Match the parts of these sentences from the listening to complete ways of describing.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
You´re going to report
She also looks
She has two accountants working
David runs the business
Merilyn deals
-directly to me
-after finance
-under her
-on a day-to-day basis
-with strategy
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
Our Office Manager
He´s responsible
Roxane is in charge
My role is
He liaises
-takes care of personnel
-for building our product package
-of IT and Technical Support
-to manage Marketing & Sales
- with me in Marketing
Complete the electronic newsletter by using each preposition once.
on
in
alongside
as
under at
This month Wandar News is delighted to welcome Sam Shenton, our new intern. Sam, who hails from Boston,
will be working alongside Jake and Saidah in Marketing. Let´s give her a real Texas welcome!
Andy Highlands has moved from R&D. He is now working under IT Manager Roxane Pawle in IT and Technical
Support, a department which is scheduled to grow rapidly in the coming months. Good move, Andy!
Nexs of Jackson Tyler, our former IT Manager : after a short stay in Washington, working as Head of IT
at Sterns &Lowe, a large consultance, Jackson is now back in San Antonio, working in the leisure industry. He
hopes this is only a temporary position as he i salso working on a book about his experiences.
We wish him the best of luck!
Complete the anecdote by choosing the best tense in each case: past continuous (was/were doing),
past simple (did) or past perfect (had done)
A large corporation had just hired a new CEO. As the old CEO was leaving, he discreetly presented his successor
with three envelopes numbered one, two and three.
If you have a problém you can´t solve, open the first of these, he told the new CEO.
Well, at first things went smoothly, but after six months sales had fallen by 10% and the shareholders
were getting very impatient. The CEO was beginning / had begun to despair, when he remembered the
envelopes the old CEO had given him.
He went to his office, closed the door and opened the first envelope. The message read, „Try blaming
your predecessor“. The new CEO called a press konference and tactfully blamed the previous CEO for the
company´s problems. The shareholders and the press were satisfied with his wxplanations, and a fex weeks later
the CEO was relieved to see that sales had improved by 12%.
About a year later, the company was having serious production problems. The CEO had learnt from
his previous experience: as soon as he had closed
his office door, he opened the second envelope. The
message read „You ought to reorganize“. He immediately reorganized production, and the company quickly
recovered.
A year or two after that, costs were rising day by day and the company was in trouble again. The
CWO went to hhis office, closed
the door and opened the third envelope. The message read, „You might
want to prepare three envelopes“.
An intern needs hepl understanding a company´s work culture. Complete the advice structures using
ask, asking or to ask.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
You should ask your supervisor.
Have you considered asking your supervisor?
How about asking your supervisor?
It´s a good idea to ask your supervisor.
Have you thought of asking your supervisor?
You could ask your supervisor.
It´s wise to ask your supervisor.
Why don´t you ask your supervisor?
You ought to ask your supervisor.
You might want to ask your supervisor.
Have you tried asking your supervisor?
It´s imortant to ask your supervisor.
Complete the sentences.
1. The boss had done very well from himself, so he was proudly showing the executives around his
luxurious country house.
2. At the back of the house, he had built the largest seimming pool any of them had ever seen.
3. They had just started to follow the CEO towards the barbecue when suddenly there was a loud
splash.
4. Everyone turned around and ran back to the pool where the chief financial officer was swimming for
his life.
5. The crocodiles had almost caught him bhen he reached the edge of the pool.
6. He had / ‘d just managed to climb out of the pool when he heard the mouth of the biggest crocodile
close shut – snap- behind him.
Match the parts of these sentences to give advice to new employees.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
You should
It´s unwise
It´s a good idea
You should
You shouldn´t
-learn to set goals.
-to make too many personal phone calls.
-to learn proper meeting behavior.
-dress appropriately.
-expect to finish on time day.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
It´s a good idea to
It´s important
You shouldn´t
You should
You ought
-learn who does what and how things get done.
-to reduce stress by balancing your life.
-expect that you will like every task.
-accept responsibility for mistakes.
-not to neglect forming effective relationships at work.
Complete sentences
1 You mustn’t talk about your colleagues like that.
2 Yes, but she had a good reason to refuse.
3 You won’t get results from people like Maureen if you’re rude.
4 You apologize, or there’ll be trouble.
1 I think perhaps you should be more careful about how you talk about your colleagues.
2 You might want to think about why she couldn’t help you.
3 Don’t you think you might get better results from people like Maureen by being a little more diplomatic?
4 Why don’t you ask Maureen to have a coffee with you, and just clear the air?
5
Make these comments more diplomatic.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
You shouldn´t disturb your co-workers.
You won´t meet deadlines if you don´t prioritize.
Delegate, or you ´ll never finish the job.
You shouldn´t eat at your desk.
Don´t make personal calls at work.
If you ignore your colleagues, don´t expect them to help.
You´ll make yourself ill if you don´t take care of your life-work balance.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Wouldn’t it be better not to disturb your co-workers?
It seems to me that you need to prioritize if you want to meet deadlines.
You might want to delegate more if you want to fi nish the job.
I think perhaps you shouldn’t eat at your desk.
You’d do better not to make personal calls at work.
Actually, I think if you ignore your colleagues, you can’t expect them to help.
