One Stop Shop For Educators The following instructional plan is part of a GaDOE collection of Unit Frameworks, Performance Tasks, examples of Student Work, and Teacher Commentary. Many more GaDOE approved instructional plans are available by using the Search Standards feature located on GeorgiaStandards.Org. Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 Unit Three Organizer: “FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS” (5 weeks) OVERVIEW: In this unit students will: • use fractions, decimals and percents interchangeably • order and compare rational numbers • operate with decimals, fractions and percents • use ratios to compare quantities and solve problems. To assure that this unit is taught with the appropriate emphasis, depth and rigor, it is important that the tasks listed under “Evidence of Learning” be reviewed early in the planning process. A variety of resources should be utilized to supplement, but not completely replace, the textbook. Textbooks not only provide much needed content information, but excellent learning activities as well. The tasks in these units illustrate the type of learning activities that should be utilized from a variety of sources. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS: • • • • • • Fractions, decimals, and percents can be used interchangeably. The relationships and rules that govern whole numbers, govern all rational numbers. In order to add or subtract fractions, we must have like denominators. When we multiply one number by another, we may get a product that is bigger than the original number, smaller than the original number or equal to the original number. When we divide one number by another, we may get a quotient that is bigger than the original number, smaller than the original number or equal to the original number. Ratios use division to represent relationships between two quantities. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 1 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: • • • • • • • How can I tell which form of a rational number is most appropriate in a given situation? When I multiply two fractions, how can I be sure that my answer is correct? When I subtract two fractions, how can I be sure my answer is correct? How do I find a common denominator? When I multiply one number by another number, do I always get a product bigger than my original number? When I divide one number by another number, do I always get a quotient smaller than my original number? What information do I get when I compare two numbers using a ratio? What kinds of problems can I solve by using ratios? STANDARDS ADDRESSED IN THIS UNIT Mathematical standards are interwoven and should be addressed throughout the year in as many different units and activities as possible in order to emphasize the natural connections that exist among mathematical topics. KEY STANDARDS: M6N1. Students will understand the meaning of the four arithmetic operations as related to positive rational numbers and will use these concepts to solve problems. d. Add and subtract fractions and mixed numbers with unlike denominators. e. Multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers. f. Use fractions, decimals, and percents interchangeably. g. Solve problems involving fractions, decimals, and percents. M6Al. Students will understand the concept of ratio and use it to represent quantitative relationships. M6A2. Students will consider relationships between varying quantities. c. Use proportions (a/b=c/d) to describe relationships and solve problems, including percent problems. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 2 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 RELATED STANDARDS: M6N1. Students will understand the meaning of the four arithmetic operations as related to positive rational numbers and will use these concepts to solve problems. a. Apply factors and multiples. b. Decompose numbers into their prime factorization (Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic). c. Determine the greatest common factor (GCF) and the least common multiple (LCM) for a set of numbers. d. Add and subtract fractions and mixed numbers with unlike denominators. M6M2. Students will use appropriate units of measure for finding length, perimeter, area and volume and will express each quantity using the appropriate unit. a. Measure length to the nearest half, fourth, eighth and sixteenth of an inch. M6A2. Students will consider relationships between varying quantities. g. Use proportional reasoning (a/b=c/d and y = kx) to solve problems. M6A3. Students will evaluate algebraic expressions, including those with exponents, and solve simple one-step equations using each of the four basic operations. M6D2. Students will use experimental and simple theoretical probability and understand the nature of sampling. They will also make predictions from investigations. b. Determine, and use a ratio to represent, the theoretical probability of a given event. M6P1. Students will solve problems (using appropriate technology). a. Build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving. b. Solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts. c. Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems. d. Monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving. M6P2. Students will reason and evaluate mathematical arguments. a. Recognize reasoning and proof as fundamental aspects of mathematics. b. Make and investigate mathematical conjectures. c. Develop and evaluate mathematical arguments and proofs. d. Select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof. M6P3. Students will communicate mathematically. a. Organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication. b. Communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and others. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 3 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 c. Analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others. d. Use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely. M6P4. Students will make connections among mathematical ideas and to other disciplines. a. Recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas. b. Understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole. c. Recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics. M6P5. Students will represent mathematics in multiple ways. a. Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas. b. Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems. c. Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena. CONCEPTS/SKILLS TO MAINTAIN: It is expected that students will have prior knowledge/experience related to the concepts and skills identified below. It may be necessary to pre-assess in order to determine if time needs to be spent on conceptual activities that help students develop a deeper understanding of these ideas. • • • • • Multiples and Factors Divisibility Rules Relationships and rules for multiplication and division of whole numbers as they apply to decimal fractions Understanding of common fractions Understanding of percentage SELECTED TERMS AND SYMBOLS: The following terms and symbols are often misunderstood. These concepts are not an inclusive list and should not be taught in isolation. However, due to evidence of frequent difficulty and misunderstanding associated with these concepts, instructors should pay particular attention to them and how their students are able to explain and apply them. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 4 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 Proportion: An equation which states that two ratios are equal. Ratio compares two quantities that share a fixed, multiplicative relationship. Rational number: A number that can be written as a/b where a and b are integers, but b is not equal to 0. You may visit www.intermath-uga.gatech.edu and click on dictionary to see definitions and specific examples of terms and symbols used in the sixth grade GPS. EVIDENCE OF LEARNING: By the conclusion of this unit, students should be able to demonstrate the following competencies: • use fractions, decimals and percents interchangeably; • perform the four basic arithmetic operations using rational numbers; • solve problems using fractions, decimals, and percents; and • use ratios to solve problems, including percent problems. The following task represents the level of depth, rigor, and complexity expected of all 6th grade students. This task or a task of similar depth and rigor should be used to demonstrate evidence of learning. Culminating Activity: “Science Fair Task” Students will be planning for a middle school Science Fair. STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING: • • • • Students should be actively engaged in developing their own understanding. Mathematics should be represented in as many ways as possible by using graphs, tables, pictures, symbols and words. Appropriate manipulatives and technology should be used to enhance student learning. Students should be given opportunities to revise their work based on teacher feedback, peer feedback, and metacognition which includes self-assessment and reflection. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 5 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 TASKS: The collection of the following tasks represents the level of depth, rigor and complexity expected of all sixth grade students to demonstrate evidence of learning. • Representing Rational Numbers on the Number Line Representing Rational Numbers on the Number Line Draw a number line in which 0, 1, 1/5 (one-fifth), and 1/4 (one-fourth) are marked. Choose one fraction, one decimal, and one percent that are between 1/5 (one-fifth) and 1/4 (one-fourth) on the number line. Make sure none of your answers is equivalent to any of your other answers. Explain how you know each of your answers is between 1/5 (one-fifth) and 1/4 (one-fourth). ********************************************************************************* Representing Rational Numbers on the Number Line Discussion, Suggestions, and Possible Solutions 0 1/5 1/4 1 Answers will vary. One possible solution: 1/5 = .20 and ¼ = .25. Numbers between .20 and .25 include .21, .22 and .23. I will choose .23 as my decimal. .22 = 22/100 = 11/50. I will choose 11/50 as my fraction. .21 = 21%. I will choose 21% as my percent. I know that none of my values are equa because they all have different decimal values. