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Mind Stretcher 10/3/16
1. ELK must fight over grass. This is an example
of:
A.
B.
Competition between species
Competition within a population
2. Why is nitrogen important to organisms?
A. It transports food
B. It cools the body
C. It changes substances to simpler molecules
D. It builds new cells
Earth’s Biomes
Chapter 20
Introduction to Biomes
https://youtu.be/hIy0ZlyPPDg
THE BOTTOM LINE:
 Biomes
are dependent on two very
important environmental factors:
 Average
Temperature
 Average Rainfall
 Biomes
are named after the dominant
type of vegetation (plants) associated with
large land areas.
 The three major land biomes are:
(1) Deserts, (2) Grasslands, (3) Forests
Celsius Scale
30’s Warm
20’s Nice
10’s Cold
0’s Ice
BIOME
Organizer
Heavy
Rainfall
Average
Rainfall
Light
Rainfall
Cold/Polar
Temperatures
Average/
“Temperate”
Temperatures
Hot/Tropical
Temperatures
BIOME
Organizer
Heavy
Rainfall
Cold/Polar
Temperatures
Average/
Temperate
Temperatures
Hot/Tropical
Temperatures
Taiga
Deciduous
Coniferous Forests
Temperate
Forests
Tropical
Rain
Forests
Prairie
Savanna
Average
Rainfall
Polar Grasslands
Temperate
Grasslands
Tropical
Grasslands
Light
Rainfall
Cool
Deserts
Temperate
Deserts
Tropical
Deserts
Tundra
Biome Map
Using
the World Map in the back
of your agenda, label the
following latitudes:
0
(equator)
Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees N)
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees S)
Biome Map
Color each biome according to the
number/color listed below:
1- Tundra (BLUE)
2- Taiga (Dark GREEN)
3- Grassland (ORANGE)
4- Desert (YELLOW)
5- Tropical Rain Forest (RED)
6- Deciduous Forest (Light GREEN)
Forests have these qualities:
1.
2.
A wide variety of plants, dominated by
trees.
Provides a variety of habitats for a
variety animals.
Layers of a forest:
EMERGENT
CANOPY
UNDERSTORY
FOREST FLOOR
Types of forests:
Tropical Rain Forest: constant hot temp., high
humidity, daily afternoon rains, poor soil,
hardwood trees, most animals live in the
canopy, most biologically diverse; near
equator
Animals- monkeys, birds of paradise, sloth,
tons of insects, snakes, gorillas
Types of forests:
Temperate Deciduous: moderate/average
temperatures which change a lot during
4 seasons, abundant precipitation, deciduous
trees lose their leaves each fall, soils are rich in
nutrients
Animals- deer, porcupine, hawks, raccoons, frogs,
turtles, owls, red foxes
**WE LIVE HERE!!!**
Types of forests:
Taiga/Coniferous: winters are long & dry, lots
of snowfall & short days, temps. range from
cool to extremely cold, dominated by
conifers/evergreen trees (“cone-bearing”)
Animals- moose, caribou, grey wolves,
lynx, grizzly bear, reindeer
Grasslands have these qualities:
1.
2.
3.
Precipitation is high enough to allow grass to
grow.
Droughts and fires prevent permanent forests.
Home to large herbivores and many burrowing
animals
Types of Grasslands
Savanna (Tropical Grassland): high avg. temps. with
a prolonged dry season of 4-6 months. Rest of the
year is a wet season. Scattered clumps of trees.
Animals- zebra, lion, leopard, giraffe, elephant, rhino,
warthogs, etc. (Think LION KING)
Types of Grasslands
Prairie (Temperate Grasslands): Strong,
continuous winds & rapid evaporation; Has
grass but few trees due to
fires/grazing/drought
Animals- bison, coyote, prairie dogs,
pocket gophers
Types of Grasslands
Tundra (Polar Grasslands): Most of the year the
climate is extremely cold with high winds & snow
cover. Winters are long and low precipitation
(mostly snow); Alpine tundra= top of mountains
 Permafrost = (frozen soil)
 Animals- mosquitoes, birds, musk oxen, arctic
wolves, caribou
 Plants- shallow rooted plants, grasses, shrubs,
mosses, lichens
Animal Adaptations…BRRR!
 DEMONSTRATION
with ICE WATER
Animal Adaptations…BRRR!
 How
this lab shows how animals stay warm even
in cold climates:
The shortening (vegetable fat) acts just like the
layer of fat that is hidden under the skin of
animals such as walruses, whales, and penguins
who live in cold climates. The fat is an insulator
meaning it does not allow heat or cold to move
in or out of an object quickly. The fat holds the
body heat in so the animal is able to stay warm.
Based on the activity Penguin Undercoat from VanCleave (2000).
Answer only
Mind Stretcher 10/4/16
1. Which of the following is NOT a way that nitrogen cycles
through the environment?
 Decomposition releases nitrogen into the soil.
 Plant roots take up nitrogen from the soil.
 Bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen back to a gas.
 Nitrogen is stored in fossil fuels.
2. Why is the carbon cycle important to living things?

It transports a material needed by all living things.
It converts nitrogen to a usable form.
It converts carbon from a liquid to a gas.

It transports wastes in organisms.


Deserts have these qualities:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Precipitation is low and limited
Evaporation exceeds precipitation
(Rain dries out very fast)
Light vegetation & clear skies
Most animals are small and
nocturnal (come out at night)
Hot days – Cool nights!!
How do animals see
in the dark? (TedEd)
https://youtu.be/t3CjTU7TaNA
Types of Deserts
Tropical Desert - hot all year, few plants,
wind-blown surfaces
EX: Sahara
Animals- scorpion, thorny devil, camels, etc.
Types of Deserts
Temperate Deserts - Daytime temp. hot in
summer & cool in winter
EX: The Mojave Desert
Types of Deserts
Cool Desert – Warm summers & cold, cold
winters
EX: The Gobi Desert
Animals- wolves, snow leopard, gazelles,
golden eagles, camels, jerboa
Brrr…It’s
cold here
Desert Food Web
https://youtu.be/5eTCZ9L834s
Password: Biomes
Coniferous
Deciduous
Forest
Mountain
Grassland
Rainforest
Freshwater
Tundra
Taiga
Marine
Desert
Password Round 2
Ocean
Permafrost
Salt Marsh
Biome
Mangrove
Marsh
Swamp
Dry Season
Algae
Brackish
Swamp