Wouldn’t you agree that you should take care of your life-work balance if you don’t want to get ill?
In each sentence below, two words are more important than the others. These two keywords
carry the stress. Underline the two kwywords that are stressed in each sentence.
1 I hear you had a problem.
2 Perhaps you should be more careful.
3 You ought to do the same.
4 I appreciate that you work hard.
5 I didn’t mean to be rude.
6 It can happen to anyone.
1. …a six month placement with Cambro Corp. in Littlehampton from February to July, under the
supervision of Mr Geoffrey Thomson, Marketing Manager. The objective of the internship was to
design, conduct and analyse the results of a market study to identify customer needs for a new
range of electronic gearboxes for industrial conveyor belts.
Cambro Corp. is a subsidiary of the HDE group based in New Jersex. The company has 4560
employees in its Littlehampton plant, and designs, produces and markets gearboxes for the North
American market. Founded in 1954, the firm…..
2. …and this experience was extremely valuable. I had not expected such a poor response rate to the
first mailshot. When customers were contacted by telephone, it became clear that many of them
had not answered the questionnaire simply because they had not understood the first question.
The order of the items was therefore modified and the response rate increased by 200%
3. …a long history of involvement in the local community. Cambro´s reputation as a company which
looks after its employees and which sponsors local sports and cultural events is one of its greatest
strengths. To obtain a similar result through media campaigns would cost millions. This aspect of
the company´s would be very helpful if…
4. …communication skills in particular. Developing and performing a market study in less than six
months was a major challenge. Fortunately, I was able to apply the knowledge I had acquired in
marketing in year two of my degree, and the results of my study were extremely well received. In
future, I think it would be very helpful if…
5. …including fhe following documents: A. Daily journal, B. Thank you letter to Mr Thomson,
C. evaluation letter from Mr Thomson, D. Résumé, E. Cambro brochure and sales literature
Read the extracts from Henry´s report and number the section headings one to five.
3 Observations about the company
5 Appendix
1 Introduction
4 Professional achievements
2 Experience from work placement
Decide which section above these topics should be in.
4 Conclusions
2 Analysis of successes and failures
1 Objectives of the internship
2 Details of your responsibilities
4 Analysis of what you learned
3 Evaluation of the company as a potential employer
4 Suggestions for the future
1 Description of the company and how it is organized
1 Practical details about the placement
3 Description of the company’s culture and policies
Choose the best verb from the bow to complete each collocation. Use each verb once only.
Identify
talk arrange
give sort out
escalate
exchange
diagnose
1 identify the symptoms
2 diagnose the fault
3 sort out a problem
4 talk the customer through the process
5 escalate the problem to the supervisor
6 arrange a visit from our technician
7 exchange the product
8 give a full refund
Match each verb with its opposite.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Connect
Insert
Lift out
Release
Replace
Screw in
Turn on
- disconnect
- remove
- push in
- fasten
- remove
- unscrew
- switch off
Complete the instructions for upgrading a PC memory.
First, switch on the PC. Do not disconnent the power cable, so that the PC remains earthed. Then
unscrew and remove the side panel. Next, release the retaining clips at each end of the old memory
module. Lift out the old memory module. Carefully insert the new memory module and push it firmly
into the slot. Fasten the clips at each end. Replace and screw in the side panel. Finally, turn on the PC
and check that the new memory is recognized.
Complete the sentences using the verbs in the box. The match them to the correct “translation”.
hang
speak call
get
hold
get
take
put
ring
1 Could you hold on a moment, please?
b) I’m in the middle of an interesting conversation.
2 We tried to contact you, but we couldn’t get through.
c) We lost your phone number.
3 I’m going to put you through to my supervisor.
d) Heh, heh, let’s see how she likes your ….
4 Could you hang up, and I’ll call / ring you back?
a) Maybe. If I have nothing else to do.
5 I’ll just take down your details.
f) I’ll pretend to do something useful.
6 I can’t hear you very well. Could you speak up please? g) They’re playing my favourite song on the radio.
7 We’ll get back to you as soon as we solve the problem.
h) We might ring next week if we remember.
8 The engineer is out at the moment. Please call / ring back later.
e) We don’t know what you are…
Complete the conversation between a customer support adviser (A) and a customer (C). More
than one answer may be possible in each case.
A: Good afternoon. Alistair speaking. How can I help you?
C: Oh, hi. I´m having problems installing my Wi-Fi router. I can´t get the Internet to work.
A: I see. What about the Wi-Fi network? Is it working?
C: Yes, that´s fine. It´s just the Internet that´s the problem.
A: OK. I´m sure we can sort that out. Would you mind giving me the reference of the router?
C: no problem. Er, where can I find it?
A: It´s on the front of the box, in the bottom left corner.
C: Oh, OK. It´s WWJ108G-GB.
A: Ah, yes, the all-in-one modem / router / Wi-Fi access point. Did you have a broadband modem on…..
C: Yes
A: And was it working properly?
C: Yes, it was fine.
A: OK. Have you tried uninstalling the old modem?
C: No, not yet. Do I have to?
A: well, no, you don´t have to, but it makes it easier to configure the new set-up. All right, on the desktop,
can you just double-click on the My Computer icon? ….
A: …so I´m afraid there does seems to be a problem with the modem.
