OECD DAC Statistics & Rio Markers
for Measuring & Monitoring Aid to
Desertification
Valérie Gaveau & Stephanie Ockenden, DCD
29h April 2014
Outline
1.
Introduction: overview of resource flows covered in DAC
statistics, and environmental statistics
2.
Rio markers:
•
key features
•
desertification marker
•
patterns & trends in desertification-related Aid
3.
Task Team on Rio markers:
•
goals and overview
•
priorities for developing options for improvement
•
proposals to improve the use of Rio marker data for reporting to
international conventions
1. Introduction: overview of resource
flows covered in DAC statistics:
From
Countries
Concessional
Non-concessional
Official
ODA
Other official flows
Private
NGOs, foundations,
etc
Private flows at
market terms
Concessional
Non-concessional
From Multilateral
Agencies
Multilateral
Agencies
1. Introduction: scope of non-ODA
workstream
Concessional
Non-concessional
Official
ODA
Other official flows
Private
NGOs, foundations,
etc
Private flows at
market terms
Beyond DAC
statistics
Remittances
Guarantees
1. Introduction to DAC environmental statistics
The OECD’s DAC has been measuring and monitoring official development finance for
environmental purposes for over three decades, including finance targeted at global
environmental issues, such as the objectives of the Rio conventions on biodiversity,
climate change and desertification, as well as local environmental objectives.
There are five environmental markers within the OECD DAC Creditor Reporting System
(CRS).
•
•
•
the ‘environment marker’, introduced in 1992;
the ‘Rio markers’ for climate change mitigation, biodiversity, and desertification, introduced
in 1998;
the ‘Rio marker’ for climate change adaptation, introduced in 2010.
Statistics are important to:
enable development finance to be allocated and channelled more effectively
hold developed countries to account on their international commitments
2. Rio markers: key features
Definitions and Eligibility criteria
Mark
objective
significant
as
either
principal
or
Activity level information, publically available
Allows tracking of multiple objectives whilst
avoiding double counting
For further information: http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/rioconventions.htm
2. Rio Marker for Desertification
Definition & Eligibility Criteria
Definition:
• It aims at combating desertification or mitigating the effects of drought in
arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas through prevention and/or
reduction of land degradation, rehabilitation of partly degraded land, or
reclamation of desertified land.
Criteria for Eligibility:
The activity contributes to:
a) protecting or enhancing dryland ecosystems or remedying existing
environmental damage; or
b) integration of desertification concerns with recipient countries’
development objectives through institution building, capacity
development, strengthening the regulatory and policy framework, or
research; or
c) developing countries’ efforts to meet their obligations under the
Convention.
7
2. Desertification-related aid has been increasing….
Trends in desertification-related aid, 3-year annual averages
2004-2012, bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices
Principal objective (including in support of an action programme)
Significant objective
% of total ODA
3.5
USD billion
3.0
2.3%
2.5
2.0
2.0%
1.6%
1.7%
1.5
1.0%
1.0
0.5
0.0
Share of total ODA
3.0%
0.0%
2004-06
2007-09
2010-12
Total bilateral desertification-related aid by members of the OECD’s Development
Assistance Committee (DAC) has increased over the past decade, reaching USD
2.9 billion on average per year in 2010-12, representing 2.3% of total official
development assistance.
For 80% of the activities (USD 2.3bn), desertification was the significant objective;
for the remainder (USD 0.6bn) it was a principal objective.
2. Patterns in desertification-related aid…
Geographic regions receiving
desertification-related aid
2010-2012, bilateral commitments
Europe
1%
Unspecified
19%
Desertification-related aid by instrument
Average 2010-12, bilateral commitments, USD billion,
constant 2012 prices
ODA Loans,
0.4 bn,
14%
Africa
35%
Oceania
3%
America
15%
ODA Grants,
2.5 bn,
86%
Asia
27%
•
Top 10 recipients: India, Ethiopia, Vietnam,
Philippines, Kenya, Afghanistan, Burkina Faso,
Honduras, Indonesia, Mozambique
•
High proportion of grants
2. Top 10 DAC Members contribute 90% of total
desertification-related ODA
Top 10 donors of desertification-related aid
Average 2010-2012, bilateral commitments, USD million, constant 2012 prices
% of total ODA
700
12%
600
10% 10%
9%
500
USD million
Significant objective
8%
8%
8%
8%
400
6%
5%
300
200
4%
3%
2%
100
0
2%
4%
2%
0%
Share of total ODA commitments by donor
Principal objective (including in support of an action programme)
3. ENVIRONET-WP-STAT Task Team:
Improving Rio markers, environment and development finance statistics
Goal: ensure DAC methodologies and data remain a reference for the international
community
•
•
ODA and non-export credit Other Official Flows targeting environmental objectives
Initial focus first on climate change but to also take a holistic view
Approach:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Identify options to improve the quality and robustness of the Rio markers
Improved communication and outreach
Clarify information needs working with relevant international communities & explore how
to build on the existing DAC system and data
Increasing transparency and accountability in donor reporting to Rio Convention’s
Provide evidence, information and options in a timely manner to inform key
international discussions and support good outcomes
3. First Task Team meeting agreed priorities and work plan
for taking forward analysis of options for improvement
• Quality: Members’ improving reporting to DAC, and options to improve
the Rio marker definitions - but no fundamental change in methodology;
• Coverage: improving the reconciliation of “green” multilateral finance
flows within DAC statistics, through collaboration with MDBs, and to
develop a system for attributing multilateral climate finance;
• Use: Exploring options and analytical basis for developing a harmonised
methodology for how to use Rio marker data for reporting to the
Conventions, and for continued co-operation
• Communication: Improving the communication, user access and online
profile of the OECD DAC environmental data, including by providing
training to partner countries on how to access and draw on the data.
3. Proposals to improve the use of Rio marker data for reporting
against quantitative financial targets & to international conventions
O19. Recognising the quantitative nature of reporting requirements for the Conventions,
explore the options and basis for developing a harmonised methodology for how to
use Rio marker data for reporting to the Conventions, and provide options or
recommendations, for example:
i. to transform Rio marker data for other reporting purposes, including through use of coefficients or
other options for greater granularity.
ii. treatment of overlap to improve comparability and aggregation/disaggregation of reported data, and
avoid amalgamation and double-counting across conventions,
iii. methodology and imputed shares to calculate multilateral climate/biodiversity finance attributed to
individual parties/donors,
iv. identification of capacity building and technology transfer in Rio marker-based statistics.
O20. Continue cooperation with Conventions on data standards and formats with a view
to recommending options to improve compatibility of data and reporting approaches that are
coherent and comparable, (e.g. same definitions of multilateral vs. bilateral, financial
instruments, commitments vs. disbursements), as needed for Convention reporting.
O21. Facilitate that the same data and data files can be used for both OECD DAC reporting
and reporting under the Conventions
13
The DAC and the Development Co-operation Directorate
For more information
OECD Environment and Development Homepage
www.oecd.org/dac/environment-development
OECD DAC CRS Rio marker statistics and analysis
www.oecd.org/dac/stats/rioconventions.htm