamoura
- Tolip Hotel, Moustafa Kamel, Corniche Road Roushdy
- Raddisson Blue, MEHWAR EL TAAMEER; NORTHERN COAST ROAD, 21ST K,
- Mercure Hotel Romance, 303 El Geish Road, Saba Pasha
- Mediterranean Azur Hotel, 427 Cornish Road Roushdy
16
Restaurants:
Cheap restaurants:
-Mohammed Ahmed Fuul: 17, sharia Shakour
-La Taverna: 1, midan Saad Zaghoul
- Gad Restaurants
- EL Waheed fuul
- El Falah
- Abo Rabee3
-Houda El-Gondol for fish
Restaurants with moderate prices:
- White and Blue (before the Qaytbay fort)
-Abou El Sid: 39, sharia El-Horreya
-Abou Ashraf: 28, sharia safr Basha, Anfouchi
-Malek El-Saman: 48, sharia Masjid el-Attarine
- EL Safawany for Grill
- Pizza Queen
- Dahab for Pizza and pies
- Moemen for fast food
- El Sultan Aioub Restaurant
Expensive restaurants:
Jungle restaustrant, Grand Café, Greek Club, Fishmarket, Samakmak for Fish, Tikka grill,
Roastery restaurant, Balbaa village, Chez Gaby restaurant, Hosny, China House, Lebanero,
Studio Misr, Pizza Minouche, Kadoura for fish, Zanilli’s restaurants and café, Spectra
restaurants, sea Gull, Chilli’s, Ebn El Balad , Abo Shakra, Latino , Delight , De la vega
Franchise Brand Restaurant:
KFC, McDonlad’s, Hardees, Burger King, PizzaHut, Duppio zero, Starbucks, Brioche Doree,
Costa, Domino’s Pizza, Leila from Lebanon
Shopping In Alexandria
Alexandria have several shopping malls for shopping with wide varities and prices
Some malls such as (Carrefour city center and saint Stefano grand Plaza) have wide range of
Brands shops for clothes, shoes and bags, electronic, sports and swimwear. Like (H&M,
Debenhams, Mark and sepencer, Zara, Brreshka, Promod, Mango, Addidas, Timberland, Nike,
and Puma……., in addition to other several malls with wide range of shops in all
neighborhood of the city such as (falaky mall & Saad Zaghloul mall in the down town/
historical cemter, zahran mall and Green Plaza mall in semouha area, EL-Dieb Mall in
Roushdy area, El-Watania mall in Loran, Mina Mall in EL-Ibrahemya area, Downtown mall
front of Carrefour city center and Agamy star mall In Agamy area.
17
BIG EVENTS
– Alexandrina International Book Fair - Hadoutet Bahr (Sea Story) Workshop (2 to 4 April
2014)
– Knowledge Cafe : Held within the Youth and Environment Program, the event discusses
different scientific topics. (5th of April 2014)
– Youth for Environmental Sustainability and Better Understanding (YESBU) : Launched in
2002, the Youth for Environmental Sustainability and Better Understanding (YESBU) is a
program organized by the BA Special Advisors targeting young people from 13 to 17 years
old. It aims to raise environmental awareness among youth and provides them with elearning tools.
– African League of Young Masters (ALYM) The BA- Advisors for special programs launched
the African League of Young Masters (ALYM) in July 2011 under the umbrella of the Youth
and Environment Programs. This program is mainly directed to African students studying in
Alexandrina University. It aims to open channels of communication between those African...
– BA Orchestra, Easter Concert (BACC great Hall), 5th of April 2014
– Biovision: BioVisionAlexandria (BVA) is an international event organized by the Bibliotheca
Alexandrina in partnership with the World Life Sciences Forum, BioVision. It is a continuation
of the tradition that started in BioVision 1999 in Lyon, France in which BioVisionAlexandria
Conference was held every even year, alternating with the World Life Sciences Forum held in
Lyon every odd year since 2004.
– Alexandria International Film Festival: Since 1985, Egypt held an international festival for
Egyptian and international films, this festival held annually in Alexandria, is organized the
Egyptian Association for Cinema Writers and Critics under the sponsorship of the Ministry of
Culture and the Alexandria Governorate.
– Festival for celebrating Sayyed Darwish - Egypt’s revolutionary singer: Alexandria organize
this festival annually to celebrate the legacy of Darwish, which is not only musical but also
historical and national
– 26th of July the national day of Alexandria
– Acies Quartet - Austrian Chamber Music ,Alexandria Opera House
– Piano Recital - Kimball Gallagher (USA), Alexandria Opera House
– Tosca Famous Operas, Alexandria Opera House
Permanent exhibitions at the library
http://www.bibalex.org/Exhibitions/Contemporary_en.aspx
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ROAD NETWORKS/ TRANSPORTATION
Alexandria is accessible by flight with Borg El-Arab Airport (50 km from Alexandria).
It's also accessible by train with the Masr station and the Sidi Gaber station.
And finally accessible by bus also: Autobus station with three companies: Super jet –
West and Middle Delta Bus – Go Bus.
Transportation within the city:
Taxis: the black and yellow (around 15LE, but it depends on the journey). There are
also private taxis more comfortable and more expensive.
Tramway: Parallel to the Corniche. 0.25LE by journey. Blue tram goes to the East and
the yellow one to the West.
Minibus: Useful for the Corniche. 1.25LE per person.
Red buses: Between Montazah and Ras El Tin (3LE)
19
Tourism Demand in Alexandria
Tourism contribution to the national economy:
Tourism has become one of the leading sectors of economic growth and the highest in terms
of generating new job opportunities because of being a labor intensive industry and its
interdependence with other sectors.
Over the last two decades, tourism has proven to be a fast growing economic sector, with an
average growth of 25% per year in arrivals and a 32.5% increase in receipts. Its share
represents 19.3% of total income of foreign currencies.
The tourism sector is considered as one of the principal generators of employment,
accounting for 12.6% of the employed population. Tourism as a labour intensive industry
creates jobs in almost 70 related sectors.
Tourism industry effectively contributed to generating value added, job opportunities and
enhancing Egypt's balance of payments as well as boosting tourism industry-related
industries and activities through what is known as tourism multiplier (Alex bank, 2010).
Tourism arrivals in Egypt increased gradually in the period of 2005-2008, then a slight
decrease in the numbers of 2009 can be noticed. The tourist arrivals witnessed a boom in
2010 that was followed by a decrease in 2011 due to political instabilities. As the tourism
sector is sensitive to any changes, fluctuations in the tourism demand can be noticed. The
share of Alexandria of tourist arrivals was consequently influenced by these fluctuations
(Table 1).
Table (1): Actual and Estimated number of tourist arrivals in Alexandria.
Number of
Number of
Number of
Year
tourists in Egypt
tourists in
Year
tourists in
Alexandria
Egypt
2005
8.244000(5)
370000(1)
2010
14.051000(3)
-
2006
8.646000(5)
413781(2)
2011
9.497000(3)
1.036064(4)
2007
10.610000(5)
-
2012
11.169000(3)
1.228590*
2008
12.296000(5)
-
2013
9.500000(3)
1.045000*
2009
11.914000(5)
Source:
(1) Muhammed, 2011.
(2) Iraqi, 2007.
(3) UNWTO, 2013.
(4) Tourism in Figures, 2012.
20
Number of
tourists in
Alexandria
-
(5) World-statistics, 2014. * Estimated
Tourism in Alexandria:
The number of tourist arrivals in Alexandria in 2011 accounted for 1,036064 (Tourism in
figures, 2012). Compared with the average of tourist arrivals in the interval of 2000-2011 (~
380000 tourists), it can be noticed that the number of tourists almost increased by 235% in
2011. This increase in tourist arrivals should be substantiated by developments in
infrastructure and superstructure in order to avoid congestion in vital services in the city.
Taking the number of tourist arrivals as a basis supported by the numbers of national tourist
arrivals, it can be calculated that Alexandria approximately contributed by 11% of national
tourist arrivals in 2011 (Table 1 and Figure 1). This contribution increased notably if
compared with the figures of 2005 and 2006, where Alexandria only contributed by 4.6% of
total national tourist arrivals.
Figure 1: Number of tourist in Alexandria and Barcelona.
Source: Muhammed, 2011.
Table 2 shows the number of visitors to main sites and museums in Alexandria. The figures
show that the number of foreigners exceeded Egyptians in 2009. This trend changed since
then and a large number of Egyptians dominated the visits to the sites in Alexandria
exceeding the number of tourists by 84% in 2013.
The number of tourists to sites in Alexandria was taking a downward slope since 2009 and a
notable drop off can be noticed in 2011, where the figures decreased by 88% compared to
2010. The numbers since then started to rise till 2013, where it reached 4% increase when
compared to 2012. It is worth to mention, that if the numbers of 2009 and 2013 were
compared, a large drop off by approximately 93% can be observed. Fluctuation in the
numbers of Egyptians to Alexandria sites can be noticed. A raise in the numbers by 23%
could be noted in 2010 if compared to 2009 then the numbers dropped off by 50% in 2011. A
raise of 18% can be detected followed by a drop off by 38% in 2013.
In summary, Alexandria relied in the last period on domestic tourism due to political
instabilities prevailing in the country. The potentials of Alexandria should be closely explored
and developed parallel to expanding the infra- and supra structure projects to support any
21
new stream of foreign tourists.
616558
522507
Egyptians
556942
685503
-15
62488
+23
346224
2012
-88
41643
-50
409843
2013
Change
%
Tourists
2011
Change
%
2010
Change
%
2009
Change
%
Table 2: Number of Visitors to main sites and museums in Alexandria
-34
43444
+4
+18
256807
-38
Source: General Department of Antiquities and Police (Ministry of Interior), 2014.
Contribution of tourism to Alexandria`s economy:
Tourism in Alexandria relies mainly on domestic tourism in addition to quick trips by sea.
Tourism does not contribute directly to Alexandria`s economy considering the number of the
population working in this sector according to the figures of 2006 (Figure 2). However, it is
worth to mention, that the indirect impact of tourism can play a major role in supporting the
economy of Alexandria in terms of generating indirect employment and income, unlike other
governorates like Sharm ElSheikh and Hurghada where a wide range of the population works
directly in the tourism sector.
Alexandria has much unexplored potentials for tourism that need to be located and
developed by the public and private sector in order to increase the direct contribution of
tourism to the economy of Alexandria and Egypt as a whole.
Figure 2: The % of population of selected governorates working in the tourism
sector in 2006. Source: Abdel-Latif et al, 2012.
Distribution of tourists in Alexandria by nationality, tourist nights, types of tourists,
points of entry and seasons:
Figure (3) shows the distribution of tourists in Alexandria according to nationality in
1996. Domestic tourism accounts for the majority of the tourism flow followed by
international tourists and Arab tourists successively.
22
The figures show, that tourism in Alexandria mainly relies on
domestic tourism which represents more than 68% of the number of tourists visiting
the city, while the international tourists represent more than 22% while the Arabs
only
repr
ese
nt
10%
.
Figu
re 3:
Nu
mbe
r of tourists by origins
Source: Muhammed, 2011
In 2006, the figures showed that domestic tourism accounted for 58% of total tourist
arrivals to Alexandria, while the international tourists represent 24% and the Arabs
18% of total tourist arrivals. The figures show that the number of Arabs and
international tourists increased on behalf of domestic tourists comparing the
numbers of 1996 and 2006 (Table 3).
The breakdown of the demand by nationalities on the different months from January
to October 2006 shows, that domestic and Arab tourist arrivals are highly
concentrated in summer especially in August, while international tourists are highly
concentrated at spring time (Table 3).
Tourist nights in Alexandria are highly concentrated in the period of July-September
and a notable decrease in tourist arrivals in winter can be noticed.
23
Table 3: Monthly Breakdown of Types of Tourists and Tourist
Nights in Alexandria (2006)
Source: Iraqi, 2007
Table (4) shows that the average tourist nights in the period 1992-2002 accounted for
1.9. This indicates that tourists in Alexandria are mainly interested in quick trips or in
other words one-day tours. This phenomenon has to be closely studied when
considering ways to develop Alexandria as a tourist destination and not a transit city.
Table 4: Number of hotels, rooms, tourists and average tourist nights in Alexandria
(strategic plan 2022).
Source: Muhammed, 2011.
24
Table (5) shows a monthly breakdown of tourist arrivals by main
points of entry in the period of 2009-2013. Before 2011, the numbers were
increasing, and then a downward slope took place.
Looking at the monthly breakdown, it becomes clear that tourists in 2009 were
concentrated mainly in the month of June to September, with the peak existing in
August. In 2010, the distribution did not follow a certain pattern, were fluctuations
occurred throughout the year with a peak in tourist flows existing in July. In 2011,
with the political instabilities the total number of tourist flows decreased with the
peak in January, March and July. In 2012, the season extended from July to
December, where a recovery in the tourist flow compared to 2011 could be noticed.
In 2013, starting from January an increase in the numbers could be detected till it
reached the peak in June. Since then a downward slope took place till December.
As an overall evaluation, it seems that July is on the top of the months in terms of
the density of tourist flows. In certain years, some compactness in the tourist flows in
January could be noticed.
Table 5: Monthly Breakdown of Tourist Arrivals by Main Points of Entry
Year
2009
2010
2011
2012
Month
January
9239
8232
11524
7502
12405
February
8600
10897
3623
8108
11128
March
7188
9789
11547
9934
13017
April
10238
11866
8853
9844
15059
May
8852
9985
6489
10322
16319
June
9494
15503
8877
14264
27670
July
13798
29133
11628
18378
11592
August
18231
11700
6303
12564
10034
September
13279
15163
8324
13050
9582
October
11641
13470
9420
14023
11318
November
9787
17041
7241
10875
6824
December
8456
14139
8142
10834
9364
Total
128803
166918
102071
139698
154312
Source: Central Agency For Public Mobilization and Statistics, Passports, Emigration
& Nationality Administration (Ministry of Interior), 2014.
25
2013
The distribution of demand according to mostly visited areas in Alexandria:
Figure (4) shows that the mostly visited parts in Alexandria are divided into three areas. The
first area (the city center) includes most of the cultural and historical sites like (Alexandria
Bibliotheca, Roman Theater and historical synagogue, churches and mosques). The second
area which is in the far east of the city contains the Royal Palace of Montazah, a huge park
with unique plants and ancient palm trees. The third area is the northern coast with its
marvelous beaches.
Figure 4: Map of Alexandria
Source: Muhammed, 2011.
Development of different areas to support the tourism sector:
On the supply side, the Egyptian tourism sector as a whole has seen numerous
developments in different areas, such as marketing, infrastructure, and human
resources. Below is an overview of tourism development in Alexandria.
Tourism marketing
Alexandria ambience and cultural heritage with an exotic Orient Flavor, is truly captivating
and attracts travelers from all over the world. (Hassan, 2011)
In spite of the fact that Alexandria is a prime summer destination for domestic tourism and it
is a unique city by its culture and its nature, it has not been properly included on the map of
international tourism. The share of Alexandria is about 1.2% of the total international
tourism in Egypt, and this province has not received its fair share from marketing efforts at
the local, regional, and international level (Hassan, 2011). So Alexandria tourism market
depends mainly on the national and international tourism campaigns for Egypt as a whole.
26
Tourism development
The tourism sector in Alexandria depends mostly on the domestic tourist
market as international tourists, mostly from the Arab countries, are limited. Alexandria's
unique location on the Mediterranean as well as its various attractions, offer the city
tremendous potentials to draw various tourist segments, if the appropriate mix of services,
infrastructure, policies and marketing schemes are provided (Eiweida, 2007).
However, researches and interviews with the public and private sector in Alexandria
indicated that there are several structural weaknesses in the tourism sector of Alexandria.
The Governorate of Alexandria as well as the private sector is very keen on developing the
tourism sector as it creates employment opportunities, generates greater exports, and
improves the wealth of the city (Eiweida, 2007).
The Alexandria Tourism Development Strategy came with the following findings and
conclusions:
1- Hotel accommodation capacity is considered low regarding an important city like
Alexandria.
2- Only 1:2% of foreign tourists to Egypt visit Alexandria.
3- Both domestic and international hotel clients have a very short average length of stay, and
most of them are for business.
4- The annual expenditure of hotel clients is good, but could increase significantly if length of
stay increased and more culture and recreational activities were included.
The trend towards expanding tourism arrivals, bed-nights and tourism contribution to
Alexandria’s economy is growing faster than ever. Therefore, it is becoming more and more
important to increase the number of 5 stars hotels, improve services and facilities of all
existing hotels and focus on promotional efforts
Further, tourism and heritage sights need to be revived or made accessible.
Actions include the following:
1- Conservation of the available heritage.
2- Development of the eastern port and underwater monuments.
3- Using the fame of the Alexandria lighthouse for marketing purposes.
4- Development of new tourism and heritage sights.
Infrastructure efficiency
The quality of infrastructure is considered as one of the main factors determining the level of
attractiveness of any tourist destination. Infrastructure form an integral part of the tourism
package (B, 2009/2010). For instance, road infrastructure enhances accessibility of tourists to
different parts of the destination while airport infrastructure ensures that tourists
experience a comfortable transition from the plane into the borders of the destination
country and vice versa. Other infrastructure such as waste water and energy among others
are also believed to result in more reliable services and thus enhance the attractiveness of
the destination (B, 2009/2010).
Unfortunately, infrastructure in Alexandria is below requested level when compared with the
tourism demand in summer (peak season)
Alexandria is the second biggest province according to population after Cairo. Nearly 5
million residents live in Alexandria, in addition to not less than 2 million visitors annually
which are more than what a poor services and facilities city can handle (Ela, 2014).
27
According to the local council of the governorate, Alexandria receives 600
cars and buses during the summer, most of them coming from the
governorate of Lower Egypt. The number increases and exceeds a thousand on Thursdays,
Fridays and national holidays. The problem is that the streets of Alexandria were not
designed to accommodate even half the number.
Consequently, Alexandria suffers from traffic congestion all day and overcrowded beaches.
During holidays, the city welcomes thousands of tourists who are looking for a quick and
cheap trip; "One-day trips" (Ela, 2014). The one-day trips is a new phenomenon on
Alexandria as it's always been the destination of those who are seeking relaxation for few
days, usually a week. But the development of transportation system has led to a better
connection of the governorate with the others via a network of highways. This has changed
tourist destinations. People living around Delta, travel to more economic beaches such as
Baltim and Gamasa instead of Alexandria. Alexandria visitors' social background has changed
and led the middle class from the city to turn to western beaches in the north coast and
Marsa Matrouh where they seek privacy and calm.
Transportation is one of the main elements of tourism infrastructure. In Alexandria, means
of transportation include:
1- Airports: Alexandria is served by Alexandria International Airport (at Nozha; under
renovation) and Borg al Arab Airport which is located about 25 km (16 miles) away from city
center.
2- Highways: Alexandria is served by many highways, such as:
- The International coastal road. (Alexandria - port Said)
- The desert road. (Alexandria - Cairo)
- The Agricultural road. (Alexandria - Cairo)
- The Circular road.
- Ta'ameer road. (Alexandria - North Coast)
3- Rail: Alexandria's intercity commuter rail system extends from Misr Station (Alexandria's
primary intercity railway station) to Abu Qir, parallel to the tram line. The commuter
line's locomotives operate on diesel, as opposed to the overhead-electric tram.
4- Tram: An extensive tramway network was built in 1860 and is the oldest in Africa. The
tram network begins at Alraml district in the west and ends in the Victoria district in the
east. Most of the vehicles are blue in color. Some smaller vehicles colored in yellow have
further routes beyond the two main endpoints.
5- Buses: Alexandria has two kinds of buses:
- Public buses are operated by Alexandria Governorate's Agency for Public Passenger
Transport.
- Modern air conditioned red double-decker buses run the length of the Courniche.
6- Taxis: Taxis in Alexandria are yellow-and-black in color and are widely available. While
Egyptian law requires all cabs to carry meters, these generally do not work and fares must
be negotiated with the driver on either departure or arrival.
7- Minibuses: The minibus share taxi system, or mashrū` operates along well-known traffic
arteries. The routes can be identified by both their endpoints and the route between them.
8- Port: Alexandria hosts four harbors; namely the Western Harbor, which is the main harbor
of the country that handles about 60% of the country’s exports and imports, El Dekhiela
Harbor west of the Western Harbor, the Eastern Harbor which is a fishing and yachting
harbor, and Abu Qir Harbor at the northern east of the governorate. It is a commercial
harbor for general cargo and phosphates.
28
Accommodation units are also one of the main elements of tourism
infrastructure. According to "Discover Alex" website, Alexandria has more
than 80 hotel, only 38 of them are highly rated. Alexandria also has more than 1,195
Restaurant, and more than 80 tourist attractions (Anon., 2014).
The Governorate of Alexandria is investigating some projects to further develop the tourism
sector in partnership with the private sector (Husar, 2007, p. 22). The Alexandrian
Governorate has encouraged the Government of Egypt to request an investment project
from the World Bank to lay a first foundation towards achieving the commonly-defined longterm vision for Alexandria by implementing key investments of the City Development
Strategy. The so-called Alexandria Development Project (ADP) is now under negotiations, is a
joint project between the Alexandria Governorate, Ministry of Housing and the Utilities and
Urban Development (Eiweida, 2007, p. 48). The aim of the project is the development of
Alexandria through strategic investments in infrastructure (Eiweida, 2007, p. 49).
Human resources
Alexandria Governorate is the second biggest urban settlement and capital of Egypt after
great Cairo. The area of Alexandria governorate is 2,680 square km. Alexandria’s
administration is structured as follows: the Governorate consists of three cities: Alexandria,
Borg El Arab City and Centre and New Borg El Arab, which was planned for 750,000
inhabitants. The city of Alexandria is divided into six districts, three local village units, and
five sub-village units. The main districts of the urban area are: Montazah, Eastern District,
Middle District, Western District, Customs District and Al Ameriah District. The Montazah
district is the most populated area in Alexandria and houses the 26 % of the city’s
population, while Borg El Arab houses 1.4% of the total population, being the least
populated district. The rural population is estimated to be 18.7% of the total governorate
population, located in Al Amria, Borg El Arab and other villages (Eldaidamony, 2011).
Year
Estimated population
2002
3 661 131
2003
3 724 360
2004
3 790 062
2005
3 855 993
2006
3 919 290
2007
4 164 750
2008
4 238 100
2009
4 316 741
2010
4 400 264
2011
4 471 305
2012
4 508 685
Source: (CAPMAS, 2012)
Tourism is a labor-intensive industry and the employment generated by tourism is
considered large when compared with other sectors. It creates direct employment in
accommodation establishments and indirect employment in tourism-related industries, such
as restaurants, tour operators, shops and bazars, guides and transportation (Rady, 2002). The
following statistics are concerned with the labor force of the tourism industry in Egypt as a
whole (it was quite difficult to get those of Alexandria):
29
Year
Direct employment (,000)
Total employment (,000)
2007
1693.1
3725.5
2008
1699.9
3765.9
2009
1638.0
3645.6
2010
1676.9
3709.7
2011
1384.0
3120.6
2012
1375.5
3106.6
Source: (WTTC, 2013)
In order to raise the quality of human resources in the tourism field, tourism education and
training should focus on training personnel who come in direct contact with the visitors; such
as hotel staff, restaurants, tour operators and tour guides. There are many other fields
related to tourist services, such as transportation, banks, clinics, that require training to raise
their tourism awareness. There are two universities; Alexandria and Farous that offer tourism
education through their faculties of tourism and hotels. In addition there are many Technical
institutes that offer tourism – related courses, such as tourism studies, hotel management
and tour guide. There are three categories of technical institutes. The first one accepts
enrolment of students who finish secondary school and the study period is four years. The
second category of technical institutes is similar to the first one, except that the study period
is two years. The third category accepts students who finish preparatory school, and the
study period is five years (Rady, 2002).
Estimated numbers of students studying tourism and hotels courses
Students enrolled in
2009
2010
Faculties of tourism and hotels all over Egypt
13 858 17 907
High institutes and Academies of tourism and hotels 18 925 21 321
all over Egypt
Technical institutes of tourism and hotels all over 2 465
2 980
Egypt
Source: (CAPMAS, 2012)
Estimated numbers of graduates studied tourism and hotels courses
Graduates graduated from
2009
2010
Faculties of tourism and hotels all over Egypt
3 863
3 732
High institutes and Academies of tourism and hotels 7 106
all over Egypt
Technical institutes of tourism and hotels all over 1 344
Egypt
Source: (CAPMAS, 2012)
30
2011
17 491
22 186
2 938
2011
3 365
5 411
5 083
1 403
1 467
Potentials of new Types of Tourism in Alexandria
Tourism in Alexandria is mainly concentrated on cultural and beach tourism, while there are
many other potentials that could be used in creating new activities and new types of tourism
in Alexandria (Alex bank, 2010):
Dark tourism:
This type of tourism includes traveling to places such as sites, attractions and events linked in
one way or another with death, suffering, violence, or disaster. Examples of dark tourism are
today visible and clear in Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine, and Israel (Isaac,R.,2012).
Dark tourism could be developed in “Al-quediseen “ church at sidi-bishr where the attack on
Coptic Christians in Alexandria, January 2011 had happened , twenty three people died as a
result of the attack, which occurred as Christian worshipers were leaving a new year service ,
Some 97 more were injured. The explosion resulted in scattered body parts, destroyed cars
and smashed windows
Tombs of the Copts in Borg el-Arab where the church victims had buried could be a dark
tourism destination as well.
All other ancient Greco-Roman Tombs (Kom Elshoqafa-Kom El Dekka-Elshatby-Moustafa
Kamel –tombs) can also be put on a specific route with the previously mentioned ones in
order to market Alexandria as a dark tourism destination.
Roots tourism:
This type of tourism could be improved for foreign communities (mainly from Greece and
Italy) whose relatives and friends used to live in Alexandria, they tend to visit Alexandria
from time to time (Barrado,D.,2011; Nassar,N.,2009) .
Sports tourism:
Alexandria has a plenty of sport clubs with various sports games, which host other clubs
through the different competitions held all over the year, while this kind of tourism need to
be improved and well promoted (Barrado,D.,2011; Giorgio,A.,2009) , for example Sporting
club, Smouha club and Etihad club
Golf tourism could be developed in Alexandria by using huge empty spaces in Borg ElArab.Diving and hunting activities could be applied in the area of Nilson Island in Abuqier
and at the lake of Marioutt .In addition, Yachting Club can reactivate its important role as an
international organizer for fishing competitions.
Unfortunately, Lake Marioutt has become over time a repository of industrial, agricultural
and sanitary water discharge, and is now the cause of many environmental threats in the city
and the delta region generally.(araburban.org) Therefore this Lake needs to be cleaned up
and prepared for those activities .
Business tourism:
Business tourism includes visitors participating in charity events, governmental meetings &
conferences, Incentive travel, Exhibitions and trade shows.. (Strategic Action Plan for Tourism
in England, 2010).
Alexandria is considered as an important sea port on the Mediterranean Sea, and as a
commercial industrial center as well, where businessmen travel could across the country for
trade or for spending holidays even in winter or summer in order to attend commercial and
industrial exhibitions (Barrado, D., 2011).
31
Residential tourism:
This is a specific type of tourism in which tourists choose non-hotel
accommodations for their stays, these accommodations usually involve an owned, rented
property, or timeshare (Sesena,J.,2004).
This type of tourism could be applied in Alexandria by renting houses of local people which
will come with benefits to local community as well.
Back-stage tourism:
It is a sort of cultural heritage tourism that can encourage the establishment of traditions
and the restoration of historic sites and monuments. But its role is extended than just being
a monument oriented tourism, it is an experience of what can be behind the scenes. Who
lived in these monuments, their traditions, life style, actions and characters and all stories
told by locals narrated by their ancestors. It is an enjoyable and educational way to get in
contact with the local people and learn about their community’s heritage. It is not only
connected to the past but, it also to explores the present culture and way of life.
It is about taking walks and doing a lot of “foot walks” in the evening around the back streets
of the tourist destination to see the true style of the resident’s way of life, to explore some of
the main holiday activities taken by them. ( Novelli, 2005; Nassar,N.,2009).
This type of tourism could be applied and developed in many historical places in Alexandria,
but needs raising the local people awareness about importance of tourism and benefits that
return to them.
Event tourism:
Alexandria could be a strong destination for event tourism, as there are some international
festivals held annually in Alexandria, and the Opera house could be an important destination
for tourists.
Alexandria could be a destination for holding conferences as well, as there are the
conference Centre in Bibliotheca Alexandrina and conference centers of 5star hotels.
Yacht tourism:
This type of tourism could be applied in Alexandria by using the Alexandria port and yacht
club in Bahari.
Authentic tourism:
There is a growing desire to obtain experiences and products that are original and the real
thing, not contaminated by being fake or impure (Yeomana,I..Al.,2007) this type of tourism
could be developed at Borg El-Arab as there are Bedouins people living there with their
authentic life style .
Music Tourism
The fact that the famous musician "Sayed Darwish" (March 17, 1892 – September 15, 1923 )
was born and lived in Alexandria can be invested in organizing music concerts for famous
Egyptian and Arab singers over a specific month yearly where musician, audience all over
the world, sponsors…etc can meat under one roof (Sayed Darwish Opera House).
32
Urban Tourism Trends of the historical center (Al-Raml Station -Downtown)
Al-Raml Station is an important neighbourhood in Alexandria, Egypt. It is considered as the
city center and the main shopping area. It is one of the primary centers for tourism, retail,
and entertainment in the city and contains the main station of the Alexandria Tram.
One of the defining features of Al-Raml Station (Mahatet el-Raml) is the specialization of
vendors along certain streets (e.g. sellers of electrical and electronic equipment congregate
in Nabi Danial Street). These vendors also attract tourists, helped by the presence of several
hotels, including international chains such as Sofitel, restaurants, and other entertainment
and nightlife. The Alexandria Opera House and Alexandria Creativity Center, venues for
traditional and non-traditional performing arts respectively, are also located in the district.
1- History:
Al-Raml Station is the old city of Alexandria. All the history of Alexandria began in this
district; with its great lighthouse, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the Temple
of Serapis, the Serapion, which was part of the legendary library among other sites.
The Founding of the City
After conquering Syria in 332 BCE, Alexander the Great swept down into Egypt with his
army. He founded Alexandria in the small port town of Rhakotis by the sea and set about the
task of turning it into a great capital. He designed the plan for the city which was so greatly
admired later by the historian Strabo (63 BCE-21CE) who wrote,
"The city has magnificent public precincts and royal palaces which cover a fourth or even a
third of the entire area. For just as each of the kings would, from a love of splendor, add
some ornament to the public monuments, so he would provide himself at his own expense
with a residence in addition to those already standing".
The palaces and grand homes Strabo mentions did not exist at the time Alexander founded
the city. Although he was greatly admired by the Egyptians (and was even declared a demigod by the Oracle at Siwa), Alexander left Egypt only a few months after his arrival to march
on Tyre in Phoenicia. It was left to his commander, Cleomenes, to build the city Alexander
had envisioned. While Cleomenes accomplished a great deal, the full expansion of
Alexandria came under the rule of Alexander’s general Ptolemy and the rule of the
Ptolemaic Dynasty (332-30 BCE) which followed. After Alexander’s death in 323 BCE,
Ptolemy brought his body back to Alexandria to be entombed and, following the wars of the
Diodachi, began rule of Egypt from Alexandria, supplanting the old capital of Memphis. The
historian and scholar Mangasarian writes,
“Under the Ptolemies, a line of Greek kings, Alexandria soon sprang into eminence, and,
accumulating culture and wealth became the most powerful metropolis of the Orient.
Serving as the port of Europe, it attracted the lucrative trade of India and Arabia. Its markets
were enriched with the gorgeous silks and fabrics from the bazaars of the Orient. Wealth
brought leisure, and it, in turn, the arts. It became, in time, the home of a wonderful library
and schools of philosophy, representing all the phases and the most delicate shades of
thought. At one time it was the general belief that the mantle of Athens had fallen upon the
shoulders of Alexandria."
33
The city grew to become the largest in the known world at the time,
attracting scholars, scientists, philosophers, mathematicians, artists, and
historians. Eratosthenes (c.276-194 BC) calculated the circumference of the earth to within
50 miles (80 km) at Alexandria. Euclid taught at the university there. Archimedes (287-212
BC) the great mathematician and astronomer may have taught there and was certainly
studied there. The greatest engineer and mathematician of his day, Hero (also known as
Heron, 10-70 CE) was born and lived in Alexandria. Hero was credited with amazing feats in
engineering and technology including the first vending machine, the force-pump, and a
theatre of automated figures who danced, among his other inventions.
The City under Rome
Following Caesar’s assassination in 44 BCE, his right-hand man, Marcus Antonius (Mark
Antony) became Cleopatra’s consort and left Rome for Alexandria. The city became his base
of operations over the next thirteen years until he and Cleopatra were defeated
by Octavian Caesar at the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE. The next year, Cleopatra and Antony
both committed suicide and, with her death, the Ptolemaic line came to an end. Octavian
became first emperor of Rome and took the title `Augustus’. Alexandria now became a
simple province of the Roman Empire under the rule of Augustus Caesar.
Augustus consolidated his power in the provinces and had Alexandria restored. Scholars who
argue against Julius Caesar’s role in the burning of the great library point to the fact that
there is evidence it was still extant under the reign of Augustus and that visitors were still
attracted to the city as a seat of learning. Alexandria was again ruined in 115 CE in the Kitos
War and was again restored, this time by the EmperorHadrian, who, as a man of learning,
took great interest in Alexandria. According to tradition, the Greek Septuagint (the Greek
translation of the Bible) was composed in Alexandria, completed in 132 CE, in order that it
could take its place among the great books of the library in the city. Religious scholars were
said to frequent the library for research and Alexandria had long attracted people of many
different faiths who vied for dominance in the city. Under Augustus’ reign there were
disputes between Jews and pagans and, asChristianity grew in popularity, the Christians
added to the public unrest. After the Roman emperorConstantine the Great (272-337 CE)
passed the Edict of Milan in 313 CE (decreeing religious tolerance), Christians were no longer
liable for prosecution under the law and began to not only demand more religious rights, but
more vociferously attack the pagans and the Jews.
Christianity and the Decline of Alexandria
Alexandria, which had been a city of prosperity and learning, became an arena of religious
contention between the new faith of the Christians and the old faith of the pagan majority.
The Christians increasingly felt bold enough to strike at the symbols of the old faith in an
attempt to topple it.
Under the reign of Theodosius I (347-395 CE) paganism was outlawed and Christianity
encouraged. In 391 CE the Christian Patriarch Theophilus followed Theodosius’ lead and had
all the pagan temples in Alexandria destroyed or converted into churches. By the year 400
CE Alexandria was in constant religious turmoil and, in 415 CE, this resulted in the murder of
the Neo-Platonic philosopher Hypatia and, according to some scholars, the burning of the
great library and the complete destruction of the temple of Serapis. Alexandria declined
rapidly after this date with scholars, scientists, and thinkers of all disciplines leaving the city
for safer locales.
34
Formattato: Giustificato
The city became steadily impoverished after the rise of Christianity, both
financially and culturally, and became increasingly a battlefield for
warring faiths. It was conquered by the Sassanid Persians in 619 CE. The Christian Byzantine
Empire under Heraclius re-claimed the city in 628 CE but lost it to the invading Arab Muslims
under Caliph Umar in 641 CE. The forces of the Christian Byzantines and the Muslim Arabs
then fought for control of the city, and Egypt, until the Arabian forces prevailed in 646 CE
and Egypt fell under Islamic rule.
What was not destroyed by war was taken down by nature and, by 1323 CE, most of
Ptolemaic Alexandria was gone. The great lighthouse was steadily destroyed by earthquakes
as was much of the port. In 1994 the first discoveries were made known of a number of
relics, statuary, and buildings in the harbor of Alexandria
2- Location:
Al-Raml Station is a neighbourhood in Alexandria governorate. It belongs to Al-Gomrok
district (Customs district). It is considered the main downtown for Alexandria. It is one of the
primary centers for tourism, retail and entertainment in the city.
3- Types of tourism:
As previously mentioned, Al-Raml Station is the old city of Alexandria. It is considered as one
of the primary centers for tourism and entertainment in the city, because it is so near to
most of the attractions and entertainment facilities. There are several types of tourism,
that's applied in the area, such as:
- Archaeological and heritage tourism: the area contains many historical sites and
museums.
- Leisure tourism: Al-Raml station is also considered as one of the primary centers for
entertainment and recreation in Alexandria. It offers many theatres, cinemas, restaurants,
cafes and many shops.
-Religious tourism: The Area contains many famous and historical mosques and churches,
like Al-Naby Danial Mosque, el Morsy Abou Elabbas Mosque and the Coptic Cathedral
- Yacht tourism: there is a yacht club that organizes yachting and fishing competition
regularly.
4- Climate:
Al-Raml station is one of the neighbourhoods of Al-Gomrok district (Customs District), which
is one of the big districts of Alexandria governorate, so the climate of Al-Raml station is the
same climate of Alexandria as a whole.
The prevailing north wind, blowing across the Mediterranean, gives Alexandria a markedly
different climate from that of the desert hinterland. Summers are relatively temperate,
although humidity levels arise in July and August, the hottest month, when the average
temperature reaches 87 °F (31 °C). Winters are cool and invariably marked by a series of
violent storms that can bring torrential rain and even hail. The mean daily temperature
in January, which is the coldest month, is 64 °F (18 °C).
35
5- Demographics:
As Al-Raml station is one of the neighbourhoods of Al-Gomrok district
(Customs District), which is one of the big districts of Alexandria governorate. It has
population of more than 500 thousands in this area.
6- Facilities and services:
Al-Raml Station is considered the main downtown for Alexandria, because it contains most
of the facilities and services in Alexandria. Here is a list for all types of facilities and services
that Al-Raml Station has:
Hotel Name
Status
Sofitel Alex (****)
Cecil Hotel
Paradise Inn (****)
Windsor
Palace Hotel
Paradise Inn (***)
Metropole
Easy