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 6 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 • Reaching the Goal Reaching the Goal After looking at the scale to the right… Michael said, “We have reached 5/8 of our goal.” Juan said, “I think we have earned about 60% of the $6,000 we need.” Fiona said, “We have earned about $3,500.” Nathan said, “You are all close, but none of you is correct.” Nathan is correct. a) Represent the amount earned as a fraction, as a decimal, as a percent, and as a dollar amount. b) Show how you know that the fraction, the percent, the decimal, and the dollar amount answers are all equivalent in this situation. c) Which 3 of the amounts are always equivalent to each other? Why d) Which amount is not always equivalent to the others? Why not? ********************************************************************************* Reaching the Goal Discussion, Suggestions, Possible Solutions 1. Students should notice that the diagram is divided into 8 equal parts. The shaded area covers approximately 4 and one-half eighths or 9/16. The amount earned is 9/16 as a fraction, .5625 as a decimal, and 56.25%. The dollar amount is 9/16 of $6000 or $3750. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 7 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 2. Students should show how they converted from one form of rational number to another. They should also show their work in obtaining the dollar amount. 3. The fraction, decimal and percent are always equivalent because they represent the same part of 1. 4. The dollar amount is not always equivalent to the others because the total dollar amount, which represents one whole, can change. For example, suppose the goal was $10,000 instead of $6000. Then the dollar amount would be different. • Multiplying and Dividing Multiplying and Dividing Which of the following are solved by 1/2 • 1/3 (one-half multiplied by one-third) and which are solved by 1/2 ÷ 1/3 (onehalf divided by one-third)? Explain your answers. a. How many cups of sugar do you need to make 1/2 batch of cookies if a full batch takes 1/3 cup of sugar? b. How many poster boards can you paint with 1/2 can of paint if one poster board takes 1/3 of a can of paint? c. How many cups of birdseed do you need to fill a bird feeder if 1/2 cup of birdseed fills the bird feeder 1/3 full? d. What is the area, in square miles, of a rectangular plot of land that is 1/2 mile long and 1/3 mile wide? ********************************************************************************* Multiplying and Dividing Discussion, Suggestions, Possible Solutions a. I would multiply 1/2 ÷ 1/3 because I need ½ of 1/3 of a cup of sugar. Multiplying by ½ is the same as dividing by 2. I need to divide 1/3 by 2 so I know that I am right. I need 1/6 of a cup of sugar. 1/2 • 1/3 = 1/6 b. I would divide ½ by 1/3 because I need to know how many one-thirds are in ½. 1/2 ÷ 1/ 3 is 1 and ½. I can paint 1 and ½ posters with ½ a can of paint. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 8 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 c. I need to divide ½ by 1/3 again. I know this because it takes ½ of a cup to fill the birdfeeder 1/3 full. That means I would need ½ cup 3 times. ½ times 3 is the same as 1/2 ÷ 1/3. d. This one is easy! I need to find the area of a rectangle. Everyone knows that the area of a rectangle is length times width. I need to multiply 1/2 • 1/3. • Dividing Rational Numbers Dividing Rational Numbers Write a set of directions for a younger student, explaining how to divide 1½ (one and one-half) by 0.25. Use a diagram and a written explanation showing why you divide these numbers the way you do. ********************************************************************************* Dividing Rational Numbers Discussion, Suggestions, Possible Solutions Area models are particularly useful to students who struggle with fractions and decimals. Students may convert 1½ to 1.5 and divide 1.5 by .25 using the rules for dividing decimals. They might also convert 1½ to 3/2 and divide 3/2 by ¼ by inverting and multiplying. In either case, a written explanation and a model should be included here. The model may look something like the following: Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 9 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 ¼ ¼ 1 whole ¼ ½ ¼ ¼ ¼ As you can see from the model above, when 1 ½ is divided into equal groups of ¼, there are 6 groups. • Taking a Break Taking a Break You are riding your bike on a trail that is 11 miles long. You plan to stop for a rest break every 2¾ (two and three-fourths) miles. How many rest stops do you plan to make? Justify your answer. ********************************************************************************* Taking a Break Discussion, Suggestions, Possible Solutions A number line is an excellent way for students to see this solution. They should also be able to see that they need to know how many 2 and ¾ units are in 11 or 11÷ 2 ¾ = 11· 8/11 = 8. • Reading Circle Graphs Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 10 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 Reading Circle Graphs a) The circle graph below compares the different ways that electricity is produced in the United States. Add the fractional parts and explain why your answer is 1 or why your answer is not 1. Explain what percent of a whole your answer represents. Other, 1/100 Nuclear, 9/50 Gas, 1/10 Coal, 11/20 Hydro-electric, 11/100 Oil, 1/20 b) Could you have a circle graph that has four regions, one taking up 1/8 of the pie, one taking up 3/5 of the pie, one taking up 3/20, and one taking up 1/10 of the pie? Explain why or why not. ********************************************************************************* Reading Circle Graphs Discussion, Suggestions, Possible Solutions a) 1/20 + 11/100 + 1/10 + 9/50 + 1/100 + 11/20 = 100/100 =1 Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 11 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 The answer is 1 because the labeled sectors cover the entire circle. The circle represents one whole or 1. 1 whole is 100% b.) 1/8 + 3/5 +3/20 + 1/10 = 5/40 + 15/40 + 6/40 + 4/40 = 30/40. 30/40 reduces to ¾. These regions would not cover the whole circle. They would only cover ¾ of the circle. • Area Models Area Models Draw an area model to represent each of the following operations. Use your area model to help you compute the answer to each problem. a. 6 · 2/3 b. 6 ÷ 2/3 ********************************************************************************* Area Models Discussion, Suggestions, Possible Solutions Answers will vary. a) A possible solution for 6 · 2/3 is shown at to the right. This model shows six rectangles with each having 2/3 of their area shaded. The results show 12/3 shaded which Is equivalent to 4 whole rectangles. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 12 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 c. b) A possible solution for 6 ÷ 2/3 is shown by the model with six whole units divided into thirds. Division means putting into groups. Therefore, we make groups of twothirds by shading them alike. There are nine groups of 2/3, so 6 ÷ 2/3 is shown to have a value of 9. • Dividing Rational Numbers Dividing Rational Numbers a) Without using a calculator, find 2/3 divided by 1/5. b) Using the relationship between multiplication and division, write a multiplication statement that proves your answer is correct. c) Invent a word problem for which your calculation in the solution for part (a) would provide the answer. ********************************************************************************* Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 13 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 Dividing Rational Numbers Discussion, Suggestions, Possible Solutions This task is used with permission from Achieve, Inc. a) 2/3 ÷ 1/5 = 2/3 · 5/1 = 10/3 or 3 1/3. b) Multiplication and division are inverse operations. Students should be able to apply this relationship using fractions. 10/3 · 1/5 = 10/15 = 2/3. Computing shows that the original computation is correct. c) A word problem that could be solved by the calculation in part (b) is as follows: It takes 1/5 pound of sugar to fill each restaurant sugar bowl. If you have 2/3 of a pound of sugar, how many sugar bowls can you fill? • Free Throws Free Throws Juan made 13 out of 18 free throws. If Bonita shoots 25 free throws, what’s the minimum number she has to make in order to have a better free-throw percentage than Juan? ********************************************************************************* Free Throws Discussion, Suggestions, Possible Solutions Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 14 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 This task is used with permission from Achieve, Inc. If Bonita makes S shots out of 25 free throws, her shooting percentage would be S/25. We want the latter being Juan’s success ratio. If we multiply both sides of an inequality by a positive number, the direction of the inequality is preserved. So let’s multiply by 25 to clear the denominator: • Ice Cream or Cake? Ice Cream or Cake? Suppose you survey all the students at your school to find out whether they like ice cream or cake better as a dessert, and you record your results in the contingency table below. a) What percentage of students at your school prefers ice cream over cake? b) At your school, are those preferring ice cream more likely to be boys or girls? c) At your school, are girls more likely to choose ice cream over cake than boys are? ice cream cake totals boys 82 63 145 girls 85 73 158 totals 167 136 303 ********************************************************************************* Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 15 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 Ice Cream or Cake? Discussion, Suggestions, Possible Solutions This task is used with permission from Achieve, Inc. 167 ≈ 55% , this means that a) We know that there are 303 students at the school and 167 of them prefer ice cream. Since 303 about 55% of the students prefer ice cream. b) Those who prefer ice cream are more likely to be girls since, in this survey, there are more girls who like ice cream than boys. c)To identify the group more likely to choose ice cream over cake, we first find the percentage of girls who prefer ice cream and the percentage of boys who prefer ice cream. 82 ≈ 57% of the boys prefer There are 158 girls total, and 85 of them prefer ice cream. Let’s calculate a percentage. 145 ice cream. Therefore, boys (57%) are more likely than girls (54%) to prefer ice cream. Even though an ice cream lover is more likely to be a girl than a boy, we cannot conclude that the chance of preferring ice cream is greater among girls than among boys. (This sort of false conclusion is common in public discourse.) Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 16 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 • Science Fair Task This culminating task represents the level of depth and rigor and complexity expected of all 6th grade students to demonstrate evidence of learning. UNIT THREE TASK: “Science Fair Task” Three middle schools are going to have a science fair in a gymnasium. The amount of space given to each school is based on the number of students participating. McKenzie Middle School has 100 participants, Wesley Middle School has 60 participants, and Thomas Middle School has 40 participants. a. Draw a rectangle that represents the floor of the gymnasium. Divide the rectangle to show the amount of space each school should get based on the number of students participating. Label each section: MM-McKenzie Middle, WM-Wesley Middle, or TM-Thomas Middle. b. What fraction of the space should each school get based on number of participants? Show how you know. c. Does McKenzie Middle get more space than the other two schools combined? Use fractions to explain. d. How many times more space does McKenzie Middle get than Thomas Middle? Show how you know. e. If the schools share the cost of the science fair based on the number of students, what percent of the cost should each school pay? Show how you figured these percentages. f. If the cost of the science fair is $300.00, how much should each school pay based on the number of students? Tell how you know. g. Kita tried to figure out the difference in the amounts that Wesley Middle and Thomas Middle paid and got $26,940. She knows that’s too much. Help her find her error: Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 17 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 Cost for Wesley Middle – cost for Thomas Middle = 60 40 × 300 − × 300 = 200 200 60 40 × 300 − × 300 = 200 200 90 − 40 × 300 = 200 89.8 × 300 = 26,940 h. What fraction of the cost should each school pay based on number of schools, rather than participants? Show how you know. i. Do you think it is more fair to charge the schools based on the number of schools or on the number of participants per school? How would you convince someone who disagrees? Standards Addressed in this Task M6N1. Students will understand the meaning of the four arithmetic operations as related to positive rational numbers and will use these concepts to solve problems. d) Add and subtract fractions and mixed numbers with unlike denominators. e) Multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers. f) Use fractions, decimals, and percents interchangeably. g) Solve problems involving fractions, decimals, and percents. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 18 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 M6Al. Students will understand the concept of ratio and use it to represent quantitative relationships. M6A2. Students will consider relationships between varying quantities. c. Use proportions (a/b=c/d) to describe relationships and solve problems, including percent problems. M6P1. Students will solve problems (using appropriate technology). a. Build new mathematical knowledge through problem solving. b. Solve problems that arise in mathematics and in other contexts. c. Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to solve problems. d. Monitor and reflect on the process of mathematical problem solving. M6P2. Students will reason and evaluate mathematical arguments. a. Recognize reasoning and proof as fundamental aspects of mathematics. b. Make and investigate mathematical conjectures. c. Develop and evaluate mathematical arguments and proofs. d. Select and use various types of reasoning and methods of proof. M6P3. Students will communicate mathematically. a. Organize and consolidate their mathematical thinking through communication. b. Communicate their mathematical thinking coherently and clearly to peers, teachers, and others. c. Analyze and evaluate the mathematical thinking and strategies of others. d. Use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely. M6P4. Students will make connections among mathematical ideas and to other disciplines. a. Recognize and use connections among mathematical ideas. b. Understand how mathematical ideas interconnect and build on one another to produce a coherent whole. c. Recognize and apply mathematics in contexts outside of mathematics. M6P5. Students will represent mathematics in multiple ways. a. Create and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas. b. Select, apply, and translate among mathematical representations to solve problems. c. Use representations to model and interpret physical, social, and mathematical phenomena. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 19 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved One Stop Shop For Educators Georgia Performance Standards Framework for Mathematics – Grade 6 Concepts/Skills to Maintain • • • • • Multiples and Factors Divisibility Rules Relationships and rules for multiplication and division of whole numbers as they apply to decimal fractions Understanding of common fractions Understanding of percentage Suggestions for Classroom Use While this task may serve as a summative assessment, it also may be used for teaching and learning. It is important that all elements of the task be addressed throughout the learning process so that students understand what is expected of them. • • • • Peer Review Display for parent night Place in portfolio Photographs Discussion, Suggestions and Possible Solutions Answers will vary. Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Unit 3 Organizer y FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, RATIOS AND PERCENTS September 20, 2006 y Page 20 of 20 Copyright 2006 © All Rights Reserved
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