Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 26: Urinary System Introduction
Name
1. Identify each of the following organs/structures of the urinary system and define their
functions
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Anterior view
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Describe each of the following functions oi the Urinary System
A. Excretion:^ qC^oAL
B. Elimination: \)l56-y!(rty£^ cf
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C. Homeostatic Regulation:
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III. Describe how the urinary system is involved in the following homeostatic functions of
the body...
a. Regulating blood volume and pressure-
b. Regulating ion concentrations of ions in the blood plasma
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c. Stabilize blood pH
d. Conserve nutrients
e. Assist the liver
IV. The Kidneys-General Info „
A. Location- 'f \2.
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B. SizeAVeight- iGrvV^lovG ^-•> S
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V. Anatomy ofthe Kidneys- Shade and label the following structures within the kidney:
Renal Cortex- yellow
Renal Lobe-pink
Renal Papilla- black
<
'e«'Son £duca(«n.
Renal Medulla-red
Renal Columns- green
Renal Sinus- brown
Renal Pyramid-blue
Minor and Major Calyx- orange
VL Blood Supply to Kidney
A. How much blood goes through the kidney?
izoo
B. Blood Flow- Use page 958 in your text for the following questions on blood flow into
and out of the kidney
1. Fill in the names of the blood vessels that are found in the kidney in the flow chart
below:
Renal A r t e r y ^ A ^ i ' Vter\G)-)C..r
W.
^
cortical radiate arteries
(?\Ci Vv^ r I,\\lC j'.'•;' fi^^ efferent arterioles ^ p-^Pi-t'ub
cortical radiate veins -> /\
U. \Jp jf 9 ^
-> Renal Vein
2. Label each of the above blood vessels in the diagrams below (omit efferent arterioles
and peritubular capillaries- these are not visible in these diagrams) and color them
red or blue to show oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood flow:
VII. The Nephron
A. What is the function of the nephron? Where is it found in the kidney?
Chapter 26: The Urinary System
.1
The Nephron (pg 957-963)
Name: Hu-A^::gr"
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Thefunctional units ofthe kidneys are known as nephrons. Nephrons are responsiblefor producing urine
andfinalizing its concentration before it is sent to the bladder. Answer thefollowing questions related to
these small but very important structures ofthe kidneys.
1. The two mmn structures ofthe nephron are the renal ( C \ ^
Wbw
.
2. What nephron structure houses the glomerulus?
and renal
C
3. The blood vessel that delivers blood to the glomerulus is the
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4. The blood vessel that leaves the glomerulus is the
5. After the blood leaves the glomerulus, where does it go? \Kl pS frfOX/T p\
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6. What key process occurs in the renal corpuscle? £
7. The product ofthis process is known as i""l
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8. Once this product leaves the renal corpuscleit travels into the
9. This part of the nephron is responsible for 3 crucial functions. Please list them below:
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10. The first part of the renal tubule is known as the
And is made ofwhat tvne ofepithelial tissue?
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What is the primary function of this part of the renal tubule?
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11. The next part ofthe renal tubule is known as theLo
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And is made of what type of epithelial tissue? SCiIVj.mQS "f C^\DC)'\ (}'Qh
What is the primary function of this part of the renal tubule?
12. The last part ofthe renal tubule is known as the HC I
And is made of what type of epithelial tissue?
What is the primary function of this part of the renal tubule?
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13. Once the filtrate enters into the renal tubule, it is known as
-Flu^'irf
Why the name change?
14. Usingthe largerdiagram of the nephron on page 976j to
ivj label
lauv./! the
iijt following
luiiuwiii^ on
uii the
Ulc diagram:
uiagicUJil.
Loop-of-Henle
Renal Tubule
Collecting Duct
Ascending Limb
PCT"
TTTT"
Renal Corpuscle
BCT
Thin Descending
Capsular Space
Thick A,..di.g
Bowman's Capsule,.
Glomerulus
Afferent Arteriole
Efferent Arteriole
DCT
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15. Where does the tubular fluid go after the DCT?
16. What happens to it there? [KCSi\jL (fj i/\^j?
f
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17. List 3 differences between juxtamedullary nephrons and cortical nephrons in the space below:
a.
b.
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626 Study Guide for Human Anatomy &Physiology
3. Figure 25.4 is a diagram of the nephron and associated blood supply. First,
match each of the numbered structures on the figure to one of the terms fol
lowing the figure. Write the terms in the numbered answerblanks. Then,
color the structure on the figure that contains podocytes green, the filtering
apparatus red, the capillary bed that directly receives the reabsorbed sub
stances from the tubule cells blue, the structure into which the nephron
empties its urine product yellow, and the tubule area that is the primary site
of tubular reabsorption orange.
