The Great Gatsby Chapter Notes Ch Chapter 1 Characters Nick Caraway • The narrator of the novel. – Tolerant, but reserves judgment – Is ambivalent towards Gatsby. While he hates Gatsby’s gross and vulgar materialism, he also admires d i the th man for f his hi dream. d His Hi “extra“ t ordinary gift for hope.” – Nick hates the “Eastern Eastern types types” and their “foul foul dust;” so at the beginning of the novel, he has moved back to the Midwest and removed hi himself lf from f society. i – “Gatsby turned out alright in the end.” Tom Buchanan • The upper class brute of the novel – He expects obedience from his subjects especially his wife. subjects, wife – Comes from “old money”. – Social Darwinism: the theory that the white race will prevail and overcome other races. – Is an adulterer, and is having an affair with Myrtle y Wilson. Daisy Buchanan • The naïve and pure woman of the novel. – Sh She ttoo comes from f “old “ ld money”. ” She often wears white. – She is Nick’s Nick s cousin and Tom Tom’ss wife. – We see her pain and cynicism through her daughter’s birth. Daisyy hopes p that she will become “a beautiful little fool.” Jordan Baker •The typical 1920s woman of the novel – She is a professional golfer. – Really, she serves no purpose in the novel, other than to showcase how a typical woman of the era may act and react to the situations of the novel. – Friend to the Buchanan’s Jay Gatsby • The main character of the novel – Our first glimpse of him is at the end of his dock, arms stretched outward, trembling. “Nothing except a single green light, minute and y that might g have far away, been the end of a dock.” Chapter 2 Characters George Wilson “a blond, spiritless man, anemic and faint less.” i. Owns his own garage in the Valley of Ashes andd embodies b di all ll that h it i entails; il he h is i dead d d inside, like a living ghost. ii Goes through the motions of life with no ii. spiritual center. He has no energy and no faith. iii. He does not understand the ppower of Tom and what he is dealing with when he tries to make a deal with him. iv. George will become very important at the end of the novel. Myrtle Wilson George’s G ’ wife if and d th the one who h challenges h ll the th purity it that th t is Daisy. i i. A sensuous woman; middle 30s; has the energy her husband lacks. ii. She becomes drawn to Tom as a lover who can take her away from the gray and empty prison of the valley. iii iii. Sh li She lives “violently “ i l l affected, ff d moment by moment” and allows T Tom tto control t l her h violently. i l tl iv. In order to see Tom, she must ride separate from the East Eggers. Eggers There is a façade of respectability between her and Tom. The Symbols-Chapter 2 • The Valleyy of the Ashes,, is located between the West Egg and New York City. It represents the moral geography of the novel and the anxiety, f frustration, i andd emptiness i off a post-war generation i cut-off from spiritual values by the shock of WWI. The Valley is home to the poor victims of the Eggs and New York City. The men are “ash” gray and “move through g the landscape p dimly y and already crumbling through the powdery air.” Doctor T. J Eckleberg. g What is left of his faded sign g hangs over the Valley of the Ashes, watching over p like the eyes y of God. His eyes y are blue the ppeople and gigantic; no face, but enormous yellow p over a non-existent nose. There is no spectacles known creator of the sign but suggests there is a p being g who no longer g cares about the ppathetic superior creatures below. New York. It is the center for corruption, where wealth and self self-gratification gratification openly meet. Here, Tom can flaunt his relationship with Myrtle. Myrtle The apartment scene represents how Fitzgerald felt about N Y New York. k E Everyone tries i to iimpress everyone else, and the lies flow freely . The CharactersCharacters Chapter 3: Jay Gatsby Young, handsome, polite. He drifted “coolly out of nowhere and bought a place on Long Island.” He lives on West Egg. i i. He is a paradox: both “rough rough-neck neck” and one who practices formal speech. His favorite saying is “old sport.” No one really knows who he is, or has seen him; all they know is that night after night, he throws elaborate parties. ii. Our job as the reader is to search through the vulgar, violent surface of this world to find the man beneath. Onlyy ggradually, y, do we get to know Gatsby at the beginning of the chapter through the eyes of his guests at his parties. iii Who is he? Did he go to Oxford? Is he a German spy? Or the iii. nephew of the Kaiser? A. Nick Caraway aa. Is “involved” involved with Jordan Jordan. He is attracted to her free spirit. She is dishonest, careless, and the type of woman Nick should not like. “Dishonestyy in a woman is a thing you never blame deeply.” i. We are led to believe that Nick is a hard worker and of a good moral character. “Everyone suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known.” ii.. N Nick c w will lead e d us towards ow ds uunderstanding de