Accommodation Facilities:
Knowledge Organization
of it
Famous
private

Famous
private

Famous
private

Unknown
private
Union Hotel
)**(

Unknown
private
Crillon Hotel
)**(

Unknown
private
New Capri )**(
Hotel

Unknown
private
New

Unknown
private
Hotel (*)
Acropole
Hotel
(*)
Normandy
Hotel
(*)
Fouad Hotel
)*(

Not
so private
famous


Level of
usability
Hard
Star (**)
Sea
Hotel
36
Accessibility
Unknown
private
Unknown
private
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Hotel )*(

Unknown
private
Philip House )*(

Unknown
private
Park )*(

Unknown
private
Misr
Hide
Hotel
Semiramis
Hotel
)*(

famous
Triumph
Hotel
)*(

Not
so private
famous

Le Roi Hotel )*(
Borg
El )*(
Thaghr
Hotel
Restaurants:
Restaurant
Status
Name
37
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Unknown
private

Unknown
private
Accessibility
Knowledge
of it
Level of
usability
Not
so International
famous
chain
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours: 9
am - 2
am
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
_
Bistrot Cafe
fast food
Easy

Hard
KFC
fast food

famous
International
chain
Pizza Hut
fast food

famous
International
chain
Tazaj
fast food

Not
so International
famous
chain
Mo'men
fast food
Mcdonald's
fast food

Not
so Local chain
famous
famous
International
chain
Little
fast food

famous

International
Working
Hours: 9
am - 2
am
_
Caesars
Pizza
Denis
Restaurant
Asteria
chain

Seafood
Seafood

Santa Lucia Bakeries & 
Patisserie
Pastry shop
Le Plat D'or French
Restaurant
restaurant

Unknown
private
King Edward International
Restaurant
restaurant

Unknown
private
Athineos
International
restaurant

famous
private
International
restaurant
Trianon
French
restaurant
Sea
Star International
Restaurant
restaurant


Not
so private
famous
famous
International
chain
Unknown
private
Calithea

_
_
Working
Hours:
10 am 3 am
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
_
_
_
Union
Restaurant
French
restaurant

Unknown
private
_
Crillon
Restaurant
International
restaurant

Unknown
private
_
Versaile
International
restaurant
Egyptian
restaurant

Unknown
private
_

Famous
Local chain

Famous
Local chain

Unknown
private
Working
Hours:
24 H
Working
Hours:
24 H
_

Unknown
private
_

Not
to private
_
Gad
Restaurants
Foul
Egyptian
Mohamed
restaurant
Ahmed
El Fayrouz Egyptian
restaurant
Aamer
Egyptian
restaurant
El
Sayed Egyptian
38
Not
so private
famous
Not
so private
famous
famous
private
Darwish
Restaurant
Omar
El
Khayam
Restaurant
El
Sabaa
Restaurant
Abou Naser
Restaurant
Coffee
Roastery
Abou Rabie
restaurant
Egyptian
restaurant
Egyptian
restaurant
Egyptian
restaurant
Egyptian
restaurant
Egyptian
restaurant
El Waheed Egyptian
restaurant
Abu Akram Egyptian
BBQ
restaurant
Hospitals:
Hospital
Status
Name
Abou
Medical
Shousha
clinic
Specialized
Center For
Eyes
Alex. Poison Hospital
Center
Ibrahim
Medical
Abdel Salam center
Mokhles
Maternateih Hospital
El
Sahwi
Hospital
El
Salam Hospital
Specialized
Hospital
Kasr
El Hospital
Hekma
Hospital
Dar
El Medical
Khosoba
clinic
Currency exchange office:
Office
Status
Name
39
famous