C: OK. Could you have a technician call round?
A: No. Just take it back to the shop, with the receipt, and they´ll exchange it.
C: Right. Do I need to reinstall the software?
A: No. You needn´t. But you need to configure the modem…..
…….
Complete these requests with fax or fawing then put them in order from the most direct to the
most polite.
2
4
5
1
3
6
Can you fax me the details?
Would you mind faxing me the details?
Do you think you could possibly fax me the details, please?
Fax me the details, will you?
Could you fax me the details, please?
I was wondering if you would have any objection to faxing me the
details?
Complete Steve´s side of the telephone conversation using don´t, might have to, ´ll have to,
´ll need to, don´t have to or needn´t.
Steve: OK, Pete. First of all, you open the printer. No, wait a minute, don´t just open it….
Pete:
Steve: Er, yes, of course you ’ll need to switch it on, otherwise……
Pete:
Steve: So now you gently remove the old cartridge. Don´t force it. If it´s difficult, you might have to pull …
Pete:
Stewe: OK. So now you can install the new cartridge. You´ ll need to remove the adhesive tape first, but be
careful you don´t touch the printed….
Pete:
Steve: Right. It´ll asky ou if you want to align the new cartridge, but you needn´t brother.
Pete:
Steve: Oh no, don´t throw the old cartredge away.
Pete:
Steve: No, that´s all right, Pete. You needn´t worry….
Make expressions about internships by matching each verb to a phrase a-f below.
6
1. Incorporate
2. Enhance
3. Relate
4. Be assessed
5. Be supervised
6. Offer
b)work experience into a university degree.
e)your career prospects by doing an internship
a)your academic study to the workplace
c)by your institution through reports, appraisals, etc
d)closely by someone from the workplace and a university…
f)permanent employment to a student after graduation.
Match each word in the box to its definition below. Then translate the words into your
language.
appraisal
commitment deadline
etiquette
predecessor threaten
workload
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
insight outcome
overview
A date by which you have to do sometnig: deadline
An ability to understand something clearly: insight
An opinion about how successful someone is: appraisal
The amount of work that a person has to do: workload
Wnthusiasm, determination and loyalty: commitment
A set of rules for behaving correctly: etiquette
A description of the main features of something: overview
The person who had a job before someone else: predecessor
The final result of a proces, meeting, etc.: outcome
To tell someone you might cause them harm: threaten
Choose the right word.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Be in charge of a department or project.
Be involved in doing something.
Be responsible for an area of work.
Deal with an area of work.
Have somebody working under you.
Liaise with someone about an area of the business.
Look after an area of work.
Report directly to somebody.
Run the business on day-to-day basis.
Také care of area of work.
Mark these statements abou work organization T or F.
1. A task is bigger than an assignment.
F
2. A line manager has a higher position than a project leader.
T
3. A branch is bigger than a division.
F
4. COO stands for Chief Organization Officer.
F
5. The Public Relations officer will often work in the Marketing Department.
6. Personnel is one of the functions of Human Resources.
T
7. R&D stands for Resources and Deployment.
F
8. A parent company owns several smaller companies called subsidies. F
9. Purchasing is a more formal way of saying buying.
T
10. Company structure can be shown visually using on organichart.
F
T
In each sentence, put one verb in the past simple (did), one in the past continuous (was/were doing) and
one in the past perfect (had done)
1. While I was working in my father´s business I started to understand the importance of marketing – I
had never throught about it before.
2. I had already been in the job for two months when I first spoke to the big boss, the CEO: I nearly hit
his car as I was parking mine!
Complete the expressions for giving diplomatic advice by filling in the missing letters.
1 Actually, I think there is a better way to do this.
2 It seems to me that there has been a misunderstanding.
3 You might want to ask Sue for her opinion.
4 You could maybe try a different approach.
5 Don’t you think that making personal calls at work…
6 Wouldn’t you agree that i tis important to meet all our deadlines?
Match these words relating to report writing to their definitions below.
Description
observation
evaluation
suggestion
analysis
1 Examining something in order to understan it :
2 A statement about what something is like
:
3 Considering something in order to discover how hood or bad it is:
4 A comment about something you have seen, heard or felt:
5 An idea or plan that you offer for someone to consider:
analysis
description
evaluation
observation
suggestion
In each set of four below, match an adjective on the left with a noun on the right to make
collocations about working conditions.
1 clean
2 satisfied
3 high
4 subsidized
5 heavy
6 hourly
7 competent
8 dead-end
environment
customer
staff turnover
meals
workload
rate
staff
job
Make adjectives from these nouns:
1 annoyance
2 competence
3 frustration
4 gratitude
5 help
annoyed (also: annoying)
competent
frustrated (also: frustrating)
grateful
helpful
6 knowledge
7 persuasion
8 reassurance
9 satisfaction
10 rudeness
knowledgeable
persuasive
reassuring (also: reassured)
satisfied (also: satisfying)
rude
The collocations below are useful in customer support. Cross out the one verb in each group that does
not collocate with noun.
1. Deal with / look into/ push in/ sort out a problem.
2. Describe/ identify/ replace/ treat the symptoms.
3. Diagnose/ locate/offer/ repair the fault.
4. Escalate/ exchange/ launch/ replace the product.
5. Ask for/ call/ give/ offer a full refund.
6. Escalate/ fax/ refer/ replace the problem to a supervisor.
Complete this useful phrase for after sales service using the letters in brackets.