s d g w who o Gatsby truly is. While unearthing the immoral fibers of the East Eggers. Owl Eyes a. A guest at one of Gatsby’s parties, his glasses make his eyes seem bigger than they are. He notices the books i the in th library, lib andd how h Gatsby G t b has h nott cutt the th pages. i. He “sees” Gatsby for what he truly is and recognizes the façade that Gatsby puts on for his guests. guests He recognizes the theatrical nature of Gatsby’s parties. ii. References a man named “David Belasco” who wanted everything to be perfect and spared no expense to build on his materialism. The Symbols-Chapter 3 W Egg: West E An amusement park ride for those with new money who try to earn expensive prizes. It is a world ld off infinite i fi it hope h andd possibility. Young women with laughter like gold wait for the right man, and middle-aged women, tired of their husbands, search for lovers. Ambitious young men search for the right contract that h will ill bring b i them h instant fame and fortune. Gatsby’s Parties They are filled with brightness, confusion, magnificence, g , daring, g, vulgarity, g y, excess,, and excitement. These are the years before the Great Depression, and his guests use Gatsby for his lavish parties and amenities. The bar is stocked with “cordials long forgotten that most of his female guests were too young to know one from the other other.” Chapter 4: • The plot begins here in this chapter. We have been introduced to all of the main characters through three different parties. In this chapter, we now come to understand why they have all been brought together. To help protect y our priv acy , PowerPoint prev ented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable external content. The CharactersCharacters Jay Gatsby • Describes his life as a “young raja in all capitals of Europe”, collecting jewels and hunting big game. • i. i He claims l i that h he h is i from f the h “Midwest” id or San Francisco, which is a blatant lie. He states that his family is dead and that he graduated from Oxford. To prove himself, Gatsby shows Nick a picture of himself standing in front of the university, i it andd a medal d l from f Madagascar. M d ii. Nick does not believe a word Gatsby says, but respects his need to live the American Dream. Dream Nick also realizes how well New York City seems to suit Gatsby and his unknown business. Meyer y Wolfsheim • Is a model after the real-life bookie who helped fix the 1919 World Series Series. • i. Through Meyer, we begin to understand where Gatsby Gatsby’ss money comes from. He describes Gatsby as “the kind of man you’d like to take home to introduce to your mother and sister.” ii. Meyer is sentimental about friends, but not business. He wears cufflinks made out of human molars And is extremely uncultured due to his molars. need to speak about his boorish and ruthless battle for money and power. The Symbols Symbols-Chapter Chapter 4 The List • Serves no other purpose than to show who were at Gatsby’s parties. It is almost a mockery of the lists ones would find in great pieces of literature such as The Ili d or The Iliad Th Odyssey Od where h th the various i great warriors are listed to show importance All listed are self-made importance. self made men, men vast and vulgar, and all ultimately hungry to obtain what the East Eggers have; money. The Tea: • Jordan tells Nick the story of Gatsby and Daisy as if it was a fairytale. Daisy Fay, an 18-year-old girl from L i ill KY, Louisville, KY courts t a then th younger soldier, ldi Jay J Gatsby. After Gatsby goes off to war, Daisy marries Tom and continues her life of excess. excess Tom proves himself unfaithful, even on their honeymoon, when he has an affair with the chambermaid in Santa Barbara. Daisy does not think of Gatsby again until Jordan mentions him the day Nick comes to visit. • “Gatsby bought a house so that Daisy would be just across the bay.” --Jordan The Tea • • “Then it had not been merely the stars to which he had aspired on that June night. He came alive to me, delivered suddenly from the womb of hi purposeless splendor. splendor ” Nick responds. responds • • Nick realizes that Gatsby’s parties are not meant to be ostentatious,, but are a means to the fulfillment of his dream. Mainly, the need for the green light and its youth, love, hope and beauty. • At A the h end, d JJordan d asks k Ni Nick k to allow ll Gatsby G b to reunite with Daisy at his home. It is a day that Gatsby has thought long and hard about. Chapter 5 • Gatsby offers to help Nick make extra mone on the side and Nick turns money t rns his down, do n showing the immoral side of Gatsby The Day • 1. This is when Gatsby and Daisy reunite. A day Gatsby has been planning l i in i his hi mind i d for f a very long l time. i It I is i rainy, i yet stops raining i i just at the right moment for Daisy to enter. Nick’s grass has been cut, and fresh flowers have been brought over by Gatsby to create the right mood. d • a. Gatsby is a nervous as a schoolboy waiting for Daisy. When she finallyy sees him , he