Not
to private
famous
_

Unknown
private
_

Unknown
private
_

Not
to private
famous
Famous
Local chain
_
Not
to Local chain
famous
Not
to Local chain
famous
_
Knowledge
of it
organization
Level of
usability
Known
private
_
Known
private
_
Known
private
_

Known
private
_

Known
private
_
Known
private
_

Known
private
_
Accessibility
Knowledge
of it



Accessibility
Easy

_
_
Hard



Level of
usability
_
El Amira
_
Alexandria
Exchange
Co.
El Islameya _
Exchange
New Sphinx _
For
Exchange
_
Nile
Exchange
Co.
Transportation facilities:
company
Status
Name
Limousine
Alexandria
_
Easy


Hard
_
_
Known
Known
private
private
Known
private

Known
private
_

Known
private
_
Accessibility
Knowledge
of it

Easy

El Masry For _
Car Rent
_
Fast Tours
Level of
usability
Hard
Known
private

Known
private
Working
Hours:
10 am 10 pm
_

Known
private
_
7- Tourism demand and supply:
On the supply side, Al-Raml station has a lot of different types of attractions, which attract
great numbers of local visitors and a good number of international tourists. In spite of the
fact that Alexandria is a prime summer destination for domestic tourism and it is a unique
city by its culture and its nature, it has not been properly included on the map of
international tourism. The share of Alexandria is about 1.2% of the total of international
tourism in Egypt, and this province has not received its fair share from marketing efforts at
the local, regional, and international level (Hssan, 2011). So Alexandria tourism market
depends mainly on the national and international tourism campaign for Egypt as a whole.
And about Infrastructure in Al-Raml Station, it is below requested level when compared with
the tourism demand, especially, in the summer (peak season).
40
On the demand side, Al-Raml Station is considered as one of the primary centers for tourism
and entertainment in the city, so it attracts great numbers of local tourists esp. in summer,
and a good number of international tourists, especially, in winter. The number of tourists
visiting attractions in Al-raml station district has been recorded as follows:
Kom el
shokafa
Roman
theatre
Pompey's
pillar
Birds
House
Anfushi
Tombs
Elshatby
Tombs
Total
41
2009
159908
2010
117573
2011
40425
2012
43874
2013
24448
135256
111492
41261
40001
22240
142215
157446
42652
51191
31396
1777
3907
2410
3037
1453
1332
1293
614
823
720
519
411
424
572
444
441007
392122
127786
139498
80701
A synchronic study of the comparative analysis between historical centers and
the national data.
42
Gover.
Location
Cairo
Luxor
Aswan
Saint Catherine
Minia
Alexandria
- Political capital
of Arabic Republic
of Egypt.
Is located on the
East Bank of the
Nile River along
41.542 km and is
bordered to the
North and East,
Qaliubiya, South
and West, the
provinces of
Helwan, Giza,
from East Suez.
Area: 83 square
miles (214 square
km)
It is located 635 km
south of Cairo. It is
currently the smallest
governorate in Egypt,
spanning
approximately 5 km
from north to south,
and 1.5 km from east
to west, and lies in
Upper Egypt along the
Nile.
Aswan Governorate lies
in the south of Egypt, and
is bordered in the North
by Qena governorate, in
the East by the Red Sea
governorate, in the West
by the New Valley
governorate, and in the
South by Sudan.
It is located at the
outskirts of El-Tur
Mountains at an
elevation of 1,586 m
(5,203 ft), 120 km
away from Nuweiba,
at the foot of Mount
Sinai and the Saint
Catherine's
Monastery.
Minya is located
approximately 245 km
(152 mi) south of Cairo
on the western bank
of the Nile River,
which flows north
through the city
The city lies on the
Mediterranean Sea at the
western edge of the Nile
River delta, about 114
miles (183 km) northwest
of Cairo in Lower Egypt.
- Total area:
32,279 km²
The
region of Alexandria area
is 224,900 square km,
which represents 22.5 %
of Egypt’s area.
Area
43
- Total area is 2409.68 - Total area: 62726.00 Elevation of 1,586 m
km2,
representing Km2.
Coordinates: 28° 33'
0.24% of the country's
; 33° 56'
area.
- Percentage to total
area of Egypt: 3.2%.
Cairo
Luxor
Aswan
Saint Catherine
Cairo has a
population of 20
million, 787, 000
by 10.73 percent
of the population
of Egypt
In 2012 the population
was 1,064,000 people,
47.4% of them lived in
urban areas, while
52.6% lived in rural
areas. The annual
population growth
rate is 18.2 per
thousand.
Its population
accounts for about
275000. It has a large
population of Nubian
People, mostly
resettled from their
homeland in the area
flooded by Lake
Nasser.
The population of the city is
expected to increase from
4,603 to 17,378 in 2017.
- The traditional people of the
area are the Jebeliya Bedouin
- who have been living in the
region since the foundation of
St. Katherine's Monastery.
They are of Eastern European
origin
- Population:
around 4.2
million
- Cairo's climate is a
desert climate,
which remains
mostly dry and arid
year round. Cairo
weather in the
summertime (May
to August) sees
temperatures of 45
to 47 °C. Average
daily Cairo January
temperature: 9°C
Luxor is amongst the
cities in Egypt with the
hottest summer
days. Rainfall in Luxor is
rare. The summer (JuneAugust) has the daily
mean of 32°C and in
winter the daily mean is
15°C.
Aswan weather remains
hot and dry year round.
Summer is arguably the
most unbearable with
temperatures reaching
up to 51°C. Winter
provides mild relief
from the heat with
temperatures dropping
down to 35 to 39°C.
- Its climate is classified as hot
desert (BWh). It has the coldest
nights of any other city in Egypt.
- Refreshing cool summer nights
and excellent spring, while
winter days are pretty cold and
the nights could reach −14 °C
(7 °F).
- Continental
climate. chilly cold
winter weather,
and very hot but
nonhumid summers.
Temperatures in
summer could
reach 40 °C while
winter
temperatures drop
to below 0 °C
levels at night.
Demographic
Climate
44
Minia
Alexandria
- Alexandria has more
than 4 million (mostly
Egyptian) residents.
- Population
density: 115
people/km²
- During winter time the
weather is fairly warm
and sunny in Alexandria.
The average
temperature of daytime
fluctuates between 20°C
to 22°C, nighttime
temperature becomes
colder with 10°C.
- I n summer, the
average high frequently
climbs to mid-thirties
while the low stands
around 30°C.
Cairo
Cairo is Egypt`s
industrial and
services center.
Economy
45
Luxor
Aswan
The economy of Luxor,
like that of many other
Egyptian cities, is
heavily dependent
upon tourism. Large
numbers of people also
work in agriculture,
particularly sugarcane.
Agriculture is the main
activity in the
governorate, which is
famous for growing
sugar-cane, hibiscus,
wheat, dates and
henna. The
governorate
contributes as well to
industry, most
important industries
include: sugar,
chemicals fertilizers,
phosphate..etc
Saint Catherine
It relies on tourism
with some
agricultural
activities.
Minia
Minya Governorate is an
important agricultural and
industrial region.
The public sector
predominates in industry,
controlling most of the
production of capital and
intermediate goods. The
private sector is active in
manufacturing of consumer
goods, particularly in small
enterprises in and around
the city. Although rich in
history, tourism plays a
trivial role in the
economy of Minya due to
the violence that
dominated the area in the
1990s
Alexandria
- Alexandria is also its
principal seaport and a
major industrial centre.
- Manufacturing, finance,
and other services.
- Agriculture is an
important economic
activity in the hinterland,
Cairo
Education and
manpower
Types of
tourism
Luxor
- The state system is
divided into primary,
preparatory, and
secondary schools,
and advanced
education is
available in
university faculties
and technical
institutes.
- The state system is
divided into primary,
preparatory, and
secondary schools, and
advanced education is
available in university
faculties and technical
institutes.
- Cultural Tourism
- Religious Tourism
- Sports Tourism
- Recreational
Tourism
- Environmental
Tourism
- Safari Tourism
- Conferences
Tourism
- Therapeutic
Tourism
Mainly Cultural tourism
(pharaonic) with some
recreational and sports
Tourism.
46
Aswan
Saint Catherine
Minia
Alexandria
In 1999, South Valley
University was
inaugurated and it has
three branches;
Aswan, Qena and Hurg
hada. It was the first
university in
Upper.The university is
now considered as a
major institution of
higher education in
Upper Egypt.
Mainly cultural and
medical tourism.
(75.1%) of Saint
Catherine's population
is formed of Jebeliya
Bedouins, while the
rest are Egyptians,
Greeks, Russians and
western Europeans
- The state system is divided
into primary, preparatory,
and secondary schools, and
advanced education is
available in university
faculties and technical
institutes.
- The state system is
divided into primary,
preparatory, and
secondary schools, and
advanced education is
available in university
faculties and technical
institutes.
- Cultural tourism
- Religious Tourism
- Therapeutic tourism
- Eco-tourism
- Mainly Cultural tourism.
The city was the focus of
many Kingdoms from
pharaonic to modern history
for its fertile land and being
the center of trade.
- Cultural Tourism
- Religious Tourism
- Sports Tourism
- Leisure Tourism
- Environmental Tourism
- Shopping Tourism
- Conferences Tourism
- Therapeutic Tourism
Tourist
Activities
Cairo
Luxor
Aswan
Saint Catherine
Minia
Alexandria
A wide range of
tourist activities,
shopping malls,
fun parks, camel
riding in Sakkara,
sound and light by
the pyramids,
souvenir shopping
in Khan el Khalili
and night life.
- Pyramids and
Sakkara
- Al-Muizz Street
- Cetadel
- Khan El-Khalili
- Karnak Sound and Light
- Air Balloons
- Nile trip by Felucca sailing boat
- Safari
- Horse Carriage
- Camel riding
- Water sports
Events
In February each year a marathon
is held on the West Bank
Cemeteries, Memorials and
Tombs
- Valley of The Kings,Memorial
Temple of Hatshepsut, Medinat
Habu
- Karnak, Amun Temple Enclosure,
Tomps of the Nobles, Luxor
Temple, Valley of the Queens, The
Ramesseum, Deir Al-Medina
- Temple of Seti I
Museums & Galleries
- Luxor Museum
Landmarks and Monuments
- Colossi of Memnon
- Sound and Light
show
- Nile trip by Felucca
sailing boat.
- Horse Carriage
- Nice walks around
Bazaars with their
little shops.
- The region is a UNESCO
World Heritage Area
- Climbing Mousa
Mountain
- Safaris
- Eco-tourism activities.
- A range of cultural
monuments around the
city.
- A wide range of
tourism activities
focusing on recreational
tourism in the summer
with sun, sand and sea.
- Several cultural
monuments.
- Wadi
Allaqi national park
- Abu Simbel
- Aswan Dam
- Elephantine
Philae
There are over 200
religious places and other
important monasteries
and churches, ruins of
Byzantine monastic
settlements. Mountains
with spectacular views,
amazing rock formations
and landscape. Some
examples of tourist
attractions:
- The city is divided into
North city, City center
and Southern outskirts
with related historical
sites.
Some examples of
historical sites are:
- Amarna
- Tuna el Gebel
- Great Temple of the
Aten
- Workmen's Village,
Amarna
- Northern Palace
(Amarna)
- The library of
Alexandria
- Fort Qaitbey
- The Montazah
Gardens and Palaces
- The Catacombs (Kom
el Shqafa)
- Pompey's Pillar
- The Roman
Amphitheater
- Greco-Roman
Museum of Alexandria
- Al Mursi Abu Al Abbas
Mosque
Historical
places
47
- Chapel of St. Katherine
- Monastery of the Forty
Martyrs
- Palace of Abbas Hilmi I.
Pasha,
Infrastructure
Cairo
Luxor
Aswan
Saint Catherine
Minia
- Cairo has an
extensive road
network, rail
system, subway
system and
maritime services
with Cairo
international
airport.
- half of the
nation's hospital
beds and
universities
- several ferry services
- A bridge was opened in 1998,
allowing ready land access from
the east bank to the west bank.
- Tourists often rely on horse
carriages, called "calèches," for
transport or tours around the city.
- Taxis and local buses are also
available.
- Aswan is served by
the Aswan
International
Airport. Train and
bus service is also
available. Taxi and
rickshaw are used
for transport here.
- minibus station and bus
station
- Small international
airport, St. Catherine
International Airport, at
present only used by the
military.
- Rail, buses, mini-buses
and taxis.
48
- low quality medical services
- gas, electricity and pure water
services are available
Alexandria
Alexandria is accessible
by flight with El-Nozha
Airoport
near
the
- low quality medical center or with Borg Elservices
Arab Airoport (50 km
from Alexandria).
- gas, electricity and
pure water services are It's also accessible by
- low quality medical available
train with the Masr
- low quality medical services
station and the Sidi
services
Gaber station.
- gas, electricity and pure
private
Autobus
- gas, electricity and water services are
station
with
three
pure water services available
companies
are available
- Taxis and public buses
are also available.
- Alexandrians receive
medical services at a
number of private and
public
clinics
and
hospitals.
Tourism
Facilities
(Suprastructure)
Number of
tourists
(2013)
Cairo
Luxor
- A wide range of
hotels with different
categories,
restaurants, malls
and souvenir shops.
- A number of restaurants
and cafes serving different
cuisines, in addition to selfcatering restaurants.
- Numerous souvenirs and
arts & crafts shops.
- A wide range of hotels
with different categories.
1027600
2165570
49
Aswan
- A wide range of
hotels with different
categories,
restaurants and
souvenir shops.
648242
Saint Catherine
- a small number of
hotels.
170550(whole South
Sinai)
Minia
Alexandria
- a few number of low A wide range of
budget hotels
hotels with different
categories,
restaurants and
souvenir shops.
6456
300251
SWOT Analysis for the potentials of the Governorates as touristic destinations
Cairo
Weaknesses
- Air and water
pollution
- Traffic congestions.
Political instabilities.
- Lack of a clear
tourism strategy and
marketing activities.
50
Luxor
Aswan
Saint Catherine
Minia
Alexandria
- High temperatures the
year long
- More attention should
be given to services like
medical care.
- More preservation
should be devoted to
cultural heritage.
- Lack of cooperation
between local authorities.
- More attention should
be given to manpower
serving the tourism field.
- lack of social and
economic development
strategies for the
governorate
- Lack of high quality
services &
Infrastructure.
- More preservation
should be devoted to
cultural heritage.
- Lack of cooperation
between local
authorities.
- lack of attention to
economic and social
problems of the
population and
manpower serving the
tourism industry.
- lack of social and
economic
development
strategies for the
governorate
Lack of high quality
services &
Infrastructure
- Lack of cooperation
between local
authorities.
- lack of security
services in the
mountains
lack of attention to
economic and social
problems of the
population
- lack of educational
and training services to
qualify tourism
manpower.
- lack of social and
economic development
strategies for the
governorate
Lack of high quality
services &
Infrastructure
- Lack of cooperation
between local
authorities.
- Few international
cultural events
- weak promotional
activities.
- lack of qualified
tourism-related
manpower.
- lack of educational
and training services to
qualify tourism
manpower.
- lack of social and
economic
development
strategies for the
governorate
- Few international cultural
events
- Weak promoting &
marketing activities
- No clear tourism strategy
- Weak cooperation with
other tourist-attracting
governorates
- Lack of coordination
between the people / Local
Authorities / Tourism
groups / Tourism providers
- Lack of tourist information
points
- Random development on
the coastal zone to increase
economic capital
- Water pollution due to the
increased number of ships
-Lack of Basic services &
Infrastructure
Cairo
Strength
- a wide range of
tourist activities.
- a stable
infrastructure
- a wide range of
transportation
services.
- a wide range of
tourist services( e.g
accommodation)
- Availability of
manpower.
- a wide range of
cultural events.
- A high percentage of
tourist traffic
51
Luxor
- A wide range of
historical places
- a stable transportation
network
- well developed tourist
facilities
- beautiful scenery
-a variety of economic
activities
- A high percentage of
tourist traffic
Aswan
- A wide range of
historical places
- a stable
transportation
network
- well developed
tourist facilities
- beautiful scenery
-a variety of economic
activities
- A high percentage of
tourist traffic
Saint Catherine
- UNESCO World
Heritage Area.
- a wide range of
cultural and religious
attractions.
Minia
Alexandria
- A number of
historical places.
- a number of
economic activities
- A variety of commercial &
financial activities
- Alexandria Bibliotheca with 3
million visitors a year
- The city witnessed three
different religious communities
(Judaic, Christian, Muslim)
which richen
its culture and heritage
- A very old city with different
urban structures in different
eras.
- A wide range of tourist
facilities
- A wide range of tourist
activities
- a developed transportation
network
- its position at the
Mediterranean sea with
beautiful scenery and resorts.
- Availability of labor forces
Cairo
- competition from
neighboring
countries
Threats
- an urgent need for
supervision of
service quality
control.
Luxor
Aswan
- The economy of the
governorate is highly
sensitive to fluctuations
in tourist demand.
- Minor social and
economic
development of the
population.
- Minor social and
economic development
of the population.
- More preservation
should be devoted
to tourist
attractions.
- More preservation
should be devoted to
tourist attractions.
Saint Catherine
- security issues in
the mountains
- The economy of the
governorate is highly
sensitive to
fluctuations in tourist
demand.
- More preservation
should be devoted to
tourist attractions.
- Social and economic
problems of the
population
Minia
- competition from
neighboring
governorates
- lack of tourism
awareness
- Social and
economic
problems of the
population
Alexandria
- Degradation of the
natural environment
- Lack of institutional
framework for the control
of the land uses
- Change of the coastline
due to waves of erosion
and sedimentation
- Increased competition
between different tourist
destinations
- Tourism is a seasonal
activity
- Unstable political
situation in the region
52
Cairo
Opportunities
Luxor
- a rich historical
and cultural
heritage.
- New projects directed
to tourism facilities and
infrastructure.
- an opportunity
for international
collaboration in
archeological field
A controversial tourism
development plan aims
to transform Luxor into
a vast open-air
museum. The master
plan envisions new
roads, five-star hotels,
glitzy shops, and an
IMAX theatre. The main
attraction is an 11
million dollar project to
unearth and restore the
2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi)
long Avenue of
Sphinxes that once
linked Luxor and Karnak
temples.
- a stable basis of
academic
manpower
- local and private
sector investment
opportunities in
the tourism field.
53
Aswan
- The eye of the
world is directed
towards the
historical places of
the city.
Saint Catherine
- Opportunities for
eco-tourism activities
and volunteer
tourism.
- Opportunities for
- Many opportunities tourism projects to
for economic and
develop
social development
infrastructure and
of – More attention
services.
should be given to
heritage
preservation.
- Opportunities for
new tourism types
creation.
Minia
- Undiscovered
tourism
potentials.
- Opportunities
for new types of
tourism.
Alexandria
- Revitalization of the city
center,
- Expansion of the port
- Underwater museum of
archeological discoveries
- promoting an
archaeological excavation
campaign
- improving infrastructure
- New tourist facilities
projects.
- possibilities to highlight
new tourism types like
volunteer and dark tourism
- Increasing awareness about
environment preservation
Analysis of cultural attractions and risk factors
List of all resources which have some connection with tourism:
Resource: Pompey's pillar
Name (if relevant) :
Type :
Code 01
Pompey's pillar
Memorial Column and Temble ( Sanctuary )
Location :
Pompay's Pillar st. , Karmouz area
Administrative district :
West destrict
Geographical coordination :
31.105698
29.534723 E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource)
Karmouz area is considered the oldest part of the city . It was built on the ruins of an ancient
Egyptian village called " Rhakotis ". It cotains many archeological sites and monuments , that
date back to roman era .
Related resources
1. Serapeum temble ( Sanctuary)
2. Catacombs of Kom Al Shoquafa
distance 0 (km) Public transport
distance 300 (m)
yes
Public transport
yes
Description of the resource (*)
Its name is misleading. This single column standing on a rocky hilltop in the middle of
Alexandria has nothing to do with the Roman Consul and General Gaius Pompey who was
Julius Caesar’s rival in a civil war and was murdered by a Ptolemaic pharaoh in 48 BC when he
fled to Alexandria. This legend was started by Crusaders, who thought the 100-foot (30
meter) red Aswan granite pillar marked his burial site. The pillar is the triumphal monument
erected around 300 AD for the Roman Emperor Diocletian, but the true significance of this
archeological site is what stood here before the pillar. It is the site of the Serapeum,
Alexandria’s acropolis. In the first centuries AD, Christianity was introduced to Egypt and
Alexandria developed into its stronghold. Gradually, Christianity became the dominant
religion in Egypt, relegating adherents to the ancient traditions and pagan gods an irrelevant
minority that became increasingly unpopular.The Serapeum, dedicated to Alexandria’s patron
god, Serapis, was a symbol of this ancient tradition, which conflicted with the increasingly
popular ideas of Christianity. In 391 AD, patriarch Theophilus, leader of the Church of
Alexandria, led a Christian mob to destroy the Serapeum and other symbols of paganism in
the city. Some accounts even blame this mob for the destruction of the Great Library of
Alexandria, although this is disputed. Today the only single column marks the site of what
was once a huge and elaborate temple, which was constructed of marble and decorated with
precious metals on the interior. Some of the tunnels around the complex remained and are
open for tourists to explore and some of the artifacts from the temple
54
have been recovered. A life-size black basalt bull from the temple and a
golden plaque marking the foundation of the Serapis are on display in the
Greco-Roman Museum.
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International(X)
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource
Year
Tourists/Day trippers
Egyptians
Forigners
2009
12 414
129 801
2010
13 948
143 498
2011
6 559
36 093
2012
11 257
35 935
2013
8 475
22 821
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) not available
2009 _____ (n. Arrivals) % foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full(X)
Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
After the great restoration project that was implemented there in (2006-2009) , the place
now is amazing . It is an impressive open museum . Every thing on the site is opened to
tourists. The place is well organized, clean, facilitated, signs are available among many other
advantages.
State of preservation
Excellent
Good(X)
Fair
Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
A great restoration project was implemented there in (2006-2009) by the Supereme Council
of Antiquities . It is now an impressive open museum and one of the finest archeological
examples of the Greco-Roman period in Egypt's history . But since the revolution in 2011 ,
there has not been any structural maintenance due to the lack of budget .
55
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
1. guides
2. Gifts shop
3. Toilets
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures (No)
audiovisuals (No)
Managing authority:
websites (No)
Supreme Council of antiquities - The Egyptian monuments' Sector .
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
annual
Opening times: 9 am : 5 pm
Usability:
admission fee
2 L.E for Egyptians
30 L.E for Forigners
1 L.E for Egy.Students
15 L.E for Fori.Students
Managing authority :
Institution
Supreme Council of antiquities - The Egyptian monuments' Sector .
Contact person Madleen Abdel Malek
Office (location) Inside the archealogical site
Tel. (No)
56
Fax (No)
Website and Email (No)
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
1. The last structural restoration was in 2006 , and ended in 2009 .
2. In this restoration , they renewed and restored all unites and archetectural elements.
3. they also developed the area as a tourist destination through creating new walking trails
for tourists around the whole site and adding new facilities like toilets , gift shop , and some
offices for employees who run the site .
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
There were no functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
There were no other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
Periodical structural restoration and regular maintenance to preserve the good state of the
place.
Environmental
sustainability
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Slums
Unfortunatly , Karmouz area is
one of the main slums in
Alexandria , that affects the
touristic image around
Pompay's Pillar archealogical
site as a tourist destination.
Economic situation esp.
After both recent
revolutions ,
Medium
Increasing rates of
population growth.
Economic
sustainability
General decrease in
the level of services
in the whole area
around the
archealogical site
Garbage everywhere