I’ll look into it, sort it out, and get back to youtomorrow.
Complete the sentences typical of cusomer support telephone calls 1-10 ussing the prepositions
in the box.
1 We tried to contact you, but we couldn´t get through.
2 The machine broke down after only a few days.
3 Replace and screw in the side panel.
4 When I switch it on, nothing happens.
5 I´m going to put you through to my supervisor.
6 I´ll just take down your details.
7 Push the new module into the slot.
8 Please hold on a moment while I find your records on our database.
9 The line is bad. Please hang up and I´ll call you back.
10 The line is bad. Could you speak up, please.
Read the definitions and complete the words by filling in the missing letters.
1 Computer screen :
2 A row of icons on a computer screen:
3 Something you hope your computer doesn´t do:
4 Make a computer more powerful:
5 Something that goes in a printer:
6 Connect to the elektricity supply:
7 Send a document with an email:
8 Someone who a business sells to:
9 Someone who a business buys from:
10 A written promise that a company will repair something you buy from them:
monitor
toolbar
crash
upgrade
cartridge
plug in
attach
customer
supplier
guarantee
Complete the email using the words in the box.
Appreciate
attached
could
further
regard
urgently
would
get back to
grateful
hesitate
Dear Mr White
I am writing with regard to my order places online last week. It still hasn´t arrived. I would be grateful if you
could ship the order immediately. For your reference, I have attached a copy of the confirmation you sent
me. Do not hesitate to get back to me if you need any further information. I would appreciate a quick
response as these items are needed urgently.
Best regards, J Garcia
The extracts below come from an email between colleagues at a customer contact centre. Use
one word to fill each gap. The clues in brackets will help you.
1 I need you to také a look a tour Metz contact centre.
2 Our Q4 customer satisfaction survey is disastrous.
3 This represents a major threat to our corporate image.
4 These two problems are obviously linked.
5 I suggest you talk to Marie Pinon.
6 I´m counting on you to come up with some ideas.
Put these stages of product development into most likely chronological order.
6 Beta test the product by users in typical situations
5 Conduct market studies to test the concept
8 Launch the product
4 Draw sketches and build mockups
7 Go into production
3 Draw up specifi cations for the product
1 Generate new ideas in focus groups and brainstorming meetings
2 Screen out unfeasible or unprofi table ideas
Match the nouns in the box with the compound adjectives they ussually collocate with.
1 energy-saving / labour-saving devices
2 fi re-retardant / water-resistant materials
3 waterproof / shockproof personal stereos
4 child-resistant / tamper-resistant packaging
5 future-proof / foolproof technology
6 eye-catching / attention-grabbing design
Insert the missing articles a(n) or the int the text below.
In 1485, Leonardo da Vinci made detailed sketches of parachutes. He also
sketched studies for a / the helicopter, a / the tank and retractable landing
gear. The fi rst helicopter that could carry a person was fl own by Paul Cornu
at the beginning of the twentieth century. During the fi rst World War, tanks
were fi rst used in / France in 1917. An airplane with retractable landing gear
was built in the United States in 1933.
Bar codes were invented by Silver and Woodland in 1948. They used light
to read a set of concentric circles, but it was two decades before the advent
of computers and lasers made the system practical. However, the bar code
system in use today is the Universal Product Code, introduced by IBM in
1973. The fi rst bar-coded items sold were packs of chewing gum in 1974.
The computer was launched in 1943, more than a 100 years after Charles
Babbage designed the fi rst programmable device. In 1998, the Science
Museum in London built a working replica of the Babbage machine, using
(the) materials and work methods available in Babbage’s time. It worked just
as Babbage had intended.
Complete the relative clauses by choosing the correct pronoun or group of pronouns from the
box.
who which that/which that/which/no pronoun
1. The fax process, which was first patented in 1843 by Alexander Bain, did not go into
commercial service until 1964.
2. Penicillin, the antibiotic compound that/which was discovered by Alexander Fleming in
1928, only went into production in 1942.
3. The steam engine that/which/no pronoun George Stephenson famously demonstrated in
1815 was actually discovered in 50 BC by Heron of Greecce.
4. Kevin Tuohy, who invented the soft plastic lens in 1948, was not the first …..
5. Orville Wright is the man who is usually credited with the first powered flight….
6. Several other people claim to be the inventors of the machine that/which/ no pronoun
John Logie….
Put the words in the noun combinations in the correct order.
As nex technologies arrive on an increasingly globalized market, companies are facing ever-shorter product
development cycles. What´s more, as products become more sophisticated, manufacturers are having to
work with increasingly complex technical support requirements. One of the new tools available to help
cope with such difficulties are Web-based customer feedback programs, which anable firms to work with
real-world pre-market product feedback. Another time-saving innovation is the cross-functional product
development team, which can make dramatic cuts in development lead-times.
Complete these definitions by matching the noun combinations with the appropriate relative clause.
1. Decision – making tools are tools
that you evaluate choices and options with.
2. Feature-packed spreadsheets are spreadsheets
that have many different functions.