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Chapter 25 The Urinary System 627
Efferent arteriole
erent arteriole
Arcuate artery
Arcuate vein
Glomerulus
Loop of Henle
Collecting duct
Tn terlnbnr nitfr)'
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Peritubular capillaries
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
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5.
10.
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15.
4. Circle the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings.
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1. Renal pelvis
Renal sinus
2. Adipose capsule
Renal capsule
3. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
4. Glomerulus
JG cells
Vasa recta
Glomerulus
Vasa recta
Glomemli
Major calyx
Renal fascia
Macula densa cells
Collecting duct
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Proximal convoluted tubule
7. Medullary pyramids
Minor calyx
Renal corpuscle
Peritubular capillaries
5. Cortical nephrons
6. Nephron
Renal pyramid
Long loops of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Renal pyramids
- Collecting ducts
5. Assign each of these urine-carrying ducts a number from 1 to 5, according to
the path taken by the urine (the urine first passes through #1, then #2, etc.).
1. renal pelvis
3. papillary duct
2. ureter
4. major calyx
Collecting duct
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Chapter 25 The Urinary System 629
3. Figure 25.5 is a diagram of a nephron. Add colored arrows on the figure to
show the location and direction of the following processes.
1. Black arrows at the site of filtrate formation.
2. Red arrows at the major site of amino acid and glucose reabsorption.
3. Green arrows at the sites most responsive to action of ADH (show direction
of water movement).
4. Yellow arrows at the sites most responsive to the action of aldosterone (show
direction of Na+ movement).
5. Blue arrows at the major sites of tubular secretion.
Then, label the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), distal convoluted tubule
(DCT), loop of Henle, glomerular capsule, and glomemlus on the figure.
Also label the collecting duct (not part of the nephron).
Figure 25.5
n
Anatomy & Physiology
Chapter 26:Renal Physiology
Name
Use pages 974-976 in the text to answer the following questions:
Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle):
1. What percent of the original filtrate has been reabsorbed by the PCT?
2. List two things that surround the Loop of Henle:
a.
b. ^;\vWo~
J/. Label the Loop ofHenle below with: thick, thin, ascending limb, desce^ingji
4. What two substances get reabsorbed from the Loop of Henle? 1
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5. Using arrows, label the correct location and direction of movement
of "a" and "b" on the Loop ofHenle to the right
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6. What separates the thin descending limb and thick ascending limb? "kr
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7. What is countercurrent multiplication?
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8. Describe the permeability of the thin descending limb:
(Pas^h^r Active Transport?
9. Describe the permeability ofthe thick ascending limb:
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Solute concentrations change as tubular fluid travels from the PCX through the Loop of Henle
to the DCT. Remember that the osmotic concentration (solutes) at the PCX is approximately
300 mOsm/L
10. What is being pumped outof thethick ascending limb into theperitubular fluid?
11. What effect does this movement have on the solute concentration (in other words, does
solute concentration go up or down?):
a. In the tubular fluid of the thick ascending limb?
b. In the peritubular fluid between the ascending and descending limbs?
J
12. What are the effects of #10 and #1 lb on the thin descending limb?
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13. What
coj^t^dio&ofee^thii^escending limb?
14. As tubular fluid makes the turn at the bottom of the Loop of Henle moving up the ascending
limb, what is true about the solute concentration?
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15. How does this solute concentration affect the transport of Na+ and Cl- into the peritubular
fluid of the medulla?
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16. Why can't osmosis occur in the thick ascendinglimb?
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17. How does this affect the solute concentration of the tubular fluid?
18. What is the concentration oftubular fluid by the time it reaches the DCT?'
ift'l
19. Uesoibe
an example of a positive feedback mechanism V, \
Below is a diagram of the permeability characteristics and solute concentrations of the tubular
fluid as it passes through the ncphron.
1. What are:
CORTEX
^✓""^utxjlar
STEPS:
•^Id from cortka!
nephrore,,,...—-
DCT and
rEP'aPCT
colieciing
ducts
^Aj^^OO-300
Nutrients
to'ciS'^'v
STEP1:
Gtomerulus
Electrolytes
.r 'STEP3:
,r
PCT and
descending
.?
Irntb
m*
*
STEP 4:]
'
TtliCk
rX^O
STEP 6;
* DOTand
K
asc^KTtng
Snib
collecting
ducts
i
.,L;;600
.
\
AOH
. * J ^ regulated
, •/
@ -Cotransport
(§) - Aldosteroneregulated pump:
= Reabsorption
= Secretion
r Variable
reabsorption
Henle
'step 7: y.l-:
.i^gqr^
Vasa recta
*
MEDULLA
2. Is this a cortical nephron or ajiuxtamedullarWephron? How do you know?
permeability
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MEWING VOlPPiiiiiPipif'
A. Urinary System Structures
Write the renal structure that the phrase describes.
sdiposCTapstil^^
paBilhayducts
majof caljTx —>
PMnorctJyx
Begharn-
mp^n-,ir\
renal fascia
renrf-pehlS^
renal hilus
-renal-columno
trnnl modullu .
jgnakcadmi-
renal papilla
renal-j^rrafflfds
"teBal.sinua
1. Urine-forming structure of the kidney.
2. Region ofkidney deep to cortex, contains collecting ducL
3. Extensions ofrenal cortex found in between renal pyramids.
P^ipdloTij
(
—rp.pb
rey)J nApiWf^
—4. Urine flowing through this structure drains into aminorcalyx.