Lack of coordination
between the concerned
authorities
Medium
Social
sustainability
Street vendors
It's one of Egypt's bad
phenomenons that has
emerged after the revolution
The absence of
governmental and political
instability
Medium
57
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social sustainability
3
3
3
3
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
58
Resource: Roman Theather
Code 02
Name (if relevant) : the Roman theater
Type : cultural attraction
Location : Alexandria
Administrative district Kom Ad Dakah Gharb- Qesm Al Attarin
Geographical coordination
Downtown ( Wust al-Balad )
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) : no
other resources at the same area
Related resources
2. The . Greek Roman Museum
distance 700 (m.)
Public transport Y (Y/N)
3. Alexandria Opera house
distance 1.9 (km)
Public transport Y (Y/N)
Description of the resource (*)
Over 30 years of excavation have uncovered many Roman remains including this wellpreserved theatre with galleries, sections of mosaic-flooring and marble seats for up to 800
spectators. In Ptolemaic times, this area was the Park of Pan and a pleasure garden. The
theater at one point may have been roofed over to serve as an Odeon for musical
performances. Inscriptions suggest that it was sometimes also used for wrestling contests.
The theatre stood with thirteen semi-circular tiers of white marble that was imported from
Europe. Its columns are of green marble imported from Asia Minor, and red granite imported
from Aswan. The wings on both sides of the stage are decorated with geometric mosaic
paving. The dusty walls of the trenches, from digging in the northeast side of the Odeon, are
layered with extraordinary amounts of potsherds. Going down out of the place, one can see
the substantial arches and walls in stone, the brick of the Roman baths, and the remains of
Roman houses.
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
59
National
“x” International
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource
2009 (133830 tourists – 12200 Egyptians , 121630 foreigners ) 90.8 %
international
2010 (106114 tourists – 17266 Egyptians , 88848 foreigners ) 83.7 % international
2011 (38369 tourists – 11616 Egyptians , 26753 foreigners ) 69.7 % international
2012 (40743 tourists – 18778 Egyptians , 21965 foreigners ) 54% international
2013 (22241 tourists – 11073 Egyptians , 11168 foreigners ) 50 % international
% International Tourists :: (79 % ) (the percentage of international tourists all last 5 years )
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) (Not Available)
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full“X” Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
The place is full used
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
“x”
Fair
Poor (put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
1. gift shop
Availability/accessibility of information materials : some tourist books
Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites__
Managing authority:
60
ministry of monuments
Usability - 2
Opening periods:daily for events , daily except (Friday – Saturday ) for
employees
Opening times: 9:00 AM till 5:00 PM
Usability:
admission fee ___ (price 5,00 E.P for foriegners , 2,00 for Egyptians )
Managing authority
Institution
Contact person
Office (location)
Tel.
Fax _______________ Website and email__________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
1. general maintenance
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
- no interventions of functional requalification implemented in the last 5 years
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
- no interventions
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. electronic gate for security and regular mantainance for monuments
61
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Environmental
sustainability
Lack of the regular
mantainance of the
theater
Lack of Funding
resources to fund th
maintenance
Economic situation medium
Esp. After the two
revolution
Economic sustainability
Low budget of
No financial recourses to
marketing campaign fit the organization of
marketing compaign to
market the theater and
raise knowledge
Social sustainability
Low awareness of
the importance of
visiting monuments
and theater
This is because
limited budget and
no ideas to market
the theater in an
organized way
Low awareness of the
This is because of
importance of visiting
the cultural and
monuments and theater education status in
Egypt
Level*
medium
medium
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social sustainability
3
3
3
3
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
62
Resource: Qaitbay Citadel
Name (if relevant) :
Type :
Code 03
Qaitbay Citadel or Citadel of Kaitbay
Historical citadel
Location :
Qaitbay St. - El Anfoushy
Administrative district :
Al Gomrok district (customs district)
Geographical coordination :
31.2130 N
29.8852 E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource)
Qaitbay is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria . This area attracts both local and
international tourists to visit the citadel mainly and other historical and cultural places that
are near this area.
Related resources
1.
Qaitbay Maritime museum
distance 0 (km)
Public transport
yes
2.
Water biology Exhibition
distance 100 (m)
Public transport
yes
3.
El Anfoushy cemetery
distance 1 (km)
Public transport
yes
Description of the resource (*)
The Citadel is situated at the entrance of the eastern harbor on the eastern point of the
Pharos Island. It was erected on the exact site of the famous Lighthouse of Alexandria. About
1480 A.D, the Mameluke Sultan Al Ashraf Qaitbay fortified the place as part of his coastal
defensive edifices against the Turks, who were threatening Egypt at that time. He built the
castle and placed a Mosque inside it. The Citadel continued to function during most of the
Mameluke period, the Ottoman period and the Modern period, but after the British
bombardment of the city of Alexandria in 1883, it was kept out of the spotlight. It became
neglected until the twentieth century when it was restored several times by the Egyptian
Supreme Council of Antiquities. The founder of the Citadel of Qaitbay is Sultan Al Ashraf Abou
Anasr Saif El Din Qaitbay El Jerkasy Al Zahiry (1468-1496 A.D) who was born about 1423 A.D
(826 hijri). He was a Mamluke who had come to Egypt as a young man, less than 20 years old.
Bought by Al Ashraf Bersbay, he remained among his attendants until Al Ashraf Bersbay died.
Then the Sultan Djaqmaq bought Qaitbay, and later gave him his freedom.
Qaitbay then went on to occupy various posts. He became the Chief of the Army (Atabec AlAskar) during the rule of the Sultan Tamar. When the Sultan was dethroned, Qaitbay was
appointed as a Sultan who was titled Al Malek Al Ashraf on Monday 26th Ragab, 872 hijri
(1468 A.D). He was one of the most important and prominent Mameluke Sultans, ruling for
about 29 years. In 882 hijri (1477 A.D), Sultan Qaitbay visited the site of the old lighthouse in
Alexandria and ordered a fortress to be built on its foundations. The construction lasted
about 2 years, and it is said that Qaitbay spent more than a hundred thousand Dinars for the
63
work on the Citadel. The Qaitbay Citadel in Alexandria is considered as one
of the most important defensive strongholds, not only in Egypt, but also
along the Mediterranean Sea coast. Throughout the Mameluke period, and
due to its strategic location, the Citadel was well maintained by all the rulers who came after
Qaitbay; Sultan Qansoh El Ghoury gave the Citadel special attention. He visited it several
times and increased the strength of the garrison, providing it with various weapons and
equipment. It included a large prison made for the princes and the state-men whom the
Sultan kept away from his favour for some reason. In the episodes of the year 920 hijri, Sultan
El Ghoury travelled to Alexandria with other princes. They went to the Citadel of Qaitbay
where he watched some maneuvers and military training on the defensive weapons of the
Citadel of that era. When he felt the approach of the Ottoman threat, he issued a military
decree to forbid weapons to be taken out of the Citadel, he even announced that the death
penalty would be the punishment to those who try to steal anything from the Citadel, and he
ordered the inscription of this decree on a marble slate fixed to the door leading the court.
After the Ottoman Turks had conquered Egypt, they also cared for this unique Citadel. They
used it for shelter, as they had done with the Citadel of Saladin in Cairo and the Citadels of
Damietta, Rosetta, Al Borollos and El Arish. They kept it in good condition and stationed it
with infantry, artillery, a company of drummers and trumpeters, masons and carpenters.
When Mohammed Ali became the ruler of Egypt in 1805, he renovated the old Citadel,
restored and repaired its outer ramparts, and he provided the stronghold with the most
modern weapons of the period, particularly the littoral cannons. We can consider the reign of
Mohamed Ali as being another golden era for the Citadel. The Citadel retained the interest of
Mohammed Ali's successors until the year 1882 when the Orabi revolution took place The
British fleet bombarded Alexandria violently on 11 July 1882 and damaged a large part of the
city, especially in the area of the Citadel. This attack cracked the fortress, causing great
damage. The north and western facades were severely damaged as a result of cannon
explosions, aimed directly at the structure. The western facade was completely destroyed,
leaving large gaps in it.
The Architecture of the Citadel
The fortress consists of three main parts, the huge walls that surround the entire complex,
an inner wall and the main tower which was built actually on the site of the Pharos
Lighthouse.The main tower itself was built between the years 1477 and 1480, at a cost of
100,000 Dinars, on an old island called Pharos, so named because this was the location of the
famous Pharos lighthouse. The outer walls were built by Sultan el Ghouri sometime after he
took office as Sultan. It is believed that at least some of the material for the fortress came
from that ruined structure, particularly some huge red-granite pillars in the northwest
section. At the time, it was built as a defense against the Ottoman Empire, with whom the
Mamluks had a shaky relationship at the time.
This entrance to the fort, along with the outer walls, was actually built during the reign of
Sultan al Ghoury (1501-1516). Above the entrance hall there is a sign from that same reign,
giving his full name as King Al Ashraf Abu Al Naser Qonsowa El Ghoury, and states that
anyone who takes any weapons, equipment or soldiers as slaves from the main tower of the
fort will be hanged on the entrance and be damned by God forever. The actual door of the
fort was built during the English occupation of Egypt and is made of wood. The archway
surrounding it is of granite, as are some other elements within the structure. However, the
64
main building material of the walls is limestone. Above the doorway there
is a spillway for hot oil to be poured down upon would be attackers. The
huge walls of the fortress enclose about two acres of land, surrounding the
tower on all four sides. The eastern side of the wall has no protective towers or balcony. The
western wing of the wall has three guard towers for archers, as does the southern side. On
the southern wall in the middle is a section where a door leads to the main entrance. The
north side of the wall is the one facing the sea, and it has square shaped windows that held
canons and catapults. Along the top was a balcony for archers.
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International(X)
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource
Tourists/Day trippers
Year
Egyptians
Forigners
2009
--2010
487563
90888
2011
375102
68452
2012
650615
30024
2013
356904
19062
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) not available
2009 _____ (n. Arrivals) % foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
_____
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
_____
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
_____
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
_____
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
Tourist usability - 1
% foreign tourists
% foreign tourists
% foreign tourists
% foreign tourists
% foreign tourists
Level of usability
Full
Partial(X)
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
This big citadel is consisted of many small areas , not all of them are opened to visitors
because these areas are belonged to military forces .
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
Fair(X)
Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
Last structural maintenance was long time ago , so the place needs restoration.
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
1. Qaitbey Maritime Museum
65
2. Gifts shop
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures (No)
audiovisuals (No)
Managing authority:
sector
websites (No)
Ministry of state for antiquities - Coptic and Islamic monuments'
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
annual
Opening times: 9 am : 5 pm
Usability:
admission fee
2 L.E for Egyptians
10 L.E for Forigners
Managing authority :
Institution Ministry of state for antiquities - Coptic and Islamic monuments' sector
Contact person Kareem Uoda
Office (location) Inside the citadel
Tel. 03/4809144 Or 012-233-77-148
Fax (No)
Website and Email (No)
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
1. There was no structural restoration in the last 5 years .
2. The last structural restoration was in 2003 , and lasted for 2 years .
3. In this restoration , they renewed and restored all units and archtectural elements , like :
balconies , basements , the mosque , doors and fences .
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
There was no functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
The responsible authorityis not aware of the importance of organizing promotion events for
every tourist site , but recently the governorate held a kind of small local event in Qaitbay
area to promote domestic tourism and encourage residents to visit Alexandria's tourist
destinations .
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. Periodical structural restoration and regular maintenance.
2. Increasing the number of services for residents and tourists , and enhancing the quality of
each service .
3. The government should declare Qaitbay area one of the historical destinations in order to
protect the area from the consequences of over capacity.
66
Environmental
sustainability
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Slums
Qaitbay area is near by many
slums , and that affects the
touristic image around
Qaitbay citadel as a tourist
destination.
Egypt's poor economic
situation esp. After our
revolution , and that
reflected on every
family in Egypt.
Medium
The lack of
restoration and
maintenance on a
regular basis .
The authorities undertake
The lack of financial
restoration processes on long resources.
term periods of time and that
affects the structural
condition of the building.
Medium
Economic
sustainability
General decrease in Garbage everywhere.
the level of services
in the whole area
of Qaitbay.
Lack of coordination
Medium
between the concerned
authorities
Social
sustainability
Street vendors
The absence of
governmental and
political instability
It's one of Egypt's bad
phenomenons that has
emerged after the revolution
Medium
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social sustainability
3
3
3
3
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
67
Resource: Bibliotheca Alexandrina.
Code: 04
Name :Bibliotheca Alexandrina.
Type: Library.
Location : El Shatby
Administrative district: Central district (Wasat)
Geographical coordination: Latitude: 31.209498 N
Longitude: 29.909334 E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource):
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. The library
is located in front of Alexandria University. It attracts both local and international tourists as
well as students to visit and explore its differant sections.The Library of Alexandria aims to be
a center of excellence in the production and dissemination of knowledge .The Bibliotheca
Alexandrina includes all the facilities needed for tourists and visitors. Also it is surrounded by
a number of cultural and historical places as well as returants, caffees and shops.
Related resources:
1. Alexandria University distance: across the street
2. El Shatby cemetry
distance ( 200m)
Public transport (no need)
Public transport (Y)(+by walk)
Description of the resource (*)
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is considered as a landmark building standing in the city’s historic
eastern harbor. This was probably the location of the ancient library. It opened in 2002 in an
attempt to revive and recapture the spirit of the ancient Alexandria library. Its main mission
was to be an essential center in the production and dissemination of knowledge, besides
being a place of dialogue, learning and understanding between cultures and people. Being a
great Egyptian library with international dimensions, it has actually shelf space for more than
eight million books and a huge reading room occupying place on eleven levels. It also includes
a conference center, libraries for children and for the blind, four art galleries, and a
planetarium, a museum of sciences, an exhibition of manuscripts, an exhibition of illustration
and historical maps, and the antiquities museum. Accordingly, the new library is considered a
source of specialized knowledge that emphasizes the social sciences, arts, and humanities. It
aspires to be: The world’s window on Egypt. Egypt’s window on the world. A leading
institution of the digital age. A center for learning, tolerance, dialogue and understanding.
The New Library of Alexandria, the New Bibliotheca Alexandrina is dedicated to recapture the
spirit of openness and scholarship of the original Bibliotheca Alexandrina. It is much more
than a library. It contains: A Library that can hold millions of books. An Internet Archive,
Several specialized libraries: Arts and Multimedia, the visually impaired, Children, Young
people, Microforms, Rare books and special collections, Map, Francophone, Theses and
Dissertations
Four Museums for Antiquities, Manuscripts, Sadat and the History of Science
A Planetarium
An Exploratorium for children’s exposure to science (ALEX ploratorium)
68
Culturama: a cultural panorama over nine screens, the first ever patented
9-projector interactive system. Winner of many awards, the Culturama,
developed by CULTNAT, allows the presentation of a wealth of data layers, where the
presenter can click on an item and go to a new level of detail. It is a remarkably informative
and attractive multi-media presentation of Egypt’s heritage across 5000 years of history to
these modern times, with highlights and examples of Ancient Egyptian and Coptic/Muslim
heritage.
VISTA (The Virtual Immersive Science and Technology Applications system) is an interactive
Virtual Reality environment, allowing researchers to transform two-dimensional data sets
into 3-D simulations, and to step inside them. A practical tool of visualization during research,
VISTA helps researchers to simulate the behavior of natural or human-engineered systems,
instead of merely observing a system or building a physical model.
Several academic research centers: Alexandria and Mediterranean Research Center (AlexMed), Arts Center, Calligraphy Center, Center for Special Studies and Programs (CSSP),
International School of Information Studies (ISIS), Manuscript Center, Center for the
Documentation of Cultural and Natural Heritage (CultNat, located in Cairo), Alexandria Center
for Hellenistic Studies, Center for Democracy and Social Peace Studies (CDSPS), and Center
for Development Studies.
Fifteen permanent exhibitions covering Impressions of Alexandria: The Awad Collection,
the World of Shadi Abdel Salam, Arabic Calligraphy, the History of Printing, Arab-Muslim
Medieval Instruments of Astronomy and Science (Star Riders), and the Permanent Exhibitions
of Selections of Contemporary Egyptian Art: The Artist’s Book, Mohie El Din Hussein: A
Creative Journey, The Raaya El-Nimr and Abdel-Ghani Abou El-Enein Collection Arab Folk Art,
Seif and Adham Wanly: Motion and Art,Selected Artworks of Adam Henin, Selected Artworks
of Ahmed Abdel-Wahab, Selected Artworks of Hamed Saeed, Selected Artworks of Hassan
Soliman, and Sculpture.
Our Digital World: Four art galleries for temporary exhibitions.
A Conference Center for thousands of persons. The New Library of Alexandria also hosts a
number of institutions: The number is growing and the Library of Alexandria is becoming the
nerve center of many international and regional networks.
The Academia Bibliotheca Alexandrina (ABA)
Arabic Society for Ethics in Science & Technology (ASEST)
The Anna Lindh Foundation for Dialogue between Cultures, the first Euro–Med foundation
based outside Europe
The HCM Medical Research project (located in Shallalat premises)
The Arab Regional Office of the Academy of Science for the Developing World (ARO-TWAS)
The International Federation for Library Associations (IFLA) Regional Office
The Secretariat of the Arab National Commissions of UNESCO
The Middle Eastern and North African Network for Environmental Economics (MENANEE)
The Arab Network for Women in Science and Technology (ANWST)
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International (X) (put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
Not Available
69
Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full (X) Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is not just a library, it's a complex of three main buildings: main
libray building including more than 3 specialized libraries, the Conference Center and the
Planetarium. The 3 buildings are available for the usage
of public and foreign visitors, guests and students all along the year. The officiial holiday is on
Friday and Saturday.
State of preservation
Excellent (X)
Good
Fair
Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation:
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is a new moderrn building. It is very well preserved because it's
only 11 yeas old.
Related facilities:
1. Museums
2. Several specialized libraries
3. Guides
4. Three Bookshops
5. Conference center
6. Pemanent Exhibition
7. Four Art Galleries
8. Planitarium show
9. Culturama Show
10. Seminars
11. Book discussion
12. Workshop for children and adolescent creativity exhibition- cinema..........etc.
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures (YES) audiovisuals (YES) websites (YES)
Managing authority:
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is managed through Board of Trustees
(B.o.T) system headed by the President of the Republic, underneath a board of managers
headed by the Director of the library.
70
Usability - 2
Opening periods: Annual
Opening times: Sunday to Thursday, from 10 am to 4 pm
Usability: admission fees
Individuals
Students and Retiress
School Pupils
Egyptians
EGP 5
EGP 2
EGP 1
Non-Egyptians
EGP 70
EGP 5
EGP 5
Managing authority
Institution: Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Contact person
Dr. Ismail Serageldin, Director of the Library
Office (location) _____________________________________________________________
Tel. (+203) 4839999 Fax (+203) 4820449 Website and email: www.bibalex.org
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
1. Sadat Museum
2. Our Digital World: Exhibition of BA varoius digital projects and intiatives of documentation
of history
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
1. New visiting route for the exhibitions and museums away from the reading area
2. New permenant exhibitions scattered inside the BA
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.): The Public Relations and International Communiications department in the
BA is in charrge of the promotion and marketing of BA varius
eventts and actives throug different channels:e-newsletter, announcements oon the official
website of the BA and via Facebook, Twitter and Youtube.
On monthly basis a program is announced including:
1. Conference, Lectures, Workshops and Sessios
2. Music Concerts
3.Activities for children and youth
4. Training Courses and diplomas: Hellenistic Diploma. Hellenistic Masters
4. Strategies of internet search 5. The BA Iternational Biennale for the Artist Book
6. World Heritage of Iraq ( a display of 45 panels describing the panels)
7.Cinema Lesson
8. Conference for Women Issues......................etc.
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
More collabration and cooperation between the library and the Alexandria University and
Internatiional Universaties and Insitutions
71
Resource: Alexandria Opera House
Code 05
Name (if relevant) : Alexandria Opera House “Sayed Darwish Theatre”
Type : cultural artistic attraction
Location : Alexandria
Administrative district 22 El Horreya Rd. - RAML STATION
Geographical coordination
Downtown ( Wust al-Balad )
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) : no other
resources at the same area
Related resources
1. Greek Roman Theater
distance 1.9 (km)
Public transport Y (Y/N)
Description of the resource (*)
The Alexandria Opera House was constructed in 1918 during the reign of Sultan Fuad I and
named “Mohamed Ali Theatre”. The original owner was Badr El Din Kerdany who had
appointed French architect Georges Baroque to do the design.
Following its inauguration in 1921, the theatre was host to celebrated Arab and foreign
