Unit 1 Study Guide Name ________________________________________ Date ______________________ Scientific Method Notes 1) What is the difference between an observation and an inference? 2) What are the two types of observations? Give examples of each type. 3) Define the following: o Independent variable: o Dependent variable: o Control variable: o Control group: o Accuracy: o Precision: 4) What makes a measurement tool more accurate? 5) Identify the variables in the following experiments Three redwood trees are kept at different humidity levels inside a greenhouse for 12 weeks. One tree is left outside in normal conditions. Height of the tree is measured once a week. IV: ____________________________________ DV: ____________________________________ CG: ___________________________________ Constants: _____________________________________ A student wanted to test how the mass of a paper airplane affected the distance it would fly. Paper clips were added before each test flight. As each paper clip was added, the plane was tested to determine how far it would fly. IV: ____________________________________ DV: ____________________________________ CG: ___________________________________ Constants: _____________________________________ 6) Measure the following amounts to the correct number of significant figures Significant Figures Study Guide Name __________________________ Date __________________ Set A: Determine the number of significant digits in each number and write the number in scientific notation. 1. 2605.40 __________________________________ 8. 9.0 ______________________________________ 2. 10, 733 __________________________________ 9. 2.36 _____________________________________ 3. 0.00420 __________________________________ 10. 7_______________________________________ 4. 990. _____________________________________ 11. 7.00 ____________________________________ 5. 325 _____________________________________ 12. 52,000 __________________________________ 6. 0.0004 ___________________________________ 13. 8000 ___________________________________ 7. 3000.0 ___________________________________ 14. 325.00 __________________________________ Set B: Round to the number of significant digits indicated. 1. 5.67498 to 1 sig. fig. ________________________ 6. 49.0385 to 3 sig. fig. ________________________ 2. 0.04102 to 3 sig. fig. ________________________ 7. 0.00794 to 1 sig. fig. ________________________ 3. 2.998 to 2 sig.fig. __________________________ 8. 0.006008 to 3 sig. fig. _______________________ 4. 26, 384 to 2 sig. fig. ________________________ 9. 825,066 to 1 sig. fig. ________________________ 5. 37.446 to 3 sig. fig. ________________________ 10. 30.0026 to 4 sig. fig. ______________________ Set C: Multiply or divide as indicated. Round the final answer to the appropriate number of significant digits. 1. 27.3 X 4.5 _______________ 6. 4000 ÷ 23 _______________ 11. 0.009 ÷ 7 _______________ 2. 4.68 X 400 _______________ 7. 30.0 X 25.00 _____________ 12. 6.14 X 30.5 X 500. ________ 3. 323 X 0.0002 _____________ 8. 4.1 X 6.22 X 5.478 _________ 13. 30,000 ÷ 3.004 ___________ 4. 4008 ÷ 2.763 _____________ 9. 32 ÷ 5 _______________ 14. 7.0000 X 0.003 ___________ 5. 69 ÷ 7.0 _______________ 10. 4008 ÷ 3.0 _____________ Set D: Add or subtract as indicated. Round to the appropriate number of decimal places. 1. 5.72 + 2 _______________ 6. 67.45 – 12.2 _____________ 11. 75.0006 – ϯ͘ϰϮоϴͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ 2. 500 – 79.4 _______________ ϳ͘ϭϯ͘ϳϬϴоϰͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ 12. 4005.2 + 0.6659 _________ 3. 0.006 + 0.04 _____________ ϴ͘ϳϲ͘ϲϮнϮϯ͘ϮϰϱоϰϬ͘ϭͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ 13. 20,623.1 – 839.54 + 11.8 ___ 4. 84.3 – 0.009 _____________ 9. 64 – 3.88 _______________ 14. 0.00516 + 0.003__________ 5. 66.3 + 27.008 _____________ 10. 5.05 + 6.2 + 3.89 _________ Dimensional Analysis Worksheet 2 Name: Period Date Use dimensional analysis (the “factor-label” method) to solve the following problems. Show all steps needed to convert from starting units to ending units. Indicate all relationships needed before setting up and solving the problem. Use any of the following relationships if needed: 1 mile = 1760 yds 1 yd = 3 ft 1 ft = 12 in 1 mile = 1.6093 km 16 oz = 1 lb 2000 lbs = 1 ton 1 oz = 28.35 g 1 kg = 2.205 lbs 1 L = 1.057 qts 4 qts = 1 gal 32 oz = 1 qt 1 qt = 2 pts 1 day = 24 hours 1 hour = 60 mins 1 min = 60 secs 1. A runner competed in a 5-mile run. How many yards did she run? 2. In the Tour de France, cyclists ride 3,653.6 km in 20 days. How many miles do they go? [Hint: watch for unimportant information!] 3. After a nice meal, perhaps you’d finish it off with a pound (1.00 lb) cake for dessert. What would the name of this cake be in grams? 4. In the US milk is sold by the gallon, while in Denmark it is sold by the liter. How many liters of milk would you need to equal one gallon? 5. If you go to school for 180 days each school year and each school day is 7 hours long, how many hours are spent in school in one school year? Turn over! Metric Measurement Conversion Instructions: Use the prefix conversion chart on page 2 of your reference packet to complete the following metric equalities. kg = g cm = m mm = m ms = km = kL = m L cL = mg = L g mg = mL = g L Mg = s g Use the prefix conversions chart and dimensional analysis (don’t simply “move the decimal point”) to convert the measurements below as indicated. You can use scientific notation for very large or small numbers. 1) 40 mL to L 11) 7870 mL to L 2) 5400 L to kL 12) 6.42 m to mm 3) 85 g to kg 13) 1850 cm to m 4) 52 mg to g 14) 11.4 km to m 5) 6300 m to km 15) 3 m to mm 6) 2.50 kg to g 16) 25 Mg to g 7) 18,600 g to kg 17) 74 cm to mm* 8) 544 mL to L 18) 835 mg to kg* 9) 1.92 L to mL 10) 425 cm to m *two-step conversions
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