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Section 1: The Five Themes of Geography
GRAPHIC
•
Geographers view the world in terms of
the use of space.
•
Geographers study the world by looking
at location, place, region, movement,
and human-environment interaction.
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Section 2: The Geographer’s Tools
IMAGE
•
Geographers use two- and three-dimensional
tools to learn about the earth.
•
Geographers use computer-assisted
technology to study the use of the earth’s
surface.
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The Five Themes of Geography
Location
• Absolute Location is the exact place on the earth where a geographic
feature is found.
• Relative Location describes a place in comparison to other places
around it.
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Place
Place describes the physical features and cultural characteristics of
a location.
Region
Region describes an area of the earth’s surface with similar characteristics,
usually more than one. These may include physical, political, economic, or
cultural characteristics.
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Movement
How and why people, plants, animals, and ideas move through time
and place.
Human–Environment Interaction
People learn to use what the environment offers them and to change that
environment to meet their needs.
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The Geographer’s Tools
Globe
A three-dimensional representation of the earth.
Map
A two-dimensional representation of the earth.
Mapmaking
• Area is surveyed.
• High-tech tools, including satellites, are used to gather data and
create maps.
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Map Elements
Maps have elements such as a legend to aid in interpreting them.
Scale
This determines how much detail is shown on a map.
Grid
Gridlines help to determine absolute location.
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Projection
This shows the earth’s surface in two dimensions but distorts either
size, shape, direction, or area.
Types of Maps
These include physical, political, and thematic, such as qualitative,
cartographic, or flow-line.
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GeoGame challenge!
Choose a category.
Answer the question and
keep score of the points
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choose a different
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5 points
Places & Terms
10 points
The Five Themes of Geography
10 points
The Geographer’s Tools
20 points
Geographic Challenge
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Places & Terms (5 points each)
1. What are the imaginary parallel lines that circle the earth called?
latitude lines
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2. What marks the beginning of longitude?
the prime meridian
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3. What has 180º in each hemisphere?
longitude
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4. How may hemispheres be divided?
north and south or east and west
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5. What imaginary line separates the Northern Hemisphere
from the Southern Hemisphere?
the equator
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6. Which term is also known as a meridian line?
longitude lines
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7. Would a cartographer work on a map or a globe?
A cartographer would work on both.
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8. Why are map projections needed?
They are needed to represent our three-dimensional world in
two dimensions.
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5 points
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10 points
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10 points
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20 points
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1. How is absolute location different from relative location?
Absolute location gives an exact position of a feature on the
earth’s surface. Relative location describes the feature’s
relationship to other features on the earth.
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2. What are some examples of information that would be included
in a place description?
physical features such as rivers or mountains, human-made
features such as cities, highways, and cultural aspects
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3. How is place different from region?
Place describes what a location is like. Region describes how
places are similar or different.
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4. Why do geographers study movement?
Geographers study movement to understand how people,
goods, and ideas move from place to place.
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5 points
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10 points
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20 points
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1. What is the purpose of a map?
A map shows the locations of places on the earth and of one
place relative to another.
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2. How do satellites aid in mapmaking?
Satellites provide accurate data for a map.
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3. Why is GIS a valuable tool for examining the geography of a
place?
It enables geographers to view many different aspects of a
specific place.
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5 points
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10 points
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20 points
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1. Why was it necessary for geographers to develop a grid system?
Because the earth is round, it is necessary to create a method of
marking a location. Without the grid system, there would be no
accurate reference points.
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5 points
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10 points
The Five Themes of Geography
10 points
The Geographer’s Tools
20 points
Geographic Challenge