knocks over the clock;; symbolically y y stopping pp g time. • b. At first, Gatsby tries to make conversation, then tells Nick, “This is a terrible mistake. mistake ” Nick leaves to allow them time to reconnect, reconnect returning and find that this has, indeed, happened. Gatsby has recovered his dream and seems “radiated” and full of exultation. c The scene, c. scene overall, overall has a sense of comedy to it; funny yet not funny at the same time. The Shirts • The most tangible item Gatsby has to display his wealth l h to Daisy. D i She Sh sees them h as a sign i off affection, showing her extreme materialism. • a. a Gatsby has symbolically worn the gold hat at this moment. He bounced big, accumulating possessions for this moment, so that when Daisy sees them, she will cry out, “I must have you!” b. “They’re such beautiful shirts…It makes me sad because I’ve never seen such beautiful shirts.” shirts ” The princess is astounded for once in her life. The Green Light • The symbol for Gatsby’s dream at the end of D i ’ ddock. Daisy’s k G Gatsby b tells ll Daisy D i how h he h has h watched the light as a symbol for his dream, and now the light has become only a light and nothing more. Sometimes dreams are better left unfulfilled. There must have been moments, even th t afternoon, that ft when h Daisy D i tumbled t bl d short h t off his hi dreams. Not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitalityy of his illusion. It has ggone beyond her; beyond everything. Their Love • It is more beautiful beautiful, more intense, and finally, more painful. There is both joy p j y and sadness in a love as great as theirs. Klipspringer plays “Ain’t We Got Fun!” on the piano, creating dramatic irony for the moment, only because it is so different from what is actually happening. Chapter 6 • Fitzgerald needs us, us the reader, to begin to feel a connection to Gatsbyy in this chapter, so he gives us a glimpse into his past. Up until this point, Nick has only been able to give us what he knows as the narrator. G b ’ P Gatsby’s Past • He was born James Gatz to ppoor North Dakota farmers. In order to receive an education, he had to become a janitor and consequently, he quits school after two weeks. • a. As a boy, Gatsby dreamed of a better life, where all of his gaudy and bright fantasies would be fulfilled. He wantedd to bbecome a self-made lf d man Gatsby’s Past • b. Enter Dan Cody. Only he meets Jay Gatsby, not James Gatz. Immediately, Gatsby emerges as a liar and a fraud to exude the image that he is someone else; someone important. Gatsby leaves his family to serve Dan Cody. Gatsby learns from Cody about the “the good life”, learns to avoid liquor and use others for their money. Eventually, Gatsby’s inheritance would be taken away from him by Ella Kaye, one of Cody’s mistresses. • c. c Nick states, states “The The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his own platonic conception of himself. So, he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a 17 year old boy would like to invent, invent and to this conception, he was faithful to the end. The Visit • Nick finds Tom and the Sloan’s have dropped by to see Gatsby. Tensions are high between Tom and Gatsby and Gatsby tells Tom that he knows Daisy. Gatsby, Daisy “Women run around too much these days to suit me…theyy meet all kinds of crazy y fish,” sates Tom. • a. Mr. Sloan invites Gatsby to dinner out of respect, but never assumes that he will accept. Not the proper thi to thing t do d in i suchh high hi h circles. i l • Tom discusses Gatsby’s lack of etiquette and poor taste Simply, taste. Simply Gatsby would not know any better not having grown up in that culture. Quite representative of the West Egg Culture. The Party • Gatsby and Daisy have continued to see each other in private, trying to recapture what was lost. As a reader though, reader, though we know that the past can never be recaptured, and we find ourselves not totally trusting Daisy’s intentions. a. Tom, Daisy, and Nick attend one of Gatsby’s parties. The events of the evening are told to us by Nick, but are seen through Daisy’s eyes. b. Tom and Daisy argue over where Gatsby’s money comes from, and Daisy defends him with a lie. lie She captures Gatsby’s essence more than Tom’s merciless truth. The Party c. At the end of the evening, Gatsby is saddened by the fact that he thinks Daisy did not have a good time. Nick states, “You can’t repeat the past.” Gatsby becomes furious and recants, recants “Can’t repeat the past? Why of course you can!” We hear the desperation in his voice. • Gatsby wants to ignore that life is a process of change. If only Daisy would tell Tom she never loved him, then time could stand still. Gatsby wants Daisy to satisfy his platonic image of hi himself lf andd the th ideal id l self, lf which hi h he h associated i t d with his love for Daisy in Louisville in 1917. Chapter 7 • This chapter joins all major characters and geographical locations of the novel together in a final catastrophe. The Appointed Day • Gatsby