12/4/10
The Turbulent 20’s
E-Book Info
 
Website: http://my.hrw.com - EBOOK
 
Assignments:
 
 
Chapter 13: 1) New Directions for Women: pg 399b-400a
(answer questions in notebook)
Chapter 14: 1) Henry Ford: pg 416b-417a (answer question in
notebook) & 418b-419 (answer question in notebook)... 2)
Mass Entertainment: pg 424b-426a (answer question in
notebook)... 3) Religion in 1920s: 427b-429a (answer question
in noteb
1) THE RED SCARE
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Strikes Of 1919!!!
 
 
 
 
 
Workers wanted better pay & conditions, shorter hours
Seattle General Strike = 35,000 shipyard workers went on
strike... 60,000 other workers joined
Boston Police Strike = Went on strike after co-workers were
fired... chaos ensued in Boston
Steel Strike = 365,000 steel workers went on strike in Western
Pennsylvania... companies used Blacks and Mexicans to replace
strikers
United Mine Workers Strike = 400,000 coal workers went on
strike... organizer John Lewis was accused of being a Bolshevik
Marxism & Labor
 
Karl Marx wrote “The Communist Manifesto” (1848)  
 
 
Urged armed uprising of the working class to
destroy capitalism throughout the world
Communism = “From each according to his ability, to
each according to his need(s)”
Bolsheviks & Lenin used Labor Strikes to cause
Russian Revolution
Marxism & Labor
 
 
 
Americans thought Labor Unions were trying to
cause Revolution in U.S.
Eugene V. Debs ran for President 5 times as the
American Socialist Party candidate
Marx = violent revolution.... Debs = peaceful
revolution
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The Palmer Raids
 
1919... 36 bombs were discovered in U.S. mail
 
Public was outraged and demanded action
 
 
Attorney General Mitchell Palmer began raiding
houses
Deported many immigrants for “radical activities”
Sacco & Vanzetti
 
Both men were Anarchists & avoided Military Draft
in 1917
 
Charged with murder during a robbery in 1920
 
Men had guns when police arrested them
 
Judge found both men guilty
Sacco & Vanzetti
 
Judge’s Statement: “This man, although he may not
actually have committed the crime attributed to him,
is nevertheless morally guilty, becuase he is an enemy
of our existing institutions... The defendant’s ideals
are associated with crime.”
 
Protests of verdict formed in NYC, France, Italy
 
Both men were executed for their crimes
 
John Dos Passos (American Novelist): “We are two
nations”
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2) a nation divided
Rise of KKK
 
Ku Klux Klan reformed in 1915 @ Stone Mountain, Georgia
 
Carried out kidnappings, beatings & lynchings
 
New KKK grew out of South into North & Midwest
 
New KKK targeted Blacks, Catholics, Jews, Immigrants
 
Had 5 million members during 1920s
 
Helped elect officials in Louisiana, Oregon, Oklahoma, Texas,
Ohio, Indiana
Fall of KKK
 
By 1930 KKK had only 9,000 members
 
Decline in membership:
 
End of Red Scare, Economic success, KKK’s use
of terrorism & public investigations of KKK
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Anti-Immigration
 
By 1920... 25% of nation was foreign born/non-white
 
1919 = 140,000 immigrants... 1921 = 805,000 immigrants
 
Belief that immigrants took jobs & had anti-American ideals
 
 
Immigration Act of 1924: Excluded all Asian immigrants...
massively limited Southern & Eastern Europeans
1925 = 153,000 new immigrants from Asia, Africa, Europe
Mexican American migration
 
Immigration Act did not impact Mexicans
 
Employers in Southwest wanted Mexican laborers
 
During 1920s... 500,000 Mexican immigrants came to US
 
Left Mexico due to poverty, lack of jobs, political chaos
 
Went to Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, San Antonio, El Paso
Mexican American migration
 
Many worked/lived in Southwest Agricultural Labor Camps
 
 
“Shelters were made of almost every conceivable thing burlap, canvas, palm branches... We found one woman
carrying water in large milk pails from the irrigation ditch...
This is evidently all the water which they have in camp.”
In cities, parents worked in factories & young unmarried
daughters went to work... caused conflicts within family
cultures
 
“[the new independence brought] conflict with their parents.
They learn... about the outside world, learn how to speak
English, and then they become ashamed of their parents who
brought them up here.”
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Black Ideologies - Nationalism &
Equality
W.E.B. Du Bois
 
 
 
 
 
Created N.A.A.C.P.
Beleived in Black Equal
Rights in American society
Adopted Communist
political beliefs
Set up Pan-African
Congress
Poet, Author, Journalist,
Political Activist
Marcus Garvey
 
Created Universal Negro
Improvement Association
 
National Hero of Jamacia
 
Black Nationalist
 
 
Journalist, Publisher,
Author, Political Activist
Garveyism = Pan-African
philosophy of mass
migration to Africa
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Langston Hughes
 
 
 
 
Poet during Harlem
Renaissance
Creator of “jazz poetry”
Left Columbia University
due to racial injustice
Communist Activist, Poet,
Journalist
Black Ideologies - Civil Rights &
“By Any Means Necessary”
Martin Luther King Jr.
 
 
 
 
 
Southern Baptist Preacher,
Civil Rights/Political Activist,
Public Speaker, Author
Founder: Southern Christian
Leadership Conference
Advocated Nonviolence,
Socialist
Youngest winner of Nobel
Peace Prize
Inspired by: Gandhi &
Quaker Religion
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Malcolm X
 
 
Born: Malcolm Little...
Changed to: Malcolm X...
AKA: El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz
African-American Muslim
Minister, Author, Public
Speaker, Black Nationalism
Activist
 
Former Pimp & Drug Dealer
 
Member: Nation of Islam
 
Founder: Muslim Mosque, Inc
& Organization of AfroAmerican Unity
Tupac Amaru Shakur
 
 
 
 
Born: Lesane Parish Crooks...
Changed to: Tupac Amaru
Shakur
Mother, Father, Step-Father,
God Parents = Members of
Nation of Islam & Black
Panther Party
Actor, Poet, Musician, Dancer,
Rapper, Political Activist
Inspired By: Black Nationalism,
Black Panthers, Gang-life
WHOTS
 
Ideologies are never static. All current and previous
political/social movement have/had roots in past
movements.
 
Agree or Disagree
 
Compare/Contrast Tupac’s art, Malcolm &
Martin’s speeches with Hughes’ art, Marcus
& W.E.B.’s writings/speeches.
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