5. Located between renal fascia and renal capsule
6. Apex of renal pyramid.
7. Urine flowing through this structure drains into the renal pelvis.
r^nc{i k;iu<?
8. Vertical fissure in concave surface ofkidney through which blood vessels and
ureters pass.
^ 9 . Covers outersurface ofkidney,
renP'j PrAo. LiJ2l
10. Dense irregular connective tissue that covers the adipose capsule and attaches the
kidney to the abdominal wall.
——pA1Receives urine fiom the major calyces.
12. Space within kidney that is adjacent to renal meduUa, contains calyces and renal
pelvis.
Or
13^ Cuplike structure that is located in renal sinus that receives urine from openings of
papillary ducts.
—DliiVi P<^
Cone-shaped structures located within the renal medulla.
f C}rfr. —15, Outermost region of the kidney, contains renal corpuscles.
619
3t
Exercise 28 Urinary System StreetHre and Fnnctien
E, Blood Flow Through the Kidneys
,race blood flow through the kidney. Start at the renal artery and number the blood vessels in sequence.
£_ 1. Afferent arteriole
u
2. Arcuate artery
i i 3. Arcuate vein
1. 4. Efferent arteriole
1
_
5. Glomerulus
6. Interlobar artery
7. Interlobar vein
Udi\ok.
\ ^ 9.
__ 10. Peritubular capillary
^ 11. Renal artery
13
IZ Renal vein
^ 13. Segmental artery
623
—
Exercise 2B
OrinarT System Strnctpre and FnnctiBn
621
C. The Nephron
V . •
<3
stnicture(s) to adescription. Adescription may describe more than one structure, and astructure may be used
more than once.
afifeueiiLaae^
capsular space
GoUectmg-ductS"
distal eoiivoluiahiuUnle
efferent arteriole
filtration
loop of Henle
papillary ducts
peritubular capillary bed
pgQJumaliConvoluUifl tubule
reabsorption
renal corpuscle
glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
secretion
glomerulus
vasa recta
— 1. Capillary loops that extend from efferent arteriole and run along loop ofHenle
of juxtamedullary nephron.
1^^"^^^^ajorsecretion region ofrenal tubule.
'^^'fe'A^o/ia^s^ve region of renal tubule.
^
4. ADH acts here to increase water reabsoiption.
5. Blood vessel that delivers blood to glomerulus.
fefe'^lood from the efferent arteriole flows into this capillary bed
( '
n^T
7. Aldosterone acts here to increase sodium ion reabsorption and potassium ion
secretion.
^p! p^
LOU
g. Structure that surrounds glomerulus and collects filtrate
9. Sections of renal tubule that descend into medulla.
10. Capillary network within the renal corpuscle.
11. Movement pfsubstances from peritubular capillary into renal tubule
0^-^ C/'f Q^-Ar^rAl 12, Suncture composed ofglomerulus and glomerular capsule.
13. Movement ofsubstances from renal tubule into peritubular capillary.
^
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14. Blood vessel that drains blood from glomerulus.
15. Process occurring across wall ofglomerular capillary and visceral layer of
glomerular capsule that forms filtrate.
ifiL
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p. Urine Formation and Flow
r
Trace the flow offiltrate and urine through the uiinaiy system. Write the structures in order, starting with the
glomeruius.
1. gomerulus
2. (2ApSi/W
capsular space
collecting duct
3.
distal convoluted tubule
4.
LOU
5.
m.
external uiethral orifice
6. C.C)\\eAk?^ A.LC-i-
7.
^ ckm^
loop of Henle
major calyx
minor calyx
papillary duct
proximal convoluted tubule
renal pelvis
ureter
urethra
s.
urinaiy bladder
9.
10.
f
npi^cl
uis
t
11.
Urv^r
12.
V>i\e<Qlcigr
13. iArc!H>rvx
14.
UrfAry.) ^r.,f
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/-V 2. IS %
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Cortical
nephron
1)
fxkt:
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1) Re^lor^liOii
- » «MA|f
he
J lA^k'V^
Juxtamedullary
nephron:,
/
Cortex-
pct^ u-w' C>tT, Ct)
}Air\^iW
3) ^e^-rcr^
IMedulla
hP
f 11
It- ' Collecting
l'il\:Ml
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P.,r j' papilla
Renal
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Minor calyx
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Papillary ducts
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