singers. In 1962 the theatre was renamed “Sayed Darwish Theatre” in honour of this pioneer
of Arab music. Unfortunately, the ravages of time destroyed the exquisite beauty of the
building and earlier attempts at restoration did in fact more harm than good.
In 2000, the badly neglected building was put on Egypt’s Heritage List and extensive
renovation work began. After several years of skilful work on the structure of the building and
the highly fragile decorative elements the theatre was restored to its former splendour. In
2004, the last President and Mrs Hosni Mubarak attended the reopening of the Sayed
Darwish Theatre. Today, it accommodates artistic performances by the Cairo Opera House
companies such as the opera and ballet companies, the symphony or opera orchestras, the
different Arab music ensembles, and the modern dance theatre. There are visiting
companies, local and foreign recitals, Cultural Weeks, and Arab and international festivals.
In order to promote ballet, classical and Arab music talents, the Alexandria Opera Company
for Arab Music and Singing was established as well as the Talents Development Centre.
There, the most prominent educators and academic professors are teaching and setting up
performances with young Egyptian talents.
72
Attractive Value
Local Regional
National
“x” International
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
Not Available
Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013 ________
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full “X” Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
The place is full used
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
“x”
Fair
Poor
(put an “x”)
it needs to be more tidy as an opera house
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
1. Alexandria National Museum
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites_available link from Cairo Opera House
Managing authority:
73
ministry of culture
Usability - 2
Opening periods:daily for events , daily except (Friday – Saturday ) for
employees
Opening times: 9 AM till 12 AM
Usability:
admission fee for the visit (price 5.00 EGP for foriegners , 2.00 EGP for Egyptians ) , not for
the events it depend on the type of event
Managing authority
Institution opera house
Contact person Eng. Nayera weiba
Office (location) opera house
Tel. +20 3 4865106
Fax _______________ Website and email___________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
1. general maintenance
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
- there is no interventions of functional requalification implemented in the last 5 years,
because as mentioned the re-opened was at 2004 ,so it is modern and new building
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
- weekly events and concerts of Orchestra , arabic singers , Ballets
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. electronic gate for more security
74
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
No risks
-
-
-
Economic sustainability
High cost of some
concerts tickets
attracts specific
categories of visitors
The high cost of concerts
tickets may affect the
sustainable exist
economically , tickets
could be 50 or 100
egyptian pounds
The high cost may medium
affect numbers of
visitors to concerts
and events because
of economic and
cultural status of
residents in general
Social sustainability
Low awareness of
culture and artistic
events in opera
low awareness due to
bad status of education
and ignorance of the
artistic events
importance
low awareness of
culture due to the
bad status of
education and
ignorance of the
artistic events
importance
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
0
0
0
0
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social sustainability
1
1
1
1
low
Key risk factors for sustainability:
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
75
Resource: Alexandria National Museum Code 06
Name (if relevant) : Alexandria National Museum
Type : Museum
Location : Alexandria
Administrative district 110 El Horreya Rd. - RAML STATION
Geographical coordination
Downtown ( Wust al-Balad )
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) : no other
resources at the same area
Related resources
1. . The . Greek Roman Theater distance 900 (m)
Public transport Y (Y/N)
2. The . Greek Roman Museum
distance 1 (km.)
Public transport Y (Y/N)
3. Alexandria Opera house
distance 800 (m.)
Public transport Y (Y/N)
Description of the resource (*)
The Alexandria National Museum (ANM) in Egypt was inaugurated the 31 December 2003
by Hosni Mubarak and it's located in a restored Italian style palace in Tariq Al-Horreya Street
(former Rue Fouad) . The museum is located in a former Italianate mansion. It's the former
home of a wood sales person. It used to house the United States consulate.
It contains about 1,800 artifacts that narrate the story of Alexandria and Egypt. Most of these
pieces came from other Egyptian museums. The museum mainly focuses on three collections:
Ancient Egyptian, Coptic, and the Muslim world. The museum also includes works from the
Hellenistic period, including pieces from Heraklion and Canopus. Objects include canopic jars,
Mashrabiya, and pieces from the rule of Nectanebo II. The city of Alexandria is also included
in the collection, including objects from the 20th century. Objects include pieces from
Caracalla's rule, figures of Medusa, Islamic clothing, a bust of Briniky, and pieces of ancient
ruins. The museum recently exhibited a sculpture which is believed to be of Alexander the
Great. The museum also has a collection of jewelry, weapons, statuary, coins, and glassware
76
Attractive Value
Local Regional
“x” National
International
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
________________
Tourists
2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012: 2350
2013
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) Not Available
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists
_____
2012 (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists _____
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists _
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full”X” Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
this Museum is fully used and it is open the whole year for the tourist
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
“x”
Fair
Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
As Mentioned this museum is established recently in 2003 , so it is preserved well
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
1. _bookshop_ 2-giftshop
Availability/accessibility of information materials : books
Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites__
Managing authority:
77
ministry of culture
Usability - 2
Opening periods:daily for events , daily except (Friday – Saturday ) for
employees
Opening times: 9 AM till 4:30 PM
Usability:
admission fee ___ (price 30,00 E.P for foriegners , 2,00 for Egyptians )
Managing authority
Institution
Contact person
Office (location)
Tel. +20 3 4835519
Fax _______________ Website and email___________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
1. general maintenance
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
- no interventions of functional requalification implemented in the last 5 years, because it is
new and modern
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. electronic gate for more secure and regular mantainance for monuments
78
Risk factor
Description
Environmental
sustainability
Lack of the regular
mantainance of
monuments in
museum
Action plan for the
Lack of funding
maintenance of the
resources
monuments and
requalification of the
museum , The
authorities undertake
restoration processes on
long term periods of
time and that badly
affects the structural
condition
Economic sustainability
Low budget of
No financial recourses to
marketing campaign fit organized marketing
compaign to market the
museum and raise
knowledge
This is because
limited budget and
no ideas to market
the museum in an
organized way
low
Social sustainability
Lack of the
awareness of local
community
importance of
visiting monuments
and museums
This is because of
the cultural and
education status in
Egypt
low
Less number of visitor of
the local community ,
some of the residence
haven’t the habit of
visiting the historical
places
Main causes
Level*
medium
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Economic
sustainability
1
1
1
1
Social sustainability
1
1
1
1
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
79
Resource
Al Montazah Palace
Code 07
Name : Al Montazah Palace
Type : king Palace, cultural and re-creational tourism (Sun, Sand, Sea)
Location : Malak Hefny st.- Al Montazah
Administrative district : Al Montazah district
Geographical coordination:
31.2884950N 30.0159690E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource):
Al Montazah Palace is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. It attracts both local
and international tourists and common people. Al Montazah Palace includes all the facilities
needed for tourists and visitors. Also it is surrounded by a number of hotels as well as
retaurants, caffees , shops and mall.
Related resources
1. Shooting Club
distance 3_ (km)
2. Mamoura Beach Resort
Public transport ___ (Y)
distance 0 (km) located exactly beside Montaza Park
Description of the resource (*)
The Montaza Complex is located at the Eastern edge of the city of Alexandria. The complex
contains five beaches for swimming: Aida, Cleopatra, Vanessa, Semiramis and the private
beach of Helnan Palestine Hotel. The garden of Al Montazah which is 3000 meters wide
contains a huge selection of trees and plants (some of them are rare). Some have been
planted 75 years ago. Al Montaza Palace is a palace and extensive gardens in the Montaza
district of Alexandria. It was built on a low plateau east of central Alexandria overlooking a
beach on the Mediterranean Sea. The extensive Montaza Palace grounds first had the
Salamlek Palace, built in 1892 by Khedive Abbas II, the last Muhammad Ali Dynasty ruler to
hold the Khedive title over the Khedivate of Egypt and Sudan. It was used as a hunting lodge
and residence for his companion. The larger Al-Haramlik Palace and royal gardens were
added to the Montaza Palace grounds, being built by King Fouad I in 1932, as a summer
palace. It is in a mixture of Turkish and Florentine styles, with has two towers, one rising
distinctively high above with elaborated Italian Renaissance design details. The palace has
long open arcades facing the sea along each floor. After the death of Abbas Helmy II, the
royal family continued taking care of the Montazah complex until the reign of the last king of
Egypt, Farouk I. Then, the Egyptian revolution of 1952 took place and the Palace was owned
by the government which opened the gardens for public and the Salamlek Palace was
transformed into a museum until it was added to the presidential palaces which serve as a
hosting place for the president's visitors
80
President Anwar El-Sadat renovated the original Salamlek Palace as an official presidential
residence. Then it was recently used by the president Hosni Mubarak.
The Al-Montaza Park, the former expansive royal gardens of 150 acres (61 ha), are open as a
public landscape park and forest reserve.
The garden of Al Montazah which is 3000 meters wide contains a huge selection of trees and
plants and some of them are quite rare. Some of the tropical plants are still in good shape
although they have been planted more than 75 years ago. The plant collection in Montazah
includes: Catania, huge boots, Zamia, Carlota, and special types of palms. This is besides the
big size plants like Anthurium, Hokiry, Araliaceae, Victoria, and Ropilia.
The Helnan Palestine Hotel:
It is the only hotel which was built inside one of the royal palaces that its ownership was
transformed to the government after the Egyptian revolution in 1952. It stands just in front of
the modern light house of Al Montazah.
The hotel was built due to the orders of the former Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser to
host the first Arab Summit which was attended by all the Arab president and kings of the
time. Afterwards, the hotel became the residence of most of the kings, queens, presidents,
and important figures who visit Egypt. The hotel even hosted the visitors of Egypt at the
event of the grand opening of the new Library of Alexandria. The list included, the French
president |Jack Shirak, Sofia the Queen of Spain, and the Queen Rania the wife of the king of
Jordon. The hotel is the most favorite summer spot for some of Egypt's artists and authors as
well.
The hotel contains 233 rooms and all of them have sea or garden views. It also has 20 suites,
two royal suites, and a villa which takes the whole space of the sixth floor of the hotel and it
is suitable for large families and groups. The villa contains 6 rooms, special private kitchen,
and a big reception hall.
Salamlek Palace Hotel
The Salamlek hotel provides its visitors with the luxurious style of the life of kings and queens.
The hotel was originally built by Abbas Helmy II as the hunting lounge for him and his
Austrian girlfriend who became his wife afterwards and changed her name to be Gawidan
Hanem.
The name Haramlek in the Turkish language means: the place where men meet, Haramlek is
the opposite of Salamlek, the place where women stay. In the reign of King Farouk, the palace
was used as his special office and meeting hall. The Palace was designed by Dmitri
Fabersious, one of the most famous architects at the time. It was designed using a lot of rich
decorations and it contained an artificial forest at the time and it was full of animals that the
Khedive and his companions used to go and hunt. The garden of the Palace has Italian
canons that King Ahmed Fouad brought from Europe to defend the Palace against any attack
that might come from the sea. The palace was used a military hospital in the World War I
where British soldiers used to be transferred there to receive treatment. After the revolution
in 1952, the Haramlek Palace was transformed into a hotel and it was managed by Sphinx
81
Tourism Company. The San Giovanni Company came afterwards and made
a lot of restorations and renovations to the hotel. When you first enter the
main hall of the hotel you find yourself in the Khedive Salon with its
luxurious furniture and it contains a collection of photographs of the Khedive with different
important figures. You will definitely spend some time at the reception to be able to choose
the best suite as the hotel has 14 special suites: "Mawlana Al Moheeb" Suite that contains 5
wide rooms and a special royal garden view, "Sahebat Al Essma" with its huge three rooms
and wide balcony, " Dawlat Al Ra'ees" with two rooms and a wide balcony, or "Afandina" with
three rooms and a big balcony.
The most fascinating suite in the hotel is the Crystal suite, or the queen royal suite. It was
named that way because all of its items were made out of blue glass and crystal.
The Haramlek Palace
The Haramlek Palace was built by King Ahmed Foaud in 1925 when he ordered his Italian
architect, firotche, to construct it to be the summer residence of the Royal Family of Egypt at
the time.
The Palace has a distinctive design that combines different types of styles with the Byzantine
style dominant. This is besides the Gothic, Classic, and off course Islamic styles of
architecture. The word Haramlek is a Turkish architecture term that used to describe the
place where women stay and it was forbidden for anyone to enter this special ladies area.
The Haramlek Palace contains a lot of French antiquities and it was decorated richly in the
Baroque and Rococo styles that consist of amazing ornaments of plants and geometric
designs.
The Palace consists of a huge open air hall in the middle of it with all the rooms and suites
surrounding it. The palace has three floors. The first floor consists of many rooms and halls
and the most important among them is office of the king, the billiards hall, and the dinning
lounge. The second floor used to host the chaperones and servants of the kings and queens,
while the third and last floor hosted the suites of the king and the queen with a huge balcony
in between. This floor also has the baby prince suite which was designed out of cork in order
to prevent the sleeping baby from being disturbed because of the sound of footsteps.
In the reign of King Farouk, the palace was renewed and restored. King Farouk wanted to dig
a crypt that goes from the palace directly to the sea in order for him to use it in case of any
attack taking place at the palace. However, he was not able to complete it because of the
Egyptian revolution in 1952.
Today, the Montazah Complex serves as one of the most popular recreational spots in
Alexandria. However, the Montazah Palace is closed to the public and occasionally used as a
presidential Palace
82
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International (“x”)
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
Not Available no visits to the place , only the allowed visits are for the gardens and the
restaurants inside
Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists _
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full
Partial
Minimal
Absent “x”
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
the palace is used only as peridential palace , only the full usability is for the gardens and
hotles and restaurants inside
State of preservation
Excellent “x”
Good
Fair
Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
the palace is very well preserved according to its usage
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
bookshops and gift shop are available
Availability/accessibility of information materials
brochures are available
Managing authority:
83
_________________________________________
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
annual
Opening times: the gardens are open from 9:00 am till mid night
Usability:
admission fee (price 7 EGP / ticket)
Managing authority
Institution _____________________
Contact person ___________________
Office (location) _____________________________________________________________
Tel. _________________ Fax _______________ Website and email___________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
there is requalification on the infrastructure of the palace annualy because of its important
usage as presidential palace
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
there is no functional requalification availalbe
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
alot of event and concerts organized for the pulblic on the gardens
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
84
Resource
Abu El Abbas Mosque
Name (if relevant) :
Type :
Code 08
Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque
Historical Mosque
Location :
El-Anfoushi, Midan el Masaged (Mosque Square)
Administrative district :
Al Gomrok district (Customs district)
Geographical coordination: 31.205644° N, 29.882158° E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) :
Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. Thia area
attracts both local and foreign tourists to visit the mosque mainly and other historical and
cultural places that are near by this area.
Related resources
1.Qaitbay Citadel
distance 1.5 (km)
2. Water biology Exhibition
Public transport yes
distance 1.5 (km)
3.El Anfoushy cemetery distance 1.5 (km)
Public transport yes
Public transport yes
Description of the resource (*)
The Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque is the most historic and most beautiful mosque in
Alexandria. It was built primarily in 1775 over the tomb of a Spanish scholar and saint, Abu El
Abbas El Mursi (1219-86), and stands on Mosque Square overlooking the eastern harbor. Abu
al-Abbas al-Mursi (whose full name is much longer) was born to a wealthy family in the
Andalusia region of Spain in 1219. In the wake of increasing Christian control of Spain, he and
his family left for Tunisia in 1242. He later went on to Alexandria, a popular destination of
many Muslim scholars at the time. Abu al-Abbas lived in Alexandria for 43 years as a scholar
and teacher until his death in 1286. He was buried in a small building near the eastern harbor
in Alexandria. In 1307, El Sheikh Zein El Din Ibn El Qattan, one of the richest traders of
Alexandria, visited the tomb. He funded a mausoleum and dome for the tomb, along with a
small mosque. The tomb of Abu al-Abbas became a place of pilgrimage for many Muslims
from Egypt and Morocco who passed through Alexandria on their way to and from Mecca.
The mosque was periodically restored over the centuries by rulers who built themselves
tombs next to the saint. Most of the present structure dates from 1775, when the Algerian
Sheikh Abu el Hassan El Maghreby built a much larger mosque on the site. It was fully
renovated in 1863, and an annual festival was established to celebrate the birth of Abu alAbbas al-Mursi. The mosque was again beautified in 1943 under King Farouq I (r.1937-1952),
who built the Midan el Masaged, or "Mosque Square." The square covers some 43,200
square meters and includes five other mosques centered around the Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi
Mosque. The mosque was renovated in the Arabian style that was popular when the saint
came to Alexandria in the 13th century, at a total cost of about 140,000 LE. What to See at
the Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque. The cream-colored Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque stands
85
23 m high and dressed in artificial stone, with a minaret on the southern
side rising to 73 m. Situated near the shore of the eastern harbor, the
mosque and its neighbors can be clearly seen from the sea. The minaret
has an Ayoubids design, with four sections of different shapes.
The mosque has an entrance on the north and one on the east, both of which overlook the
square. The main part of the mosque is an octagon, with internal walls are dressed in artificial
stone except for a 5.6 m-high mosaic. The high ceiling is decorated with arabesque and
contains a great octagonal skylight known as a Shokhsheikha. Each side of the skylight has
three windows of colored glass in arabesque designs set into aluminum frames. This skylight
is surrounded by four domes, placed over the four mausoleums within the complex. The
floors are paved in white marble. The doors, minbar and windows are made of joined and
finely carved teak, citronia and walnut. The minbar (pulpit) is capped by a dome and has
verses from the Qur'an written at the top in French gold. The mihrab (niche indicating the
direction of Mecca) stands at the base of the mosque's minaret and is flanked by the creed,
”There is no god except Allah and Muhammad is the prophet of Allah” in Arabic script. Also
on either side of the mihrab are two columns of Egyptian granite, with the name of
Muhammad written in Kufic Arabic calligraphy at each end. The mayda, an absolution area,
along with the lavatories, are on the western side of the mosque with their own entrance
overlooking the square. According to a royal order, the necessary alterations were made to
reserve a special worship area for women with a private entrance.
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International(X)
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate) _
Not applicable .
Tourists2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013 ________
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
86
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full (X)
Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
The mosque is open all over the day for prayers and visits.
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
(X)
Fair Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
Last structural maintenance was long time ago , so the place needs restoration.
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
1. Qaitbey Maritime Museum
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures (No)
audiovisuals (No)
Managing authority:
websites (No)
_________________________________________
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
annual
Opening times: 24 hours
Usability:
free entry
Managing authority :
Institution Ministry of Al-Awqaf__Contact person ___________________
Office (location)_________________________________________________
Tel.
Fax (No)
87
Website and Email (No)
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
There weren't any structural requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
There weren't any functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
None
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. Periodical structural restoration and regular maintenance.
2. Increasing the number of services for residents and tourists , and enhancing the quality of
each service .
3. The government should declare the mosque one of the historical destinations in order to
protect the area from the consequences of over capacity.
88
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
The lack of restoration The authorities undertake
and maintenance on a restoration processes on long
regular basis .
term periods of time and that
badly affects the structural
condition of the building
The lack of financial
resources.
Low
Economic
sustainability
General decrease in
the level of services in
the whole area
Garbage everywhere.
Lack of coordination
between the concerned
authorities
low
Social
sustainability
Street vendors
It's one of Egypt's bad
The absence of
phenomenons that has emerged governmental and
after the revolution
political instability
medium