3. An industry-standard battery package is a packo f batteries
whose specitications comply with
industry norms
4. Market studies are investigations
that companies conuct to identify
customer needs.
Finish these definitions by completing the relative clause.
Suggested answers:
1 Focus groups are groups which / that companies get product feedback
from.
2 Consumer empowerment is an approach which / that gives consumers
power.
3 A ring-pull can is a can which / that has a ring to open it with.
4 Complex text layout languages are languages whose text layout is
complex
5 Child-proof packaging is packaging which / that children can’t open.
6 An award-winning design is a design which / that a jury has given an
award to.
7 Portable document format (PDF) is a standard format whose code can be
read by all computers.
8 Household-cleaning products which you clean the house with.
Lekce 4

Put the events in Josef Gutkind´s carem in chronological order:
1.Before graduating, Josef applied for jobs in twenty companies.
2. He was short-listed for a second interview at Wilson Brothers.
3. He attended a second interview conducted by a panel(tým) of managers.
4. Josef was offered a position as a management trainee(nováček).
5. Two years later he was appointed Logistics Manager.
6. When Wilson´s got into dificulties, Josef was made reduntant(nadbytečný).
7. He found a new job, but was dismissed after arguing with his boss.
8. While he was unemployed Josef studied for a master´s degrese.
9. Thanks to his enhanced (vylepšené) CV, Josef was hired by a firmo f consultants.
10. In his early fifties he took a sabbatical(vědecká dovolená) to write a book.
11. The book was a best-seller, and Josef resigned from the firm.
12. He retired from business and now lives in the south of France.

Use the expressions in bold from the first five sentences above to complete these questions..:
1 Could you tell me exactly why you were dismissed from OQP?
2 Was that before or after you were appointed Quality Manager?
3 After the factory closed, was it difficult to found a new job?
4 Have you applied for jobs in other companies in the area?
5 Would you be available to attend a sec. Interview next week?
6 How would you feel if we offered you a position as a product manager?

Now correct these sentences from a biography.The words in bold have been mixed up:
1)Aisha´s résumé was impressive;she was short-listed without even attending a first interview.
2)At the second interview,Aisha did so well that she was hired on the spot.
3)A few years later she wrote her first novel while she was on sabbatical;it sold only 400 copies. 4)Aisha
was an conventional journalist who preferred to work at night; after arriving four hours late for a meeting
she was dismissed .
5)When the editor in her next job refused to publish a controversial article she had written,Aisha
immediately offered to design but editor refused to let her.
6)However,when the newspaper was taken over by a larger competitor,Aisha was made reduntant .
7)After difficult times while she was unemployed ,she was finally able to live in comfort when her sixth
novel became a best-seller.
8)She was 74 when she finally decided to retire from writing novels.

In each set of five below,match a verb on the left with a noun on the right to make collocations
for describing skills and qualities:
Take--------initiative
Make--------a commitment to
Be-----------a good listener
Work--------to strict deadlines
Build-------good working relationships
Work---------closely with
Make--------a valuace contribution to
Manage-------a busy workload
Posesses-----strong negotiating skills
Take on------ownership

Use 8 of the collocations in 5 to complete the sentences below.Change the verb form if necessary:
1)I enjoy taking initiative, and I keep my promises;when I make a commitment to a project,I always deliver.
2)I have a lot of experience in working closely with both product development and sales teams,and can
adapt to thein different working styles.
3)I have excedent organizational skills,and I hate being late-so I have no problem with working to strict
deadlines
4)I liase with government officials:fortunately I possess strong negotiating skills.
5)I´m used to managing a busy workload; I´m good at multitasking,and coping with pressure is no problem.
6)I often take on ownership of projects with multi-million dollar budgets.
7)I Believe I can make a valuable contribution to any work group.
8)I am a good listener so I build good working relationship with questions?

Grammar
1) Jane Houseman is considers herself a happy woman. Based in London she works as a project
manager for Arbol Oil,a South American oil company which expands rapidly,especially in Asia. Jane
loves travelling;at the moment she is working on a project in China,which means she flies out to
Beijing about once a month. She already speaks fluent Spanish , and she is learning Chinese.She
doesn´t meet the two other project managers in her department very often,because they are
finishing a project in Saudi Arabia,but they all get very well and talk two or free times a week by
telefone.Jane i salso following an MBA course;she submits coursework by email and attends free
intensivewekeks per year in London. Financially,Jane feels very lucky:right now,she is earning twice
what most of her friends from university are bringing home, and the company is paging for her
MBA. In many wals,Jane believes she has the perfect job.
2) Jane Has been in her present position for six years. After she left university, she Worked as a
management trainee for four years in another oil company; she has never regretted the move to
Arbol,since they immediately put her on thein fast-track scheme for employees with….In the last
free keks she has received no less than free proposals…Jane was shocked and surprised,especially
when,just a few days later,Arbol´s HR manager called to offer her the position. The second proposal
arrived that same mening: Estelle,one od Jane´s friends from the MBA course,who has already
Worked for several large multinationals, invited her to become a partner in a new consultancy. Last,but
by no means least, Jane´s boyfriend,Howard, has just asked her to marry him. …
3) Jane has preferred to live alone…..she has been looking for a property to buy, and she has just
paid deposit on a small house….She has been hoping for a promotion at Arbol;she has been trying
schedule an appraisal interview….and now she understands why her boss has repeatedly
postponed it.
