¡  The Earned Run Average (ERA) is the measure of the number of earned runs surrendered per 9 innings ¡  ERA = (9*ER)/Innings Pitched ¡  Looking at C.C. Sabathia in 2013: He allowed a career-­‐high 112 Earned Runs in 211 innings. ¡  ERA = (9*112)/211 ¡  ERA = 1,008/211 ¡  ERA = 4.78 (also a career-­‐high) The winning percentage (WPCT) measured by dividing wins by wins-­‐plus-­‐losses, or W/(W+L) ¡  Also last year, Sabathia won 14 games and lost 13. ¡  14/27 = .519 ¡  How does a starting pitcher get credit for a win or loss? ¡  He must pitch at least 5 innings and be leading (or trailing) when he leaves the game. If the result changes after he leaves, he does not have the result count on his record. ¡  How might winning percentage be deceptive? ¡ 
Innings pitched per start is another measure of effectiveness — if pitchers last longer, they can save relievers’ innings, and are generally giving their teams a better chance of winning. ¡  To find Innings per start, simply divide innings pitched (IP) by games started (GS). This only works for full-­‐time starters. ¡  Staying again with Sabathia, he pitched 211 innings in 32 starts. ¡  211/32 = 6.59 IPS ¡  You can also look at complete game percentage: 100*(CG/GS) ¡  For Sabathia: 100*(2/32) = 6.25% ¡ 
¡  By dividing the number of strikeouts by walks, we get a sense of a pitcher’s effectiveness when a ball is not put in play. ¡  Last season, Toronto pitcher R.A. Dickey threw 177 strikeouts and walked 71 batters. ¡  K/BB ratio = 177/71 =2.49 ¡  FPCT is a percentage of successful chances out of all possible chances for a fielder ¡  Formula: (Put Outs + Assists)/(PO+A+Errors) ¡  Dustin Pedroia in 2013: 254 PO, 429 A and 5 E ¡  (254+429)/(254+429+5) ¡  683/688= .993 ¡  What is a shortcoming in looking at Fielding Percentage? ¡  Another way to look at fielding, when evaluating careers, is to normalize statistics by dividing by 162. ¡  For example Pedroia has played in 1,014 games (G) at either 2B or SS (all but 6 at 2B), and has been part of 626 Double Plays (DP) ¡  The formula is: DP/G/162 = (DP*162)/G ¡  (626*162)/1,014 = 100.01 DP/162