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
1
1
1
1
Economic
sustainability
1
1
1
1
Social sustainability
3
3
3
3
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
89
Resource: Catacombs of Kom Al Shoquafa
Name (if relevant) :
Code 09
Catacombs of Kom Al Shoquafa
( It is considered as one of the seven wonders of the Middle Ages )
Type :
Tomb , Barial chambers , Necropolis .
Location :
Al Miri St. , Karmous Area .
Administrative district :
West destrict
Geographical coordination :
31.178558 N
29.892954 E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) :
Karmouz area is considered the oldest part of the city . It was built on the ruins of an ancient
Egyptian village called " Rhakotis " . It cotains many archeological sites and monuments , that
date back to roman era . The area attracts only a few number of tourists espetially when we
compare it to the area's touristic potentials .
Related resources
1.
Pompay's Pillar
distance 300 (m)
Public transport
yes
2.
Tagran Tomb
distance 0
(m)
Public transport
yes
3.
Salvago Tomb
distance 0
(m)
Public transport
yes
Public transport
yes
4. The open museum distance 0
(m)
Description of the resource (*)
It has been discovered in September 28th, 1900. This discovery is one of the most astounding
ones in archaeological history: A set of rock-cut tombs with features unlike that of any other
catacomb in the ancient world. Archaeologists believe that the Catacomb of Kom el Shoqafa
was started in the 2nd century A.D. and was used to intern the dead for the next 200 years.
This was a period in the history of the city of Alexandria when there was a great mixing of
different cultures. Of course, there was the ancient history of the great Egyptian kingdoms
which went back thousands of years. In 332 B.C. Alexander the Great had conquered the
land, established the city of Alexandria, and started a dynasty of Greek rulers who brought
their own culture to the metropolis. In 31 B.C. the Romans took control of the city and added
their traditions. This made Alexandria, which was then the capital of Egypt, into what some
have called "The Paris of antiquity." People combined the elements of these three great
cultures together in surprising ways. Though much of this has now disappeared from modern
Alexandria, deep in the Kom el Shoqafa catacombs, the intellectual blend of those times is
still apparent. These catacombs are not the only ones that were constructed in ancient
Alexandria. Such structures were part of a Necropolis (or "city of the dead") that was
probably built (according to Egyptian tradition) on the western edge of the town. Most of the
rest of the Necropolis, however, was probably destroyed over the centuries by earthquakes
or new construction. Archaeologists speculate that Kom el Shoqafa was started as a tomb for
90
a single, wealthy family, but was expanded into a larger burial site for
unknown reasons. Most likely the facility was eventually run by a
corporation which was supported by members who paid regular dues. The
name of the site, Kom el Shoqafa, means "Mound of Shards." The name comes from heaps of
broken pottery in the area. Archaeologists believe that these were left in ancient times by
relatives who would visit the tomb bringing food and drink with them. The visitors, not
wanting to bring vessels that had been used at a gravesite back to their homes, would shatter
them and leave them behind in piles.
Layout of Tomb
On the surface above the catacombs in ancient times was probably a large funerary chapel.
From the remains of this edifice an 18-foot (6m) wide, round shaft descends into the
underground structure. Running around the outside of the shaft but separated by a wall is a
spiral staircase with windows into the shaft that allow light coming from the surface to
illuminate the stairs. It is likely that the shaft also enabled the bodies of the deceased to be
lowered down to the deeper levels through a rope and pulley system rather than being
carried down the steps. At the junction of the uppermost undergrounds level and the stairs
there are seats caved into the stone where visitors could rest. A short passage from here
leads to the rotunda room, which overlooks a round shaft that continues down to the lower
levels. To the left of the rotunda room is a funeral banquet hall known as the "Triclinium." It
is here that relatives would participate in annual, ceremonial feasts to honor the dead. Steps
from this upper level continue down to the middle level which is the main part of the tomb.
This section is laid out much like a Greek temple. At the bottom of the steps is the porch of
the temple set between two columns. This area was originally designed to be surrounded by
a single u-shaped corridor that contained the burial niches. As more space was needed,
however, additional rooms and halls were added, turning the complex into a labyrinth. Below
the middle level, at the lowest level, additional internment niches are located, but that area is
flooded and inaccessible to visitors.
Blend of Styles
The main tomb at the middle level is covered with the sculpture and art that makes this
catacomb unique. For example, in the room behind the temple porches are statues of a man
and woman (perhaps representing the original occupants of the tomb). Both of the statues'
bodies have been carved into the stiff hieratic poses found in ancient Egyptian art. The man's
head, however, has been chiselled into the lifelike style favoured by the Greeks. In the same
way the woman's head has been carved with a Roman hairstyle. On either side of the
doorway of the temple's facade there are two serpents carved in relief. These are meant to
guard the tomb. The Greek serpents are wearing traditional Egyptian double crowns,
however, and in their coils they carry both a kerkeion (a winged staff) which is a Roman
insignia and a Greek thyrsus (a staff topped by a pinecone). Above the serpents' head are
Greek shields carrying the image of the legendary Greek monster (Medusa) whose use here is
meant to ward off unfriendly intruders. It is this mix of art and culture - Egyptian, Greek and
Roman - that is not found in any other catacomb in the ancient world that makes Kom el
Shoqafa special. From the rotunda it is possible to enter a separate set of tombs through a
hole in the wall. This section, known as the Hall of Caracalla contains the bones of horses and
men. The name comes from an incident in 215 AD when the Emperor Caracalla, massacred a
group of young Christians. While we do know that such a massacre did occur, there is no
actual evidence that the remains in the hall are related to that incident. Why the men and
91
horses are buried together in the hall continues to be a mystery. The fact
that this set of tombs serviced several different cultures can also be seen by
the modes of internment themselves. The tomb has many sarcophagi for
the placement of mummies in the Egyptian tradition, but also numerous niches meant to hold
the remains of those who chose to be cremated in the Greek and Roman style. As one writer
put it, the catacomb is "visible evidence of an age when three cultures, three arts, and three
religions were superimposed upon Egyptian soil."
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International(X)
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource
Tourists/Day trippers
Egyptians
Forigners
2009
7 422
152 458
2010
7 937
109 636
2011
3 736
36 689
2012
5 644
38 230
2013
4 545
19 903
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) not available
2009 _____ (n. Arrivals) % foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
_____
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
_____
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
_____
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
_____
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
Tourist usability - 1
Year
% foreign tourists
% foreign tourists
% foreign tourists
% foreign tourists
% foreign tourists
Level of usability
Full
Partial(X)
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
Catacombs of Kom Al Shoquafa contains many tombs , but not all of them are opened to
visitors , and every tomb consists of many rooms "chambers" , only a few of them are opened
to tourists , this is due to their fragile condition .
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor (X)
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
Catacombs of kom el shoqafa are in a great jeopardy. This amazing archaeological site which
is considered as one of the seven wonders of the middle ages is about to collapse.
The last structural maintenance was in 1995, so the whole site is in a very bad condition and
it needs many development and restoration projects. And After the revolution and the
92
complete recession of tourism in Egypt, the situation became worse
because of the decrease of the financial resources.
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
1. Gifts shop
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures (No)
audiovisuals (No)
Managing authority:
websites (No)
Supreme Council of antiquities - The Egyptian monuments' Sector .
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
annual
Opening times: 9 am : 5 pm
Usability: admission fee
2 L.E for Egyptians
1 L.E for Egy.Students
40 L.E for Forigners 25 L.E for Forign Students
Managing authority :
Institution
Supreme Council of antiquities - The Egyptian monuments' Sector .
Contact person Abdel 3ale sa3d
Office (location) Inside the archaeological site .
Tel. (No)
Fax (No)
Website and Email (No)
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
1. There wasn't any structural restoration in the last 5 years .
2. The last structural maintenance was in 1995,
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
No functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
None .
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. The area needs many big development and restoration projects.
2. Increasing the number of services for residents and tourists , and enhancing the quality of
each service .
3. Increasing the number of pumps that suck underground water from tombs , because
underground water is a critical issue in these tombs due to it's depth.
93
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
The lack of restoration
and maintenance on a
regular basis .
The authorities undertake The lack of financial
restoration processes on a resources.
very long term periods of
time and that affects so
badly the structural
condition of the tombs .
Economic
sustainability
General decrease in the
level of services in the
whole area of Qaitbay.
Garbage everywhere.
Lack of coordination Medium
between the
concerned
authorities
Social
sustainability
Street vendors
It's one of Egypt's bad
phenomenons that has
emerged after the
revolution
The absence of
governmental and
political instability
Medium
Medium
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social sustainability
3
3
3
3
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
94
Resource: Qaitbay Maritime Museum
Name (if relevant) :
Type :
Code 10
Qaitbay Maritime Museum
Culture museum for sea life and war collectiom
Location :
Qaitbay St. - Al Anfoushy
Administrative district :
Al Gomrok district (customs district )
Geographical coordination :
31.2130 N
29.8852 E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource)
Qaitbay area is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria . This area attracts both
local and international tourists to visit the citadel and the Maritime museum mainly , and
other historical and cultural places that are nearby this area .
Related resources
1.
Qaitbay citadel distance
0 (km)
Public transport Yes
2. Water biology Exhubition
distance 100 (m)
Public transport Yes
3.
distance
Public transport Yes
Al Anfoushy cemetary
1 (km)
Description of the resource (*)
Qaitbay Maritime Museum is one of the smallest museums in Egypt . The museum displays
different kinds of sea creatures and scenes from the Red sea and Mediterranean . It contains
natural coral reefs , many kinds of fish , seashells , shates & rays , sea sponger , fish's jaws ,
fossils and a huge skeleton of a whale .
It also houses a collection of several interesting artefacts from the wars that it has witnessed.
You can see relics from the Roman sea battles, the Napoleonic wars in which the fort was
bombarded, as well as the British wars in which it was taken. There is also an interesting
collection of sea diaphragms and sea animals.
95
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International(X)
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource
Tourist/day trippers
Egyptians
Forigners
2009
319092
184170
2010
361719
188226
2011
264216
20183
2012
246190
21509
2013
142970
13736
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) not available
Year
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full(X)
Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
This small museum consists many display rooms; all of them are opened to visitors.
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
Fair(X)
Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
Last structural maintenance was long time ago , so the place needs restoration.
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
There aren't any related facilities
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures (No)
audiovisuals (No)
Managing authority:
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
96
websites (No)
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
Opening times:
Annual
9 am : 5 pm
Usability:
admission fee 1 L.E for Egyptians
5 L.E for Forigners
Managing authority :
Institution
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
Contact person Mahmoud Abdel Mohsen Abu Al3la
Office (location) Inside the Museum
Tel. 012-741-159-60
Fax (No)
Website and email (No)
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
There was no structural restoration for Qaitbay Maritime Museum in the last 5 years . The
last restoration for Qaitbay citadel was in 2003 and lasted to 2005 , but the supreme council
of antiquities who is responsible for the citadel didn't restore the museum , because the
museum is under the responsibility of the ministry of scientific research .
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
There were no functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
recently the governorate held a kind of small local event in Qaitbay area to promote domestic
tourism and encourage residents to visit Alexandria's tourist destinations .
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. Periodical structural restoration and regular maintenance.
2. Increasing the number of services for residents and tourists , and enhancing the quality of
each service .
3. The government should declare Qaitbay area one of the historical destinations in order to
protect the area from the consequences of overcapacity.
97
Environmental
sustainability
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Slums
Qaitbay area is near by many
slums , and that affects the
touristic image around
Qaitbay citadel as a tourist
destination.
Egypt's poor economic
situation esp. After our
revolution , and that
reflected on every
family in Egypt.
Medium
The lack of
restoration and
maintenance on a
regular basis .
The authorities undertake
The lack of financial
restoration processes on long resources.
term periods of time and that
affects the structural
condition of the building.
Medium
Economic
sustainability
General decrease in Garbage everywhere.
the level of services
in the whole area
of Qaitbay.
- Lack of coordination
Medium
between the concerned
authorities
Social
sustainability
Street vendors
The absence of
governmental and
political instability
It's one of Egypt's bad
phenomenons that has
emerged after the revolution
Medium
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social sustainability
3
3
3
3
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
98
Resource: Alexandria Aquarium museum
Code 11
Name (if relevant) : Alexandria Aquarium museum
Type : museum
Location : Alexandria
Administrative district : Qaitbay St., Anfoushi district
Geographical coordination : West of Alexandria
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) :
Alexandria Aquarium museum lies next to Quaitbay Citadel ,yacht club and greece club
Related resources
1. Quitbay Citadel
distance 37 (M)
Public transport Y (Y/N)
2. Greek club
distance 53 (M)
Public transport Y (Y/N)
3. Yacht club
distance 110 (M)
Public transport Y (Y/N)
Description of the resource (*)
Alexandria Aquarium is a small aquarium museum in Alexandria. It was built in 1930 and is
near Qaitbay fort on Alexandria's Eastern Harbour. The aquarium exhibits many species from
the Mediterranean and Red Seas around Egypt, as well as some freshwater species from the
Nile and the Amazon. Animals on display range from fish to crustaceans and turtles (both
marine and freshwater). The Aquarium is also home to the Marine Research Institute.
The building is a sort of 'aquarium' with underwater 'tubes' extending down into the glorious
pure water of Alexandria to allow visitors to view the work carried out by underwater
archaeologists .
The building is a sort of 'aquarium' with underwater 'tubes' extending down into the glorious
pure water of Alexandria to allow visitors to view the work carried out by underwater
archaeologists . Enclosed inside the museum is the Marine Research Institute that conducts
researches and presentation of underwater cultural heritage , through educational and
training activities .
99
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
“x” International
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
2009 (324189 tourists – 309805 Egyptians , 14384 foreigners ) 4.43% international
2010 (309852 tourists – 271507 Egyptians , 38345 foreigners ) 12.37% international
2011 (219743 tourists – 192510 Egyptians , 27233 foreigners ) 12.3% international
2012 (239908 tourists – 213129 Egyptians , 26779 foreigners ) 11.16% international
2013 (140441 tourists – 126914 Egyptians , 13527 foreigners ) 9.63% international
% International Tourists :: (9.75 % ) (the percentage of international tourists all last 5 years )
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) Not available
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
100
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full “x”
Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
all the part of the musuem is fully opened to the visitors
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
“x”
Fair
Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
The state of preservation is quite good , not excellent
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) :: no facilities
1. Maritime Museum
Availability/accessibility of information materials :: no information materials
Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites___
Managing authority:
Ministry of Scientific Research
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
Daily
Opening times: 9 AM till 10 PM
Usability:
free entry for handicapped and people working in tourism field
admission fee ___ (price 5,00 E.P for foriegners , 2,00 for Egyptians )
Managing authority
Institution : National Institute For Oceanography & Fisheries
Contact person : Dr. Ahmed El-Nemr
Office (location) : Ras at Tin ,Qesm Al Gomrok
Tel. +20 3 4807138
101
Fax _______________ Website and email___________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
1. annually maintenance
2.a new Aquarium
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
- no interventions of functional requalification implemented in the last 5 years
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
- no events or promotions realized in the last 5 years
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. electronic gate for security
2. improving the material of aquariums for the sustainability
102
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Medium
Environmental
sustainability
No risk
Economic sustainability
The street vendors
It's one of Egypt's bad
phenomenons that has
emerged after the
revolution
The absence of
governmental and
political instability
Social sustainability
Slums
area is near by many
slums , and that affects
the touristic
Egypt's poor
Medium
economic situation
esp. After our
revolution , and
that reflected on
every family in
Egypt.
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
0
0
0
0
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social sustainability
3
3
3
3
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
103
Resource
Al Busiri Mosque
Name (if relevant) :
Type :
Code 12
Al Busiri Mosque
Historical Mosque
Location :
El-Anfoushi, Midan el Masaged (Mosque Square)
Administrative district :
Al Gomrok district (Customs district)
Geographical coordination: 31.205681° N, 29.883006° E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) :
Al Busiri Mosque is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. Thia area attracts both
local and foreign tourists to visit the mosque mainly and other historical and cultural places
that are near by this area.
Related resources
1.Abu El-Abbas Mosque
2. Qaitbay Citadel
distance 0 (km) Public transport yes
distance 1.5 (km)
Public transport yes
3.El Anfoushy cemetery distance 1.5 (km)
Public transport yes
Description of the resource (*)
The Egyptian poet al-Busiri (d.1294) is considered the most distinguished author of poems
praising the Prophet Muhammad (a.s.). His tomb and mosque in the Anfushi district of
Alexandria have recently been restored with the help of local benefactors, and are again
playing an important part in the life of the city, attracting visitors from around the world. The
present structure mainly dates from the year 1863, when Muhammed Said Pasha, the son of
the well-known Egyptian/Albanian governor Muhammad Ali Pasha, sponsored a complete
reconstruction of a much older and more modest structure. The architecture is of Ottoman
inspiration, with three large domes and a courtyard with ablutions-fountain (sadrvan).
Further remodelling took place in 1889 under the khedive Tawfiq, and again in the late 1990s.
The mosque is noted for its fine mural calligraphy, which includes 94 verses of al-Busiri’s
famous poem al-Burda inscribed in ta’liq script. There are also several important Qur’anic
inscriptions by the calligrapher Abd al-Ghaffar al-Duri, together with dedicatory lines in Arabic
and Turkish.
104
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International(X)
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
Not applicable.
Tourists2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013 ________
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full (X)
Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
This mosque is open for prayers and visits all over the day.
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
Fair (X) Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
Last structural maintenance was long time ago , so the place needs restoration.
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
1. Qaitbey Maritime Museum
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures (No)
audiovisuals (No)
Managing authority:
105
websites (No)
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
annual
Opening times: __all day _________________
Usability:
free entry
Managing authority :
Institution: Ministry of Al Awqaf
Contact person ___________________
Office (location)_________________________________________________
Tel.
Fax (No)
Website and Email (No)
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
There weren't any functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. Periodical structural restoration and regular maintenance.
2. Increasing the number of services for residents and tourists , and enhancing the quality of
each service .
3. The government should declare the mosque area one of the historical destinations in order
to protect the area from the consequences of over capacity.
106
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
The lack of restoration The authorities undertake
and maintenance on a restoration processes on long
regular basis .
term periods of time and that
badly affects the structural
condition of the building
The lack of financial
resources.
Low
Economic
sustainability
General decrease in
the level of services in
the whole area
Garbage everywhere.
Lack of coordination
between the concerned
authorities
low
Social
sustainability
Street vendors
It's one of Egypt's bad
The absence of
phenomenons that has emerged governmental and
after the revolution
political instability
medium
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
1
1
1
1
Economic
sustainability
1
1
1
1
Social sustainability
3
3
3
3
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
107
Resource: Graeco -Roman Museum
Code 13
Name (if relevant) : Graeco -Roman Museum
Type : Historical Museum
Location :5 el Mathaf st. - Horeya st. (kom el Dekka)
Administrative district : Central district (Wasat)
Geographical coordination
31.199259°N 29.906872°E.
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource) :
The Graeco-Roman Museum was one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. It
attracted both local and international tourists as well as students to visit and explore its
differant sections. Also it is surrounded by a number of cultural and historical places as well
as restaurants, caffees, shops and hotels.
Planing to take and add the place of Diwan El Mohafza to the museum.
Related resources:
1. Alexandria National Museum
distance 500m
Public transport (Y, walking distance)
2. Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alex. distance 1 (km)
Public transport ___ (Y
3. Kafafis Museum
distance 1 (km) Public transport ___ (Y
Description of the resource (*)
The Greco-Roman Museum of Alexandria in Egypt was created in 1892. It was first built in a
five-room apartment, inside one small building in Rosetta Street (later Avenue Canope and
now Horriya). In 1895, it was transferred to another building that only had eleven rooms.
More rooms were added later to this building, now located near Gamal Abdul Nasser Street.
The museum contains several pieces from the 3rd century BC, such as a sculpture of Abis in
black granite; the sacred bull of the Egyptians, mummies, sarcophagus, tapestries, and other
objects offering a view of Greco-Roman civilization related to Egypt. Its collection is the
product of donations from wealthy Alexandrians as well as of excavations led by successive
directors of the institution, both within the town and in its environs. Certain other objects
have come from the Organization of Antiquities at Cairo (particularly those of the Pharaonic
period) and from various digs undertaken at the beginning of the century in Fayoum and at
Benhasa. Housed within a historic building whose beautiful neoclassical facade of six columns
and pediment bears the large Greek inscription, ‘MOYΣEION’, the museum consists of 27 halls
and an attractive garden, which offer an excellent introduction to Egypt's Greco-Roman
period. The museum has been closed for renovations since 2005. As of June 2014, the
building was still surrounded by scaffolding.
108
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International“x”
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
Not Available
Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full
Partial
Minimal
Absent“x”
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
the museum has been closed since 2005 for reconstruction
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor “x”
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
some part of the museum has been colapsed
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) not available
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites___
Managing authority:
109
_________________________________________
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
closed
Opening times: ___________________
Usability:
free entry___
admission fee ___ (price …..,00 euros)
Managing authority
Institution _____________________
Contact person ___________________
Office (location) _____________________________________________________________
Tel. _________________ Fax _______________ Website and email___________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
the museum is closed for requalification since 2005
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
there is no functional requalification
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.) not available
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
reconstruction of the collapsed area , improving its infrastructure to be more sustained
110
Resource: Royal Jewelry Museum
Code 14
Name : Royal Jewelry Museum
Type: Art and History Museum
Location : Abd el Salam Aref st. - Zezenia
Administrative district : East district( Sharq)
Geographical coordination: 31.2408850N 29.9630920E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource):
The Royal Jewelry Museum is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. It attracts
both local and international tourists as well as art students to visit and explore its different
sections.The Royal Jewelry Museum is surrounded by all the facilities needed for tourists and
visitors. Also it is surrounded by a number of hotels as well as retaurants, caffees and shops
and mall.
Related resources
1. Mahmoud Said Museum
2. Yehia Mosque
distance 500 (m)
distance 100_ m)
Public transport (YES), walking dist.
Public transport (YES), walking dist.
Description of the resource (*)
The Royal Jewelry Museum is an art and history museum in the Zizenia neighborhood of
Alexandria, Egypt. It is located in the former palace of Princess Fatma Al-Zahraa.
Its halls contain an inestimable collection of jewels and jewelry of the Muhammad Ali
Dynasty, 19th-century paintings, statues, and decorative arts are also exhibited in the rooms
and lobbies. The museum houses major jewelry pieces and art acquisitions of the dynasty of
Muhammad Ali and his descendants, who ruled Egypt for nearly 150 years from 1805 until
the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Following the Revolution, the jewelry left by the Royal
Family was kept secure and unseen until a 1986 decree by President Mubarak was issued to
assign Princess Fatima Al-Zahra' Palace in Alexandria as a special museum to house those
pieces. The palace is in itself an elegant masterpiece of fine architecture and applied arts. It
was built in 1919 in the European Neoclassical architecture style. The walls and ceilings are
adorned with oil paintings depicting various historical scenes and natural scenery. The palace
windows are decorated with lead-inlaid glass artwork also depicting European-style historical
scenes. It has 4,185 square meters (45,050 sq ft) of interior space, and is surrounded by
gardens.
The museum was first inaugurated on 24 October 1986.
After several years of renovations and expansion it was reopened in April 2010, then it has
been closed to the public since the beginning of the January 25th revolution in 2011.
111
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International“x”
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
Not Available
Tourists 2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full
Partial
Minimal
Absent “x”
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
closed since January 2011 because of the revolution regarding the to safety and security
situation
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
“x”
Fair
Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
the Jewelry of the musuem is well preserved according the safety issues
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
gift shops are available
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures and flyers
Managing authority:
112
_________________________________________
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
closed
Opening times: ___________________
Usability: 40 EGP for regular / 20 EGP for students
Managing authority
Institution _____________________
Contact person ___________________
Office (location) _____________________________________________________________
Tel. _________________ Fax _______________ Website and email___________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
After the opening of the musuem in 1986 several requalification has been done the latest was
in April 2010 , there was requalification on the infrastructure and the presentation of the
Jewelry
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
no available functional requalification
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.) not available
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
Hopefuly the situation in Egypt be more stable to be able to reopen the museum again
113
Resource: Anfoushy tombs
Name (if relevant)
Code 15
Anfoshy tombs
Type : Historical tomb
Location
Bahary area, West of Alexandria, Anfoushy district near Ras el Tin Palace
Administrative district Al Gomrok district
Geographical coordination
west of Alexandria
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource)
This area is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. This area attracts both local
and foreign tourists to visit the alot of historical and cultural places that are near by this area
Related resources
1. Abu Al Abbas Al-Mursi Mosque
distance 1.5 (km)
2. Qaitbay Citadel
distance1.5 (km)
Public transport yes
Public transport yes
Description of the resource (*)
Anfoushi graveyards are located in the Bahary Area in the West of Alexandria, dating
specifically to the third century B.C, around the 250 B.C in the late Ptolemaic and early Roman
era. The graveyards were discovered in 190, where two funerary buildings and two
cemeteries were discovered. Tombs of Anfoushi have aboit five tombs. The forms and the
plans of the tombs resemble in their design the Greek ancient houses.
114
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International X
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
Tourists 2009: 936
2010: 780
2011: 264
2012: 348
2013: 444
% International Tourists
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
Not Available
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full
Partial X
Minimal
Absent
Description of the level of usability
Some developments around the vault, but still under restoration work.
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
Fair
X
Poor
Description of the state of preservation
1-Defects in the limestone formation where tomb cut (high porosity, poor limestone and
fractures).
2-Rise and fall of humidity and temperature
3-Defects in previous restoration works
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) Not available
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Not available
Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites___
Managing authority:
115
_________________________________________
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
annual
Opening times: 9:00 am to 5 :00 pm
Usability:
free entry
Managing authority
Institution _____________________
Contact person ___________________
Office (location) _____________________________________________________________
Tel. _________________ Fax _______________ Website and email___________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
there is no maintenance in the last 5 years, the last maintenance was from very long time ,
but start now after the revoluation to make plan for its maintenance
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
no functional requalification is available
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
Not Available
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
plan for solving the problem of the underground water and the problems affecting the
infrastructure of the tombs
116
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
Underground water The presence of
No available
underground water
funding resources
inside the chambers of
the tomb that may affect
its infrastructure
Medium
Economic sustainability
Lack of facilities
arround the
attraction
El Anfoushy area is the
The living standard
main area which contain of the residence is
slums in alexandria
very poor
Medium
Social sustainability
Street vendors
It's one of Egypt's bad
phenomenons that has
emerged after the
revolution
medium
The absence of
governmental and
political instability
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental 4
sustainability
4
4
4
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social
sustainability
3
3
3
3
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
117
Resource: Cemetery Shatby
Name (if relevant)
Code 16
Cemetery Shatby
Type Historical Greek Cemetery
Location El Shatby station front of College saint mark
Administrative district Qesm bab shark
Geographical coordination
East of Alexandria
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource)
The area arround the attraction is very near to the downtown which may attract the tourists ,
this area contains a lot of facilities
Related resources
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
distance ( 1.0 km) Public transport yes
Description of the resource (*)
The cemetery Shatby exists since the first century BC and wasn’t used especially during the
third century BC. Stepped pedestrals for gravestones are still visile today. Faces of the
building are painted or carved in relief with traditional Greek funerary scenes. Some tombs
have Greek architectural orders like Doric and Ionnic colonnades. Others have funerary
couches in it, following the Macedonian custom.
Source: The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt, C.300 BC To AD 700, volume 63 by Judith Mc Kenzie.
118
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International X
Tourist/day trippers
flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate)
Tourists 2009: 269
2010: 215
2011: 28
2012 :144
2013: 61
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres) Not Available
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays) % foreign tourists _____
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full
Partial
Minimal X
Absent
Description of the level of usability
Stairs to up and down in the cemetery, but it’s minimal (No disabled access). Not well know
by the tourist
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
Fair X
Poor
Description of the state of preservation
No maintance from very long time ago years and it face lot of problem on its infrastructure
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) Not available
Availability/accessibility of information materials Not available
Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites___
Managing authority:
119
_________________________________________
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
All the year
Opening times: From 8 am till 5 pm
Usability: 25 EGP for foreigners ; 2 EGP for Egyptians ;
20 EGP for foreign students and 15 EGP for Egyptian students.
Managing authority Under the supervision of Mr Mohamed Abd al Mageed (greco roman
theatre).
Institution _____________________
Contact person Mrs Mona Wadea
Office (location) _____________________________________________________________
Tel. _________________ Fax _______________ Website and email___________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
1. No maintenance within these last 5 years
2. All maintenance was before January 25 revolution
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
No Available functional requalification
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
Not Available
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
plan for solving the problem of the underground water and the problems affecting the
infrastructure of the tombs
120
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental
sustainability
Underground water The presence of
No available
underground water
funding resources
inside the chambers of
the tomb that may affect
its infrastructure
Medium
Economic sustainability
Lack of Awarness of
this attraction
Medium
Social sustainability
No risk
Lack of marketing
compaign for the
awarness of this
attraction to the tourist
No available
funding resources
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental 4
sustainability
4
4
4
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social
sustainability
0
0
0
0
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
121
Resource: Mustafa Kamel cemetery
Code 17
Name (if relevant) Mustafa Kamel cemetery
Type: Greek-Roman Historical Cemetery
Location Mustafa Kamel area, El-Moaskar El-Romani Street (Roushdy Zone)
Administrative district raml district
Geographical coordination
East of Alexandria
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource)
The area arround the attraction may attract the tourists , this area contains a lot of facilities
Related resources
Description of the resource (*)
The cemetery dates back to the end of the 3rd century BC, the beginning of the 2nd century
(Ptolemaic era). It contains 4 subterranean rock cut tombs. The decoration of these tombs is
well preserved, providing vivid examples of Hellenistic mortuary art in Egypt.
Discovered in 1933, 34: Two types of tombs: 1) Two tombs cut completly under the ground
very well preserved ; 2) Partly built above the ground and partly under it but very damaged.
Source : www.sca-egypt.org (Supreme Council of Antiquities).
122
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International X
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource (estimate) ________________
Tourists
2009: 328
2010: 216
2011: 155
2012:698
2013 :46
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
Not Available
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full
Partial X
Minimal
Absent
Description of the level of usability
Not well know by the tourist , only group of tourist there is no individual tourist visit this
attraction
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
Fair X
Poor
Description of the state of preservation
1- Large sarcophagus in good condition
2-There is another section of tombs that are open to the elements and these are in
particularly poor condition.
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.) Not Available
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Not Available
Brochures ___ audiovisuals___ websites___
Managing authority:
123
_________________________________________
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
annual
Opening times: From 9 am to 5 pm
Usability: 15 EGP for foreigners, 1 EGP for Egyptians
Managing authority
Institution _____________________
Contact person
___________________
Office (location) _____________________________________________________________
Tel. _________________ Fax _______________ Website and email___________________
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
there is no requalification in the past 5 years , the requalification is starting now after the
revolution , requalification on the infrastructure of some chambers of the cemetery
Interventions of functional requalification implemented which were implemented in the last
5 years
No Available functional requalification
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
Not Available
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
there is a plan now for solving the problems affecting the infrastructure of the cememtery
124
Risk factor
Environmental
sustainability
No risk
Economic sustainability
Lack of Awarness of
this attraction
Social sustainability
No risk
Description
Main causes
Level*
Lack of marketing
compaign for the
awarness of this
attraction to the tourist
No available
funding resources
Medium
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental 0
sustainability
0
0
0
Economic
sustainability
3
3
3
3
Social
sustainability
0
0
0
0
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
125
Resource
El Nabi Daniel Mosque
Name (if relevant) :
Type :
Code 18
El Nabi Daniel Mosque
Historical Mosque
Location :
21 El Nabi Daniel Street- Raml Station District
Administrative district :
Raml Station District.
Geographical coordination: 31.12’03.5° N- 29°53’54.8 E
Tourist demand area (description of the tourist area revolving around the resource)
El Nabi Daniel Mosque is one of the main tourist destinations in Alexandria. This area
attracts both local and foreign tourists to visit the mosque mainly and other historical and
cultural places that are near by this area.
Related resources
1.Qaitbay Citadel
distance 3 (km) Public transport yes
2. Abu el Abbas Mosque
3.Al Busiri Mosque
distance 2.2 (km)
distance 2.2 (km)
Public transport yes
Public transport yes
Description of the resource (*)
There are two different accounts of the mosque's namesake. In the first, the mosque is
named after the Biblical prophet Daniel whose life story is based in large part on the accounts
of the Old Testament but incorporates many aspects of Alexander the Great. The Macedonian
king founded the city of Alexandria and was buried in a golden sarcophagus at the site of the
mosque. Alternatively, the mosque may have been named after a Kurd, Sheikh Mohammed
Daniel who came to Alexandria from Mosul in the 15th century. The present Mosque of Nabi
Daniel was built at the end of the 18th century on the site of a 4th century roman temple and
restored in 1823 by Mohamed Ali. It is believed that this mosque was founded on the site of
the Great Soma Temple which was erected over the tomb of Alexander the Great
El Nabi Daniel mosque has a rectangular shape; it starts with an open court with a fountain in
the middle. The prayer hall is divided into two parts, one for men and the other for women.
126
Attractive Value
Local
Regional
National
International(X)
(put a “x”)
Tourist/day trippers flow attracted to the area close to the resource : Not applicable.
Tourists2009 ______ 2010 ______ 2011 _______ 2012 _______ 2013 ________
% International Tourists ______
Tourists (in the accomodations in Historical Centres)
2009 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2010 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2011 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2012 _____ (n. arrivals)
_____
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists
2013 _____ (n. arrivals)
% foreign tourists _____ _____ (n. stays)
% foreign tourists _
Tourist usability - 1
Level of usability
Full (X)
Partial
Minimal
Absent
(put an “x”)
Description of the level of usability
The mosque is open all over the day for prayers and visites.
State of preservation
Excellent
Good
(X)
Fair Poor
(put an “x”)
Description of the state of preservation
Last structural maintenance was long time ago , so the place needs restoration.
Related facilities (Ex.: museum, auditorium, guides, bookshop, etc.)
1. Abu El Abbas Mosque
Availability/accessibility of information materials
Brochures (No)
audiovisuals (No)
Managing authority:
127
websites (No)
_________________________________________
Usability - 2
Opening periods:
annual
Opening times: all the day
Usability:
free entry
Managing authority :
Institution Ministry of Al-Awqaf__Contact person ___________________
Office (location)_________________________________________________
Tel. 03-3924903
Fax (No)
Website and Email (No)
Actions of valorisation
Interventions of structural requalification which were implemented in the last 5 years
There weren't any functional requalifications implemented there in the last 5 years .
Other interventions of valorisation which were realized in the last 5 years (ex.: events,
promotion, etc.)
No functional requalification are available
Potential interventions which could be implemented to increase sustainability
1. Periodical structural restoration and regular maintenance.
2. Increasing the number of services for residents and tourists , and enhancing the quality of
each service .
3. The government should declare the mosque one of the historical destinations in order to
protect the area from the consequences of over capacity.
128
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Environmental sustainability
The lack of
restoration and
maintenance on
a regular basis .
The authorities
The lack of financial
undertake restoration resources.
processes on long term
periods of time and
that affects the
structural condition of
the building in a bad
way.
Economic sustainability
No Risk
Social sustainability
No Risk
Key risk factors for sustainability:
Risk factor
Description
Main causes
Level*
Environmental 2
sustainability
2
2
2
Economic
sustainability
0
0
0
0
Social
sustainability
0
0
0
0
*Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
129
Level*
Low
Resources’ evaluation
Description
Cod.
Competitive
resource
01
Pompey’s pillar
02
Roman theater
03
Citadel Qaitbay
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
(type of
resource)
Memorial
column
Cultural
attraction
Historical
citadel
Appeal
Attractive
value
Accessibility
Organization
5
5
3
5
5
3
5
5
5
3
5
2
5
5
5
4
4
3
5
5
1
5
5
1
5
5
1
3
5
1
4
5
2
2
4
4
2
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
4
5
1
4
5
1
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
Bibliotheca
Library
5
5
5
alexandrina
Alexandria Opera
Cultural
5
5
5
house
attraction
Alexandria national
Museum
5
5
5
museum
Montazah palace King palace
5
1
4
Abu El Abbas
Historical
5
5
4
Mosque
Mosque
Catacombs of kom
Tomb
4
4
2
Al Shoquafa
QaitBay Maritime
Culture
3
3
4
museum
museum
Alexandria
Museum
3
3
4
Aquarium Museum
Historical
Al Busiri Mosque
4
4
4
Mosque
Greeco-Roman
Museum
5
1
4
Museum
Royal Jewelry
Museum
5
1
4
Museum
Historical
Anfoushy Tomb
3
2
4
Tomb
Historical
Shatby Cemetery
3
2
4
cemetery
Moustafa Kamel
Historical
3
2
4
Cemetery
cemetery
El-Nabi
Historical
3
3
4
DanielMosque
Mosque
Please use a 1-5 Likert scale: 1=very low – 5=very high
130
Risk for
Knowledge
sustainability
of
Usability
Matrix of tourism competitiveness
TERRITORIAL ENDOWEMENT
High
High
P
P
E
Strategic resource
Pompey’s pillar, QaitBay Citadel,
Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria
Opera House, Alexandria National
Museum, Montazah Palace &
Garden, Roman theater, Abu EL
Abbas Mosque
A
Low
A
L
Low
Missing resource
Greeco-Roman Museum,
Royal Jewelery Museum,
Moustafa Kamel
cemetery and El
Anfoushy cemetery
Supplementary resource
Marginal resource
Catacombs Kom El Shoquafa, QaitBay El Shatby cemetery, EL
Maritime Museum, Alexandria
Nabi Daniel Mosque
Maritime Museum and El Busiri
Museum
Needs analysis
1- Analysis of the interviews with ten key informants:
As for the first question: 1) In your opinion, what are the main problems/weaknesses of
your historical centre?
The historical centre is suffering from the lack of awareness among the local people
concerning the importance of tourism. Moreover, they are not aware of the importance of
the historical and heritage site/attraction and how to preserve it and deal with it.
The historical centre is also suffering from overcrowd , continues traffic jam, slums, street
vendors, beggars, no cleanliness, sewage problems, no enough parking areas and street
children. In addition, there are no efficient label and sign systems, whether for streets or
tourist attractions and description of antiquities presented. If individual tourists visit the
cultural attractions they will not be able to get information as the employees need to be
trained to deal with tourist.