..although Jane has been playing mum to the two kids,it has never occured …Jane has to admit to
herself that she has sometimes wondered . Jane has been thinking about running her own
business …. After all, she hasn´t been spending most of her free time working on the MBA..She has
already have ten cups today,but she´s no nearer a solution now than after the first cup.
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The candidates in 2 used these expressions. Put the words in bold in the correct order:
1. I applied what I learned.
2. I´m able to cope with being unpopular
3. I see myself as a top performing employee in a leading company
4. I plan to gain experience and learn new skills
5. I would be ready to move up to a position with more responsibility
6. I realized that knowing how well you´re doing is essentials to staying
7. I´m aware that there are areas that I can improve on
8. I don´t feel that I have any signifiant weaknesses
9. I would say that organization is some of my strengths.
10. I managed to finish the project on time
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REVIEW 4
Finish each phrase about careers with the best collocation from the right-hand column:
Make a career choice; reach your long-term goal;prefer money ether than job satisfaction;learn
new skills; gain experience; get a performance-related bonus; send off a job application;apply for
gap-year placement.
Fill the missing letters in these words which all have a meaning simile to goal:
1) Clear/Annual/production/sales targets
2) Limited/clear/specific/business objectives
3) The overall/main/sole/underlying aim
Match each word in the box to its definitiv below.Then translate the words into your language
Knowledge that you need to be able to do something: know how
Information that someone knows:knowledge
An ability to do something well,especially because you have practised it:skill
Knowledge or skill you get from being in different situations:experience
The type of education,experience and family that you have:background
A natural ability to do something well or to learn it quickly:aptitude
The expressions in the box afer to losing your job
Which free suggest it was your fault? Be fired;be dismissed;be sacked
Which of these free is more formal? Be dismissed
Which two expressions suggest it was not your fault? Be laid off;be made reduntant
Which of these two is British English?be made reduntant
Fill in the missing letters in these words about careers
Be short-listed for a second interview
resign from a job because you have a better offer in another company
attend an interview on Friday mening
be appointed to a more senior position after some time in the company
be hired by a company after a successful interview
apply for a job in a company
Put each verb into correct form:present simple(do/does)present continuous(am/are/is
doing)present perfect(have/has done)or past simple(did)
I´m really busy this morning – I AM INTERVIEWING free candidates for that sales job- the second on
eis outsider now. Yesterday was even worse. I INTERVIEWED five candidates in two hours, and
none of them were any good. Let me see,over the last ten days I think I HAVE INTERVIEWED sixteen
candidates. Just imagine! And every time I INTERVIEW someone there´s a CV to read,questions to
prepare,records to keep. It just never ens. Right now, I NEED a break. HAS ANYONE SEEN that travel
brochure about holilys i ń the Seychelles? I know I PUT it somewhere. Wait a minute. There´s noone here. I AM TALKING to myself.
Put each verb into the correct form: present perfect(have/has done) or present perfect continuous
(have/has been doing)
I have been writing my CV all morning,and finally I have finished it.
I have written four job applications this week. One day I must get lucky- I have been trying to find
a job for ages.
Make nouns from the adjectives and verbs below
Strong: strength
weak:weakness
responsible:responsibility
Perform:performance
Commit:commitment
Achieve:achievement
Use each noun from previous exercise to complete these questions from a job interview.Some have
plural form.:
What are your main functions and dutin in your present job? What are your responsibilities?
How does the company know you are doing a good job? How do they measure your performance?
What are the positive things you can bring to the team?What are your strength?
And what would you say are your weakness? Come on,be honest now.
What is the one thing you are most proud of in your present job? What is your greatest
achievement?
If we offer you this job,what kind of commitment will you have to the company? Will you be
looking for another job after a year or two?
Lekce 5
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Reading for detail
…in correct order:
1)Only a very small percentage of visits to websites produce sales.
2) Live web chats with sales reps double online sales.
3) Customer-tracking systems can provide help for customers hen it is appropriate.
4) Animated sales reps are cheaper than real people and can increase sales by one third.
5)Customer cracking is often badly perceived by online shoppers, who may prefer to shop privately.
6) Though interactive discussion boosts sales, e-tailers have to be cautious.
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Collocations
Place
Take
an order
Fill
Sort out
bring down
offer
see
quote a price
ask for a discount
sell
state
grant
explain
make
subject to
the benefits
pay
Discuss
the details
Go over
A monthly
An annual
open to negotiation
require a deposit
rejem
under
put down
hidden
fee
An entrance
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firm up a proposal
extra
fixed
meet
costs
miss
seek
deadline
extend
offer
a compromise
find
Put these steps in an e-tail transaction into correct chronological order:
1)The prospective customer looks up the product on a search engine.
2)The customer clicks on the link to the seller´s site.
3)The customer browses the site and identifies the product which interests him.
4)The customer prices similar products on other sites.
5)The customer selects a product and places it in a cart.
6)The customer goes to the Cheb-out and pays by credit card.
7)The website record the transaction and generates an invoice.
8)The customer´s credit card account is debited.
9)The website sends an instruction to the warehouse to ship the product.