has fired all of his servants to prevent them from gossiping about he and Daisy, and consequently all parties have stopped because Daisy is back in his life. His home is now filled with Meyer y Wolfshiem’s ppeople, p , reinforcing g his career choice to the reader. • Gatsby goes to lunch at Tom and Daisy’s where h meets he t their th i daughter d ht andd th the reality lit off their th i marriage hits Gatsby hard. The lunch is also where Tom sees the love between Daisyy and Gatsby G y surface; tensions are high. The Appointed Day New Y N York k sets t the th scene for f the th confrontation, f t ti just j t like lik the th party in Chapter 2. Plus, the group must pass through the Valley V y of Ashes to gget there,, ppassing g by y all of those they y have forgotten. The eyes of T.J.Eckleberg are “..keeping vigil” as he mocks the characters feeble attempts to hide f from th the truth. t th Th The eyes alone l see the th corruption ti andd the th decadence beneath the gorgeous façade. Jordan, Tom, and Nick ride in Gatsby’s y car and stop p at Wilson’s ggarage g for some gas. Myrtle is locked in her room and mistakes Jordan for Daisy. George tells Tom that he has become aware what his wife has been doing behind his back back, and thus plans to take them both out West. Tom’s world begins to collapse at this point. The Appointed Day • They y all meet at the Plaza Hotel where Tom confronts Gatsby about his Oxford days. y confronts Tom stating, g “Your wife Gatsby doesn’t love you. She never loved you. She loves me.” The Appointed Day • Gatsby and Tom both beg Daisy for her support. support Gatsby wants Daisy to tell Tom that she never loved him, and to deny the past. Tom points out “why, they’re things b between Daisy i andd me that h you’ll ’ll never know. k Things hi that neither of us can ever forget.” Daisy now finds herself turning to Tom, while Tom begins to shred Gatsby’s dream with the unveiling of his drug stores and bootleg operations. Gatsby has officially lost Daisy because the security of a husband, unfaithful as he may be, means more than a romantic relationship with Gatsby The party is over, Gatsby. over Tom has won, won and Nick realizes that it is his 30th birthday. The Appointed Day • While we identify with Gatsby, this is Nick’s novel,, too. The novel of his ggrowing g up like Gatsby growing up on Dan Cody’s yyacht. The summer events have taught g him about life in a way that no school book ever could. The final p phase of his education is learning about death. The Murder Michaelis, the Greek restaurant owner, tell us how Myrtle was killed. • Locked in her room, she runs out in the street y to be hit by y a car comingg from New York. only We see her lying in the road, her mouth wide p , her “…left breast swinging g g loose like a open, flap.” The M Murder rder • Fitzgerald wants to emphasize h extraordinary her di vitality i li at the h moment of her death and the desperate agony with which she tried to hold onto life. • Tom arrives with Jordan and Nick, sees Myrtle, and is just as devastated as Wilson. Tom knows that Wilson saw Gatsby’s yellow car and cannot imagine g that Daisy y might have been driving. The Aftermath • Nick has officially had it with the East and the people who live there. y waits in the bushes at the Buchanan’s • a. Gatsby home to see if Daisy is okay. He sends Nick over to check on her, and he sees Tom and Daisy eating together It is an ordinary domestic scene in sharp together. contrast to the drama that surrounds them usually. Nick realizes they have accepted each other and that Gatsby has lost Daisy forever. • Nick goes home and leaves Gatsby “standing there in the moonlight moonlight, watching atching over o er nothing.” nothing ” The dream is over. Chapter 8 • This chapter begins a few hours later. Nick goes to Gatsby’s G b ’ hhouse and d li listens to stories i about his youth, his courtship of Daisy, and hi experiences his i from f the h war. Gatsby’ss House Gatsby His memories of his ppast life with Daisyy are romanticized and perfect. a. Gatsby fell in love with Daisy, her house, and her possessions. i Plus, l the h fact that h everyone “wanted” d her, h increased her worth in his eyes. Regardless, he was a penniless man without a past, past and so he “committed committed himself to the following of a grail,” and made marrying Daisy his ultimate goal in life. b. Daisy promised to wait for Gatsby until the war was over, but she knew nothing of his past and future plans. Her need for love, love attention, attention and security drives her to marry Tom. The Autumn Change g The gardener informs Gatsby that he is going to drain the pool and Gatsby p y asks him to wait one more day y so that he can use it at least one time. • As Nick walks away, he yells to him “They’re a rotten crowd. You’re worth the whole damn bunch put together.” We realize that at this moment why the novel is called The Great Gatsby. Gatsby Nick disapproves of Gatsby from beginning to end. Disapproves of his vulgar materialism, his tasteless pink shirts, his