Also, there are lots of old buildings with heritage value that are either misused or ruined to
build new ones.
131
Commentato [G1]: I would rephrase this part in order to make
clearer that it is key-informants’ opinion to be reported there. It
could be also useful writing something like: Manal Affara, Professor
of Egyptology at…., told that/think that/etc.
As for the second question: 2) How do you evaluate tourism in your
historical centre? Is it sustainable? If not, why? What are the main
negative factors which impact the local context?
Alexandria has never received the number of tourists it deserves and statistics prove that the
number of tourists to the historical centre has declined a lot since both Egyptian revolutions;
25th of January and 30th of June. Moreover, it is rarely included in Egyptian tourism
programs.
The places around the cultural attractions are not well planned; they lack different facilities
and suffer from street vendors, crowd and slums.
Tourists cannot walk freely and might get annoyed.
The surrounding places of cultural attractions, therefore, need to be better planned and more
facilities provided. The local community need to get involved and benefitted from tourism.
Hence, their tourism awareness and respect to tourism and tourists will increase obviously.
As for the third question: Which is the state of art of cultural attractions/resources in terms
of conservation/usability?
Most of the interviewees stated that most of the cultural attractions are well preserved and
attract many visitors. However, few of them mentioned the problem of underground water in
tombs and the misuse of old historical buildings with heritage value. In addition few
attractions are closed like the Greco-Roman museum for almost ten years.
As for the fourth question: What do you think are instead the strengths and main
opportunities to develop a sustainable tourism of your historic centre?
Being located on the Mediterranean, the historical centre benefits from this natural resource
as well as the sun and good weather. It is considered as the city centre or down town where
many facilities are available. Several historical eras are found within a close proximity which is
rarely present in any other nation. To be more accurate, the presence of interrelating
historical attractions from 7000 years onward. These are located at a near walking distance
and are accessible even by local means of transportation. This part of Alexandria is famous
with its old buildings with heritage value and their unique designs.
As for the fifth question: What are the most urgent interventions to be done to make
tourism sustainable in your historical centre?
-Local community should be involved in tourism, where its awareness should be increased
and benefits enjoyed.
-several authorities should cooperate and work together in order to put long and short plans
that solve the several problems facing the historical centre
- Slums should be removed and streets cleaned and replanned in a way that solves the
problem of traffic and crowed and street vendors and street children
- More facilities at the cultural attractions should be provided like the tour bus and signing
and labelling of directions, streets and cultural sites and their antiquities.
132
- Better marketing and promotion efforts should be provided and to include
this historical centre in tourism programs
- Better sound and light system as well as printed materials and audio videos should be
provided and the antiquities better presented
As for the sixth question: How do you imagine your historical centre in the next future?
All interviewees agreed that this historical centre was successfully chosen. They believe that
in the future this historical centre will put Alexandria on the Tourist Map as Urban Tourism
Destination and will certainly raise the levels of international tourism demand and hotel
occupation as well as the length of stay.
In addition, a community-based tourism development model for heritage tourism that
combines the historical sites with local community will be provided. This model should
provide opportunities for achieving the three pillars of sustainability:
1- Social: providing opportunity to community member to develop their skills to
participate in the STD and preserving their customs and traditions.
2- Environmental: through providing quick remedy for the current problems and set up
sustainable system to eliminate pollution and waste disposal.
3- Economic: providing economic benefits to the local community to small and medium
size projects or job opportunities for local community members.
4- The streets between the Catacombs' and Kom Eldekka can be modified in order to be
like "Elmoazz Street", where the tourist can walk freely and smell the scent of history
and enjoy the historical attractions at the same time, where old buildings are well
preserved.
2- Analysis of Historical center Residence Questionnaire:
1. The majority of the sample were females (60%).
2. 36% of the sample were aged 26 and below. 46% of the participants were between 27-49
years of age. 18% of the sample was above 50 years.
3. The residences of the participants were distributed as follows: 26% of the participants live
in the western district of Alexandria which extends from Elshatby to the borders of
Alexandria. 22% live in the center parts of Alexandria which extends from Elshatby till Bolkly.
The majority of the participants (42%) live in the eastern district of Alexandria which extends
from Bolkly to Maamoura. 10% of the participants come from governorates from outside of
Alexandria.
4. By asking the participants about the attractions they visited, it showed that most of the
participants (94%) visited Quaitbay Fort, 86% visited Bibliotheca Alexandrina and 84% visited
the Aquarium. A major part of the sample with equal percentages (58%) visited Montazah,
Pompey`s Pillar and The Maritime Museum. 52% of the participants were interested in visiting
Abou ElAbas Mosque and 48% of the participants visited the Greco-Roman Theatre, Elshatby
Cemeteries and the Jewelry Museum. Other places with less focus from the participants were
mentioned like Catacomb, Moustafa Kamel and Elanfoushy Cemeteries and the Opera House.
133
5.
MO ST V I SI T E D AT T RAC T I ON S
15
24
26
29
29
42
43
47
No. of visitor
When asked whether they were satisfied with their visit to the attractions, 50% found it was
acceptable and 34% were not satisfied. 54% were not satisfied by the usability of the cultural
attractions and 28% thought it was acceptable. 54% of the participants agreed that there was no
sufficient information available about the cultural attractions, while 28% agreed that the extent of
information available was acceptable. 32% agreed that the transport facilities to the attractions were
to some extent available while 50% disagreed about the availability of transport facilities to the
attractions. Although 28% of the participants agreed that the availability of information was
acceptable, 60% of the sample disagreed with that. 72% of the sample was unsatisfied with the level of
preservation of the cultural attractions, while 20% agreed they were acceptable.
SAT I SFAC T I O N O F T H E V I SI T S TO T H E AT T RAC T I O N S
3
4
5
18
10
1
0
1
2
3
5
7
8
9
10
11
14
16
15
14
13
14
17
14
10
18
2
19
1
THE GENERAL
THE KNOWLEDGE
THE PHYSICAL
THE ACCESSIBILITY IN
USABILITY OF THE
GIVEN ON THE
ACCESSIBILITY TO TERM OF EASE TO GET
C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E SC U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S C U L T U R A L R E S O U R C E S
INFORMATION
134
LEVEL OF
PRESERVATION
6. When asked whether they were satisfied with the urban management of the cultural attractions in
their country, 24% noted that it was acceptable while 70% were unsatisfied with the management.
7. By asking the participants about the problems related to the tourist attractions, 60% agreed on the
lack of information available, 82% agreed upon the lack of preservation and 28% were on the same
opinion concerning the unsuitable pricing policies of the tourist attractions. 22% of the participants
agreed on the deficiency in managing these sites as tourist attractions and also agreed upon the
unsustainable management of the attractions (44%). 74% of the participants agreed on the insufficient
funding and investments related to these places. Furthermore, 74% of the participants pointed out
that one the major problems lies in the lack of coordination between local authorities. Some
participants noted that there should be more marketing activities devoted to highlighting these
attractions to draw attention to them. Deterrent
11
14
22
30
37
37
41
MA I N P RO B L E MS
8. When asked about the weaknesses related to the tourist attractions, 52% agreed upon
overcrowding and 64% were on the same opinion that the attractions lack sense of dynamism and
vitality. Furthermore, 28% agreed that one of the main deterrents lies in the deficiency in employing
these places in tourism and the lack of sustainability (60%). Some participants noted that the
aesthetic appearance of the attractions is not highlighted and needs more attention. Also some of the
participants stated that one the main problems affecting the attractions is the proximity of these sites
to slums.
135
14
26
30
32
W EA K N ES S O F AT T R AC T I O N S
LACK OF LIVABLENESS
UNSUSTAINABILITY
CONGESTION
COMMODITIZATION
9. By asking the participants how they feel about tourism in their country, 36% were proud about it,
18% are welcoming tourists and 26% were aware of its importance. 20% of the participants were
annoyed and bothered by tourist activities in their country.
10. The educational level of the participants was distributed as follows: 6% PHD holders, 24% master
holder, 52% college graduates, 8% secondary school graduates, 6% elementary school and 4% other
degrees.
11. The occupation of the participants was distributed as follows:
16% unemployed, 6% retired, 26% students, 34% employees in private and public organizations, 10%
private business, 8% other.
Conclusion:
 By asking the participants about their opinion concerning the cultural attractions in their country,
it showed that the majority of the participants (with 30% highly educated and 52% college
graduates) were not satisfied with the management, preservation, accessibility and the extent of
information provided about the attractions.
 Most of the participants were interested in cultural and religious attractions on behalf of
recreational activities.
 The majority agreed that more work should be devoted to sustainability, preservation and
accessibility to the site.
136
3- Analysis of Tourist Questionnaire
1. The majority of the sample were females (52.5%).
2. 46% of the sample were aged 26 and below. 32% of the participants were between 27-49
years of age. 14% of the sample was between 36-49 years. And 8% of the participant was
between 50- 60
The tourist day tripper was divided to 13% from local tourist from other neighborhood (Tanta
& Monoufia) and 87% from abroad: the tourist are divided as follow 25.5 % from France, 21 %
china, 10% from Germany and Spain 4% from USA, UK and Malaysia and 2% from Japan,
Singapore, Syria, Ireland, Taiwan, Italy, Romania and Canada
T O U R S I T C O U N T R Y / N E I G H B O RHO O D
Tourist from Abroad
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
6
9
11
local tourist from other neighborhood
By asking the tourist if it is their first visit to Alexandria or not, we found that 73 % from the
tourist was their first visit and 27% they visit Alexandria before. Most of the tourist are
staying more than 2 weeks about 47% and 21% of them are staying for 3 days and 16% of
them are one day trip tourist, 14% are staying for one week and 2% of them are staying 2
week. 37% from the tourist are staying in Hotel 28.5 % are staying with their
Friends/relatives, 28.5% of them are renting house/apartment, 4% are in B&B and 2% are in
resident. Almost of the tourist (53%) are visiting Alexandria for Relax and culture
27% are staying for studying Arabic, 4% for training purposes and 14 % for business and work
purposes and 2% for Seaside. 54% of the tourist are choose to visit Alexandria depending on
advice from friends, 12% for scholarship and training, 12% for business and work, 4% are
choosing this destination from Specialized newspaper/ travel guide, 12% from research on
internet, 4% from travel agency and 2% from mass media.
137
When we asked the tourist if they are satisfied with their holiday almost of
them are totally satisfied with 30.5 % and also 30.5% are satisfied and 23%
are semi satisfied and 10% not totally satisfied and 6% totally unsatisfied
with their holiday.
When we asked the tourist of specify their satisfaction during their visit regarding
1-
The Usability of cultural attraction: we found that 47 % of the tourist are semi
satisfied and 23% are satisfied, 14% totally unsatisfied and 10% are totally satisfied
and 6% are unsatisfied.
2-
Facilities on place: 44% are semi satisfied , 21% are satisfied , 15% are unsatisfied ,
10% are totally unsatisfied and another 10% are totally satisfied
3-
Transports: 33% are semi satisfied, 20% unsatisfied , 18 % are satisfied ,17% are
totally satisfied and 12 % are totally unsatisfied
4-
Roads and highways: 27% are semi satisfied, 24% are unsatisfied, 21% are totally
unsatisfied, 18% are satisfied and 10% are totally satisfied
5-
Hotels 49% are semi satisfied, 28% are satisfied, 12% are totally satisfied and 11%
are totally unsatisfied
6-
Restaurants: 37% are semi satisfied, 35% are satisfied, 14% are totally satisfied, 8%
are totally unsatisfied and 6% are unsatisfied
SATISFACTION OF THE HOLIDAY
3 (semi satisfied)
4 (satisfied)
5 (totally satisfied)
24
2 (not satisfied)
14
12
13
7
6
3
0
3
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
7
7
8
9
10
10
9
10
11
11
15
15
16
18
17
22
23
1 (not satisfied at all)
138
By asking the tourist what kind of transport did you use to come to
Alexandria:
We found: 55 % are coming with mixed solution (plane + train, plane + car, train), 41% by
puother means of transportation and 4% by their own means of transportation
Through this questionnaire we found that 72% of the tourist are using public transportation
(Bus, Micro bus and Taxi) and 28% they don’t use the public transportation
By asking the tourist if they get good information on place about the following:
1- Accommodation: 35% are semi agree that they get good information, 23% are agreed
, 18% are disagreed , 12% are totally disagree and another 12% are totally agreed
2- Restaurants 41% are semi agree, 23% are agree, 14% are disagree, 12% are totally
agree and 10% are totally disagree
3- Public transport: 35% are agree , 31% are semi agree, 14% disagree at all, 12%
disagree and 8% are totally agree that they get good information
4- Cultural attractions: 32% are semi agree, 30% are agree, 20% are totally agree, 12%
are totally disagree and 6% are disagree
5- Cultural events 27% are agree, 25% are semi agree, 22% are disagree, 16% are totally
disagree and 10% are totally agree
I N F O R M AT I ON A B O U T S E R V I C E S
2 (disagree)
3 (semi agree)
4 (agree)
5 (totally agree)
11
6
7
6
6
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
11
9
11
12
13
14
15
17
15
17
20
1 (totally disagree)
ACCOMMODATION
139
RESTAURANTS
PUBLIC TRANSPORTS
CULTURAL
ATTRACTIONS
CULTURAL EVENTS
By asking the tourists about their main source of information, they rate the source of
information as follow:
1- Tourist office:
49% of the tourist they didn’t totally get their information from the tourist offices, 16%
they don’t get information from the tourist office, 19 % may get information from tourist
office, 3 % get the information from the tourist and only 13% of the tourist who totally
get their information from tourist office
2- Staff of Accommodation:
28% of the tourist may get their information from the staff of accommodation, 25% of
them get the information from the staff of accommodation, 16% of tourists didn’t get and
other 16% totally didn’t get the information through this way , finally only 13% of tourist
are totally get the information from the staff of accommodation
3- Residents:
29% of the tourist may get their information from the residence, 24% get the information
from them, 21% totally get the information from the residence, 16 % don’t get the
information from the residence and 10% totally don’t get the information from them
4- Other (Social media):
38% of tourist totally get the information from different social media, 31% get the
information from social media, 23% don’t get the information from social media and 8%
may get information from social media
M A I N S O U R C E O F I N F O R M A TI O N
2 ( don’t get)
3 ( may get)
4 (get)
5 (totally get)
TOURIST OFFICE
140
1
1
3
4
5
6
4
5
6
6
5
6
7
8
9
9
10
11
18
1(totally don’t get)
STAFF OF
ACCOMMODATION
RESIDENTS
OTHER(SOCIAL MEDIA)
By asking the tourist which cultural attractions did you visit during
your stay in Alexandria:
We found that the most popular places that the tourist visit it more are the Bibliotheca
Alexandrina & the citadel of QaitBay
C U L T U R A L A T T R A C T IO N S
3
3
CATACOMB
CEMETRIES
POMPEY
PILAR
MONTAZAH
PALACE &
GARDEN
1
3
7
17
20
No. of tourist
BIBLIOTHECA
ALEXANDRINA
CITADEL OF
QAITBAY
ROMAN
THEATER
ALEXANDRIA
NATIONAL
MUSEUM
When asked whether they were satisfied with their visit to the cultural attractions
mentioned above, 22% was acceptable for them and 3 % were not satisfied. The quality of
the cultural experience was acceptable for all tourists, 21% thought that the usability of the
cultural attractions was acceptable and 4% were not satisfied. 20% of the participants agreed
that there was no sufficient information available about the cultural attractions, 8% agreed
that the extent of information available was acceptable and 72% may be semi satisfied. 16%
disagreed about the availability of transport facilities to the attractions, while 13% agreed
that the transport facilities to the attractions were to some extent available and 71% may be
semi satisfied. 16% are satisfied by the accessibility in terms of ease to get information, 4%
are unsatisfied and 80% may be semi satisfied. 84% are unsatisfied by the level of
preservation and the of valorization while 16 % agreed by the level of preservation and level
of valorization. Finally 64% from the tourists are satisfied with the overall cultural identity
value while 36% are unsatisfied.
When asked whether they were satisfied with the management of the cultural attractions
in their country 44% noted that it was acceptable while 20% were unsatisfied with the
management and 36% was semi satisfied
141
By asking the participants about the problems related to the tourist
attractions and the most things needed to be improved we found the
following: 27% agreed on the lack of information available, 30% agreed
upon the lack of conservation and 7% were agreed upon the lack of valorization, 3% of the
participants agreed with the unsustainable use of the cultural resources, while 17% of tourists
agreed about the lack of networking for the culture offer and 15 % of the tourist mention one
of the main key problem is the lack of money , some other tourist mention two other
problem are the scheduling and the cleaning of the cultural resources
10
LACK OF LIVABLENESS
NOT PROPERLY
VALORIZED
5
10
22
W E A K N E S S A T T H E C U L T U R E A T T R A C T I ON
CONGESTION
142
UNSUSTAINABILITY
3
6
14
15
24
26
MAIN PROBLEMS
When
asked
about
the
weaknesses
related to the
tourist
attractions: 47%
agreed about the
congestion and 21
% of the tourist
state the lack of
livableness
and
the same opinion
21% of tourist
agreed that the
LACK OF
LACK OF
LACK OF
LACK OF MONEY
LACK OF
CONSERVATION INFORMATION
NETWORKING
SPENDING
VALORIZATION
cultural attraction
not properly valorized and 5% of the participants agreed that the cultural resources are
unsustainable. Some tourist state that one of the weak point is that the price for the foreigner in
some places is same like the local tourist.
UNSUSTAINABLE
USE
The educational level of the participants was distributed as follows: 56%
Bachelor degree, 18 % master and 20% are high school diploma and 3%
from elementary school
The occupation of the participants was distributed as follows: 31% are professional and 14%
have public/ private employment, 10% are unemployed, 12% self-employed and 33% are
students.
SWOT analysis
Strengths
1. Availability of souvenirs around historical center
2. Availability of facilities (e.g police station,
hospitals, restaurants, café…etc) in the historical
center.
3. Attractive view of the beach
4. Different accommodation types and categories
are available (budget hotels to five star).
5. Different transportation facilities.
6. Various tourist activities (e.g shopping).
7. The historical center is a walking distance to most
archaeological sites.
8. Many old buildings with heritage value are in
good condition.
9. The historical center is connected to other
districts in Alexandria and easily accessible.
10. Some historical sites are well-organized and
preserved.
11-Wonderful weather all year round.
Opportunities
1. Possible coordination with local authorities for
preservation projects for the historical sites.
2. Adapt visits to carrying capacity measures to
preserve the historical sites and attain sustainability.
3. The historical center easy accessible to the
airport.
4. Nearness to the port.
5. Possibility of restoration activities of old buildings
with heritage and historical value.
6. The area around some historical sites should be
opened to street walkers and tourists.
8. New events in the historical sites could increase
demand.
9. Tour bus for sightseeing tours around the
historical center
10. The idea of open museum should be
implemented
11. More facilities and infrastrucure should be
present to accommodate increased numbers of
tourists
12- More attention from local authorities is given to
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Weaknesses
1. Lacking of tourist information office near to the sites to
answer tourist inquiries.
2. Lacking of up to date and satellite maps with the names
of the streets, squares.
3. Low preservation levels in the historical sites.
4. Overcrowding and traffic congestions in the historical
center.
5. No efficient label and sign systems, whether for streets
or tourist attractions
6. Lack of labels to describe presented antiquities.
7. Nearness of some attractions to slums.
8. Weak promotional activities.
9. The place is overcrowded with street vendors and
beggars. Lack of penalties to them
10. Lack of walking area.
11. No sufficient parking areas.
12. No efficient security systems and cameras in the
historical sites.
13. Unqualified employees in historical attractions.
Threats
1. Underground water could affect historical sites and low
maintenance activities in the historical sites
2. Conflict between different stakeholders around historical
attractions
3. Noise.
4. Lack of awareness of the local communities
5. Some old buildings with historical and heritage value
have been misused.
6. High population density in the historical center.
7. Smuggling due to lack of security.
8. Political instabilities in the country affecting tourism
demand.
9. low funding for restoration activities, employee training
and marketing campaigns
tourism in the city
13-More inspection should be available
14- More suitable pricing policies in the historical
attractions
15- Action plan for the development of Alexandria.
Provide opportunities for achieving the three pillars of sustainability:
1- Social: providing opportunity to community member to develop their skills to participate in
the STD and preserving their customs and traditions.
2- Environmental: through providing quick remedy for the current problems and set up
sustainable system to eliminate pollution and waste disposal.
3- Economic: providing economic benefits to the local community to small and medium size
projects or job opportunities for local community members.
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B. Territorial Report - prescriptive section: WHO DO WE WANT TO BE?
Solutions/interventions/measures to mitigate risk factors:
Risk factor
Environmental
sustainability
Economic
sustainability
Social
sustainability
Possible intervention
Underground water
Regular maintenance for the sites
and provide different source of
fund
Waste disposal
Waste management and recycling
Air pollution & Noise
Limiting vehicle accessibility and
organizing more walking area
around the historical sites
Risk on the heritage building
situtated on the Beach
Regular maintenance and provide
different source of fund
Lack of security in the historical sites
Provide more fund for applying
different security system
Lack of restoration activities
Provide more funding
Deterioration of economical
conditions ,leads to illegal activities
Developing laws to limit those
illegal activity
Lack of awareness of the local
community
Organizing workshops,
cooperation with local authorities
in descision making
Unqualified employees in the
historical sites
Training activity for the
enhancement of their skills
Presence of slums around some
historical sites
Provide them with homogenized
new residence
Street vendors
Creation of an open market to
collect all street vendors away
from the historical sites
Overlood on the infrastructure of the Provide more funding resources to
historical centerdue to the increase of
create new facilities and new
the number of tourist
infrastructure
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Appendix:
Appendix 1
Detailed of Governorate for the comparative study
Appendix 2
Interview with the Key Informants
Appendix 3
References
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