Chapter 13
(p.300-)
<Understanding Key Terms>
Match the key terms to these definitions．
a. _____________ Automatic, involuntary response of an organism to a stimulus.
b. _____________ Chemical stored at the ends of axons; responsible for transmission across a synapse．
c. _____________ Part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates internal organs．
d. _____________ Collection of neuron cellbodies, usually outside the central nervous system．
e. _____________ Neurotransmitter active in the somatic system of the peripheral nervous system.
<Testing Your Knowledge of the Concepts>
18. What type of neuron lies completely in the CNS?
a. motor neuron
b. interneuron
c. sensory neuron
19. Which of the following neuron parts receive(s) signals from sensory receptors of other neurons?
a. cell body
b. axon
c. dendrites
d. Both a and c are correct.
20. The neuroglial cells that form myelin sheaths in the PNS are
a. oligodendrocytes.
b. ganglionic cells.
c. Schwann cells.
d. astrocytes.
e. microglia.
21. Which of these correctly describes the distribution of ions on either side of an axon when it is not
conducting a nerve signal?
a. more sodium ions (Na+) outside and more potassium ions (K+) inside
b. more K+ outside and less Na+ inside
c. charged protein outside; Na+ and K+ inside
d. Na+ and K+ outside and water only inside
e. chlorine ions (Cl-) on outside and K+ and Na+ on inside
22. When the action potential begins, sodium gates open, allowing Na+ to cross the membrane, Now the
polarity changes to
a. negative outside and positive inside.
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b. positive outside and negative inside.
c. neutral outside and positive inside.
d. All of these are correct.
23. Repolarization of an axon during an action potential is produced by
a. inward diffusion of Na+.
b. outward diffusion of K+.
c. inward active transport of Na+.
d. active extrusion of K+.
24. Transmission of the nerve signal across a synapse is accomplished by the
a. movement of Na+ and K+.
b. release of a neurotransmitter by a dendrite.
c. release of a neurotransmitter by an axon.
d. release of a neurotransmitter by a cell body.
e. All of these are correct.
25. Synaptic vesicles are
a. at the ends of dendrites and axons.
b. at the ends of axons only.
c. along the length of all long fibers.
d. All of these are correct.
26. Which of the following cerebral areas is not correctly matched with its function?
a. occipital lobe -- vision
b. parietal lobe – somatosensory area
c. temporal lobe -- primary motor area
d. frontal lobe -- Broca's motor speech area
27. The hypothalamus does not
a. control skeletal muscles.
b. regulate thirst.
c. control the pituitary gland.
d. regulate body temperature.
28. Which of the following brain regions is not correctly matched to its function?
a. medulla oblongata – regulated hearfbeat, breathing, and blood pressure
b. cerebellum – coordinated voluntary muscle movements
c. thalamus -- secretes melatonin that regulates daily body rhythms
d. midbrain – reflex centers for visual, auditory, and tactile responses
29. A spinal nerve takes nerve signals
a. to the CNS.
b. away from the CNS.
c. both to and away from the CNS.
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d. from the CNS to the spinal cord.
30. Which of these are the first and last elements in a spinal reflex?
a. axon and dendrite
b. sensory receptor and muscle effector
c. ventral horn and dorsal horn
d. brain and skeletal muscle
e. motor neuron and sensory neuron
31. The autonomic system has two divisions, called the
a. CNS and PNS.
b. somatic and skeletal divisions.
c. efferent and afferent divisions.
d. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
32. The sympathetic division of the autonomic system does not cause
a. the liver to release glycogen.
b. dilation of bronchioles.
c. the gastrointestinal tract to digest food.
d. an increase in the heart rate.
33. Label this diagram.
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＜解答＞
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