10)The product is shipped to the customer´s address by mail or express carrier.
11)The customer sends the faulty product back under guarantee.
12)The seller exchanges the product or gives a refund.
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Grammar:
1) 1-would go; 2-don´t go; 3-won´t go; 4-went; 5-would you go; 6-go; 7-doesn´t go; 8-will you go
2) a)possible b) probable c)sure (Decide in which example….)
1a, 2c, 3b
3) 1-providing; 2-unless; 3-only if (circle the word in bold..)
4) 1-me; 2-to; 3-me; 4-you; 5-you; 6-that; 7-it; 8-to (delete one word from each….)
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Reformulating
2)willing 3) ? 4)but only if 5)unless 6)as long as
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REVIEW 5
1)complete these paragraphs about e-tailing using the words in the box:
1.most visitors to a website don´t actually………….having lots of eyeballs …..….visitors through paid search
ads…..
2. ….customer questions via live web chats………….., the average purchase double in value.
3. …..characters that draw on a databank…..
4. ….they have an expectation of privacy…….senior vice-president for merchandising and
operations…..We´re taking the conservative approach right now…..
2)complete this sentence about tail. Using these words: Research shows that most online shoppers
consider tracking thein navigation of a site without thein consent to be a violation of thein privacy.
3)in each set of four below match a verb on the left with a noun on the right to make… :
1.look up a product on a search engine
2.pay by credit card
3.place the product you want in a cart
4.click on a link to get to the seller´s site
5.browse the site to find any interesting products
6.debit the customer´s credit card
7.send back a faulty product under guarantee
8.ship the product from the warehouse
4)..Cross out the one verb in each group that does NOT collocate with the noun:
Fill/offer/place/také an order
Ask for/be entitled to/find/offer a discount
Discuss/go over/put on/sort out the details
Make/put forvard/put back/ rejem a proposal
Extend/meet/miss/také a deadline
Look for/meet/ seek/ reach a compromise
5)complete each sentence with a collocation from 4 above:
1. If you fail to do something by the agreed time, you miss the deadline.
2.If you tell a retailer you want to buy something from them,you place an order.
3.If you finally get agrément after both sides had different starting points,you reach a compromise.
4.If you automatically have the right to a Loir price,for example because of the quantity you are
ordering,then you are entitled a discount.
6) Look at the seven alternatives in bold below.Cross out the free that can never be used:
If we increase our order,will you give us a discount?
9 ) complete the bargaining phrases in this dialogue using the pairs of words in the box:
I might consider reducing the price if you increased your order.
It would be difficult for me to increase my order, unless you guaranteed the price for two years.
I might be able to guarantee the price, providing you agree to a five-year contract.
4) Underline the correct anter in bold:
What do you recommend ?
What do you advise me to do?
I suggest ordering 500 pieces initially.
I advise you to order 500 pieces initially.
I suggested to him that he should order 500 pieces initially.
5) complete the extracts from a business proposal using the words in the box:
As agreed,please find below a proposal to instar a series of….
Should you require on-site support,our engineers are available seven days a week.
In the unlikely event of a breakdown,we would provide a replacement.
Our Charles are amonit the lowest on the market.
If you wish to place an order,we require a deposit od 25%.
Lekce 6
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Match up the phrases you might use in a meeting
1) I have received two c)apologies for absence
2) Has everybody received a)a copy of the agenda
3) If we can´t agree, I think we should take e)a vote
4) It´s getting late,so I propose we close b)the meeting
5) I think this would be a good time to break f) for lunch
6) We have lots to discuss,so let´s stick to d) the agenda
7) It´s five past nine, so I´d better open j)the meeting
8) Can we start by approving l)the minutes of the last meeting
9) We seem to have reached k)a unanimous decision
10) That´s interesting,but I think we´re getting g)side-tracked
11) I´ll just give out this i)handout
12) Before we finish,we need to deal with h)any other business
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Grammar
1)change these active sentences to the passive to avoid mentioning the agent:
Illegal levels of nitrates are sometimes released into the river.
Too many mistakes are being made at the moment.
Unfortunately a poor decision was made in hiring unqualified staff.
Children were being employed to make T-shirts in Asia.
We have been accused of industrial espionage.
The company had been warned about the risk.
Conflict with the unions can be avoided by maikng small concessions.
You might be asked some delicate questions.
It was agreed that production staff should work a four-day week.
It has been decided that 300 employes are going to be made reduntant.
2) complete the extracts from a report of a public meeting about a pollution problem:
1.CEO Ben Straw announced that nitrate levels in the local water supply were slightly higher than
normal.
2.Mr Straw admitted it was possible that the faktory was responsible.
3.Plant manager jane Lee explained that there was/had been a small chemici leak last Friday.
4.Mrs Lee reassured the meeting that Theky had taken measures to ensure that this situation cannot
reoccur.
5.Mr Straw said They were negotiating a settlement with the town council.
6.He promised the meeting that They would announce full details in a press statement in a few days´
time.
7.Mrs Green, a local resident,asked if had ever been a problem like this before?
8.Mrs Lee replied that couldn´t remember any other leaks in 30 years at the factory.
9.Pat Holz,a union representative,enquired when They planned to re-open the factory?
