Annexure
Border dispute with neighbouring countries
Country
Bangladesh
Details of disputes and steps taken to resolve and policy initiatives
There is no border dispute between India and Bangladesh.
India and Bangladesh share 4096.7 km. of border, which is the largest land border that India shares with any of its neighbouring
countries. Both countries concluded a Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) in 1974, soon after the independence of Bangladesh, to
find a solution to the complex nature of border demarcation. The agreement was implemented in its entirety with the exception of
three issues pertaining to (i) undemarcated land boundary of approximately 6.1 kms in three sectors, viz. Daikhata – 56 (West
Bengal), Muhuri River – Belonia (Tripura) and Lathitila – Dumabari (Assam); (ii) exchange of 111 enclaves in Bangladesh with 51
Bangladesh enclaves in India; and (iii) adverse possessions. During the visit of the then Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh to
Bangladesh in September 2011, a Protocol to the 1974 LBA was signed which settled these three outstanding issues. Subsequently,
Instruments of Ratification of the Agreement were exchanged on June 6, 2015 during Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s visit to
Bangladesh.
China
China disputes the international boundary between India and China. In the eastern sector, China claims apprx. 90,000 sq. mts. of
Indian territory in the state of Arunachan Pradesh. Indian territory under the occupation of China in J&K is apprx 38,000 sq. mts.
In addition, under the so-called China-Pakistan “Boundary Agreement ”signed between China and Pakistan on 2 nd March, 1963,
Pakistan illegally ceded 5180 sq. km of Indian territory in PoK to China. The fact that Arunachal Pradesh and J&K are integral and
inalienable parts of India has been cleary conveyed to the Chinese side on several occasions including at the highest level.
India and China, under the agreement on Confidence Building Measures in the military field along the Line of Actual Control in the
India-China border areas, signed in November 1996 and subsequent protocol on modalities for the implementation of Confidence
Building Measures in the military field along the Line of Actual Control in the India-China border areas, signed in April 2005 and
Border Defence Cooperation Agreement, signed in October 2013, are committed to the clarification and confirmation of the Line of
Actual Control to reach a common understanding of the alignement of the Line of Actual Control.
The two sides have agreed to each appoint a Special Representative (SR) to explore the framework for a boundary settlement from
the political perspective of the overall bilateral relationship. The 18 th round of special representatives talks on the India-China
boundary question was held in New Delhi from March 22-24, 2015.
India and China have established a Working Mechanism on Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) on IndiaChina Border Affairs to deal with important border affairs related to maintaining peace and tranquility in the India-China borders
areas. A meeting of WMCC was held in Beijing on 8 October, 2015.
India and China are committed to resolve bilateral issues through dialogue and peaceful negotiations and in a fair, reasonable and
mutually acceptable manner.
Myanmar
There is no boundary dispute between India and Myanmar.
There are nine unresolved Boundary Pillars (BPs) along the India-Myanmar Border in the Manipur sector. Regular dialogue is held
between India and Myanmar on issues related with boundary demarcation and border management, through institutionalised
mechanisms such as Foreign Office Consultations, National Level Meetings (NLM), Sectoral Level Meetings (SLM) and Heads of
Survey Department meeting.
Nepal
Boundary strip maps covering 98% of the India-Nepal boundary have been authenticated and initialed in 2007 at the
Surveyor-General level, though they are yet to be signed at the plenipotentiary level. Issues relating to the maintenance and
management of the India-Nepal boundary are discussed in existing bilateral mechanisms at both senior official and working
levels.
Our unique, centuries-old civilizational ties with Nepal, based on shared geography, history, culture, language and religion and
characterized by close political relations, wide-ranging economic cooperation and deep-rooted people-to-people friendship, have
been rejuvenated since May 2014 with sustained interaction at the highest political level, including Hon’ble Prime Minister’s two
visits to Nepal in 2014. The India-Nepal Joint Commission was revived at the level of External Affairs Minister in July 2014. India
continues to maintain close engagement and bilateral exchanges with Nepal, as well as extend all assistance in accordance with the
aspirations of the people of Nepal, for peace, stability and socio-economic development of the country
Pakistan
India is willing to address all outstanding bilateral issues with Pakistan through bilateral peaceful means. However, continued support by
Pakistan to terrorism directed at us from the territory under Pakistan’s control has prevented creation of necessary environment. Government
has urged Pakistan on several occasions to fulfil its assurances, given and reiterated at the highest level, to put an end to anti-India activities on
its soil and territories under its control.
Sri Lanka
There is no border dispute between India and Sri Lanka
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