connection with i h Meyer M W Wolfseim, lf i his hi love l for f a woman as shallow h ll as Daisy, and his pathetic efforts to win her back by showing off what he has rather that who he is inside. And yet, Gatsby is not part of the “foul dust” that is the Buchanans. The Autumn Change g • Hi His incorruptible i tibl dream d has h something thi pure andd noble bl about it, which sets him apart from the others. Tom, Daisy and Jordan belong to the “rotten Daisy, rotten crowd” crowd because they are selfish, materialistic, and cruel. They are without spiritual p values or compassion. p Gatsby, y on the surface, seems just as far away from beauty and grace. In reality, he is nothing more than a thug. And yet, in Ni k’ eyes, andd perhaps Nick’s h ours, he h is i worthh the h whole h l damn bunch of them put together. If only because of his total dedication to living out his dream dream. When the dream is gone, Gatsby has nothing else to live for. The Murder Complete Nick hears the story from Michaelis, the Greek restaurant owner and the newspaper reports. • Wilson was up all night with Michaelis as the eyes of Dr. Eckleberg “had just emerged, pale and enormous from the dissolving night into the morning sun. sun ” To Wilson, Wilson these are the all-seeing, all seeing all-judging eyes of God. The Murder Complete • He decides to play God himself and avenge the murder d off his hi wife, if who h he h is i convinced i d was killed by her lover. • He H goes tto Tom T andd asks k who h drives di a yellow ll coupe. Tom explains it was Gatsby. Wilson goes to Gatsby Gatsby’ss home home, sees him lying in the pool on a raft, and then shoots Gatsby, followed by himself. The tragedy g y is complete. p Final Thought • “He must have looked up at an unfamiliar sky y through g frightening g g leaves and shivered as he found what a grotesque thing a rose is an how raw the sunlight g was upon p the scarcely created. A new world, material without being g real,, where poor p ghosts, g , breathing dreams like air, drifted fortuitously y about…” Final Thought • For Gatsby, the world is material without being g real. It is somethingg he can touch and see and feel, yet is completely without g for him. meaning • Gatsby lived too long with a single dream. Without it, it life has become absurd. absurd He was already dead when Wilson shoots him, because his dream had died died. Chapter 9 • This chapter covers the period of time from Gatsby’ss death until Nick Gatsby Nick’ss departure to the Midwest the next autumn. It allows Fitzgerald to tie up any loose ends and sum up the final significance of the novel with a final poetic passage that has become one of the most famous in American Literature. The Funeral • Nick tries to pull people together, but everyone has conveniently disappeared. disappeared Only Owl Eyes comes to the funeral; the one man who “saw” Gatsby for what he was from the beginning. g g • a. Mr. Gatz appears at the funeral. Like unto Christ, Gatsby has been scorned by the world and only his father seems to t care. • Gatsby’s father has followed his career, and had a picture of his house house. Mr Mr. Gatz shows Nick Gatsby Gatsby’ss daily schedule growing up. It reads like Ben Franklin’s almanac, and reminds us how deeply, even as a boy, he believed in the h American A i Dream off success. Gatsby G b must hhave believed that if you work hard, you can achieve all that you want. Is this true? Nick’s Departure • Nick ends his affair with Jordan rather apathetically because he cannot stand her Eastern attitude nor does he shake Tom’s hand when they attitude, meet on 5th Ave. Tom explains that he was the one who told Wilson that it was Gatsby’s y car. Nick can only turn and walk away. The Buchanans are careless people who “smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their creatures, money…and let other people clean up the mess they made.” Nick does not want to become a careless person, so he returns to the Midwest. The Final Passage • Nick’s final words transform the novel from the story of a small group of people at a moment of time to a portrait of an entire ti nation. ti • Gatsby believed in the dream, and Nick will always love him for it it. But what Gatsby never understood is that the dream was already behind him, “somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night.” The Final Passage • The Great Gatsby is not, then, just a book about the 1920s. It is a book about America, its promise, and the betrayal of that promise. promise Throughout the book, book Fitzgerald has contrasted Gatsby the dreamer with the “foul ou dus dust” that a ppreyed eyed on o hiss dream. d ea . Thee tragedy agedy of o Gatsby is that he still dreams the dream, but that he is not wise enough or strong enough to see that Daisy is not worthy of his devotion, of his sacrifice. • Nick steps back to see where Gatsby’s dream has gone wrong. And so, his education completed, he returns to the h Midwest Mid to bbegin i his hi new adult d l life.
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz