> ~500 GENERA EARTH ^ MOST DIVERSE ALGAE PHYLUM DISTRIBUTION ^ COSMOPOLITAN EARTH HABITAT ^ AQUATIC AQUATIC TERRESTRIAL TERRESTRIAL AQUATIC HABITATS P MARINE MARINE FRESHWATER FRESHWATER PHYTOPLANKTON PHYTOPLANKTON FREE-FLOATING OR SWIMMING PLANT-LIKE ORGANISMS PHYTOPLANKTON B PHYTOPLANKTON BENTHIC BENTHIC BOTTOM DWELLING PLANT-LIKE ORGANISMS BENTHIC E BENTHIC PHYTOPLANKTON EPIPHYTE EPIPHYTE PLANT GROWING UPON A PLANT EPIPHYTE ^ BENTHIC PHYTOPLANKTON EPIPHYTE E TERRESTRIAL HABITATS EPILITHIC EPILITHIC ROCK SUBSTRATE PLANT-LIKE ORGANISMS EPILITHIC E EPILITHIC EPIPELIC EPIPELIC SOIL SUBSTRATE PLANT-LIKE ORGANISMS EPIPELIC C EPILITHIC EPIPELIC CRYOPHYTIC CRYOPHYTIC SNOW SUBSTRATE PLANT-LIKE ORGANISMS CRYOPHYTIC ^ EPILITHIC EPIPELIC CRYOPHYTIC FOSSIL RECORD ~900 MILLION YEARS PRECAMBRIAN ? UNICELLULAR CHLOROPHYTA EVOLVE CHLAMY?OMONAS ^ CHLAMYDOMONAS ~550 MILLION YEARS CAMBRIAN EG MULTICELLULAR CHLOROPHYTA EVOLVE + PALEOPORELLA PALEOPORELLA ~ CODIUM CAMBRIAN ^ CAMBRIAN TRILOBITES ? CHLOROPHYTA CLASSIFICATION PLANTAE PHYLUM = ?HYTA CLASS = ?PSIDA EMBRYOPHYTE ORDER = ?LES FAMILY = ?CEAE TAXONOMIC STANDARD ENDINGS PLANTAE PHYLUM = PHYTA CLASS = ?PSIDA EMBRYOPHYTE ORDER = ?LES FAMILY = ?CEAE TAXONOMIC STANDARD ENDINGS PLANTAE PHYLUM = PHYTA CLASS = OPSIDA EMBRYOPHYTE ORDER = ?LES FAMILY = ?CEAE TAXONOMIC STANDARD ENDINGS PLANTAE PHYLUM = PHYTA CLASS = OPSIDA EMBRYOPHYTE ORDER = ALES FAMILY = ?CEAE TAXONOMIC STANDARD ENDINGS PLANTAE PHYLUM = PHYTA CLASS = OPSIDA EMBRYOPHYTE ORDER = ALES FAMILY = ACEAE TAXONOMIC STANDARD ENDINGS + E GREEN ALGAE TAXONOMIC STANDARD ENDINGS EXCEPTION PLANTAE PHYLUM = PHYTA + CLASS = OPSIDA ALGAE ORDER = ALES FAMILY = ACEAE TAXONOMIC STANDARD ENDINGS GREEN ALGAE TAXONOMIC STANDARD ENDINGS EXCEPTION PLANTAE PHYLUM = PHYTA ^ CLASS = PHYCEAE ALGAE ORDER = ALES FAMILY = ACEAE TAXONOMIC STANDARD ENDINGS L CHLOROPHYTA CLASSES CHLOROPHYTA CLASSES CHLOROPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYTA CLASSES CHLOROPHYTA CLASSES CHLOROPHYCEAE ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYTA CLASSES CHLOROPHYTA CLASSES CHLOROPHYCEAE ULVOPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYTA CLASSES VP VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION L CHLOROPHYTA PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST PRESENT FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION E CHLOROPHYTA PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST PRESENT FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE GRANA PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST PRESENT SUBAPICAL FLAGELLA “LAND PLANTS” VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION E CHLOROPHYTA PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST PRESENT FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE EMBRYO “LAND PLANTS” VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION > CHLOROPHYTA PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST PRESENT FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE EMBRYO EMBRYOPHYTES VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION ^ > CHLOROPHYTA PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST PRESENT FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE EVOLVED EMBRYOPHYTES EMBRYO EMBRYOPHYTES GENERAL CHARACTERS CHLOROPHYTA GROWTH FORMS UNICELLULAR MICRASTERIAS MICRASTERIAS COLONIAL MICRASTERIAS VOLVOX MICRASTERIAS FILAMENTOUS VOLVOX MICRASTERIAS SPIROGYRA VOLVOX MICRASTERIAS SPIROGYRA VOLVOX MEMBRANOUS ^ MICRASTERIAS VOLVOX SPIROGYRA ULVA CHAROPHYCEAE GROWTH FORM ? VOLVOX PARENCHYMATOUS VOLVOX PARENCHYMATOUS ? P VOLVOX PARENCHYMATOUS CHARA PARENCHYMATOUS PARENCHYMATOUS GROWTH FORM MULTICELLULAR 3D PLANT THALLUS PARENCHYMATOUS GROWTH FORM E VOLVOX PARENCHYMATOUS CHARA CHAROPHYCEAE VP EMBRYOPHYTES VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION ^ CHLOROPHYTA PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST PRESENT FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE GROWTH FORM IDENTICAL WITH EMBRYOPHYTES EMBRYOPHYTES CHLOROPHYTA CHLOROPLASTS 1 CHLOROPLAST/CELL MICRASTERIAS 1 CHLOROPLAST/CELL SPIROGYRA 1 CHLOROPLAST/CELL VOLVOX 1 CHLOROPLAST/CELL ULVA EG + VARIABLE SHAPE VARIABLE SHAPE MICRASTERIAS VOLVOX VARIABLE SHAPE VARIABLE SHAPE SPIROGYRA ULVA ? VARIABLE SHAPE VARIABLE SHAPE MICRASTERIAS VOLVOX SPIRAL SHAPE VARIABLE SHAPE SPIROGYRA ULVA MICRASTERIAS SPIROGYRA ? ? P MICRASTERIAS SPIROGYRA PYRENOIDS PYRENOIDS PYRENOID + PYRENOID COVERTS GLUCOSE TO STARCH PYRENOID + PYRENOID COVERTS GLUCOSE TO STARCH --PRESENT OR ABSENT PYRENOID P SPIROGYRA CHARA A PYRENOIDS PRESENT SPIROGYRA CHARA ^ PYRENOIDS PRESENT SPIROGYRA PYRENOIDS ABSENT CHARA ? CHAROPHYCEAE CHLOROPLASTS CHARA ? CHLOROPLAST CHAROPHYCEAE L.S. + CHARA COLEOCHAETE CHLOROPLAST CHAROPHYCEAE L.S. ? CHARA COLEOCHAETE CHLOROPLAST THYLAKOID CHAROPHYCEAE L.S. G CHARA COLEOCHAETE CHLOROPLAST ? CHAROPHYCEAE L.S. G CHARA COLEOCHAETE CHLOROPLAST GRANA CHAROPHYCEAE L.S. GRANA GRANA + STACKED THYLAKOID VESICLES GRANA GRANA + ! STACKED THYLAKOID VESICLES --RESTRICTED CHAROPHYCEAE GRANA EG CHARA COLEOCHAETE CHLOROPLAST GRANA RESTRICTED CHAROPHYCEAE L.S.
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