10.Mr Straw warned that some staff might be laid off for a few days.
3)Report the phrases in bold using the verbs in brackets,as in the example:
2. The CEO Argus that developing countries were extremely grateful for the investment and the jobs that
they brought.
3.The CEO explained that They made fair profits and paid shareholders good dividends,but they had never
exploited thein employees.
4.The CEO accepted that they could and would do more to develop sources of alternative energy.
5.The CEO commented that he did not feel that higher petrol prices would reduce tradic and pollution.
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REVIEW 6
1) Find a word above that means:
-
The profit that company makes for its investor: Shareholders value
-
Money paid because someone is injured or has lost thein job: compensation
-
Rooms and equipment that are provided for a particular puspose: facilities
-
Organizations that give help to people who need it: charities
-
The land,water and air that people live in : environment
-
Treating someone unfairly in order to get a bendit for yourself: exploiting
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Capable of continuing for long time: sustainable
-
A situation in which people have the same chances as everyone else: equal oportunity
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Things you say or write when you are not happy: complaint
-
Agree with and support publicly: align
2) Complete the sentences about ethical behaviour using a phrase from each column:
-
Acknowledge any problem that exists
-
Act with integrity towards employees
-
Compensate victims for any damage caused
-
Limit the impact of any problem
-
Negotiate settlements which satisfy everyone
-
Obey the law or face a lawsuit or fine
-
Recognize merit when staff perform well
-
Uphold standard sof common decency
3)complete the remarks of a chairperson at variol stages of a meeting.Use the words and phrases in the
box:
- Apollogy for absence
- approving the minutes
- stick to the agenda
- introduce the first item
- getting side-tracked
- come back to this
- have any views
- see your point
- wouldn´t you agree
- take a vote
- break for coffe
- unanimous decision
- any other business
- close the meeting
4)put each verbin brackets into the correct form, active or Pasive.The first two are present simple and the
last four are past simple:
- the company tries….However….mistakes are made…….radioactive waste was lost ….to report that we
took ..The driver of truck was found …and we dismissed…
5)Find pairs of linking words/phrases with the same meaning:
- as a rule=on the whole
- clearly=obviously
-consequently=therefore
-especially=in particular
-finally=in conclusion
-In addition=moreover
-in brief=to sum up
-in other words=that is to say
6)Which two words/phrases from 5 would you use to:
- in addition/moreover(add a second point…)
-especially/in particular(highlight one fact)
-as a rule/on the whole( make a generalization)
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Over the last three years, the pinball machine manufacturer has developed a profitable
new market in the Middle East.
Don´t assume that what works well in your domestic market will automatically go down
well in another.
You should be prepared to modify your product specifications to meet local conditions.
Eisenhart now has some 35% of a growing Middle east market, but it hasn´t been easy.
Vincenti puts using a good credit agency at the top of his lessons learned list.
Would-be exporters should focus on one market, rather than trying to sell all over the
world.
Credit insurace reduces the risk of defalt on export payments.
We would be very happy to give you the same terms as Auckland, if you were in a position
to order the same volume.
It all depends on what you mean by profit. Are you talking about gross profit, or net
profit?
Reach an invoice
Go under stop operating because of financial problems
be in the red owe money
break even earn just enough money to pay fot the costs
be in the black have money, for example in your bank account
We are pleased to agree to the terms you propose.
We wrote to you on 4 November regarding the balance of E12,650 which is still
outstanding.
I am afraind group policy doesn not allow us to give more than 30 days´credit.
May i remind you that the sum of E21,550 is still outstanding?
We shall have no alternative but to pass the matter on to our legal department.
It´s in everybody´s interest: the merger will definitely go ahead.
Act quickly if your customer is getting into difficulties.
Direct: You are not convinced. Diplomatic: Correct me if I´m wrong, but you seem to be
saying that you are not conviced.
Frequent-flyer schemes, free gifts and credit are all ways of developing customer loylty.
Chase conditions.
Let´s move on; next slide shows; notice from the chart; seem to suggest; as a result of;
resulted in; however; whereas
Move behind with payments
State a deal
Check in a customer´s creditworthiness
There was a considerable improvment in the company´s imagine thanks to a joint venture
with a prestigious American corporation
We plan to acquire new technology; as a result, debt will grow slightly.
A wave of corporate raids resulted in a sudden surge in reduancies.
As a reult of its strategic alliances, the company enjoyed moderate growth.
Would you let us know your decision as soon as possible?
I am writtin to enquire whether you would be able to extand credit terms of 60 days.
Unless we receive payment within seven days, we shall have no alternative but to pass
the matter to our legal department.
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We would like to apologize for the delay in sending the enclosed cheque.
We would appreciate your early settlement of this outstanding balance.
Direrect: I´ll explain it again if you want. Diplomatic: Let me put it another way.
Credit ratings and reports are a practical solution to the problém of evaluating risk.
As well as owning stocks and bonds, a good way to diversity your portfolio is to invest in
property.
Because old customers leave, a sales person must constantly be looking to add to their
customer portfolio.
Take out invoices as soon as they become overdue.
Direct: I´m not ready to make a decision. Diplomatic: I think we might need more time to
explore all the implications.
Are you ready to order now? – Yes, I´ll have roast lamb.
The seller´s bank may have access to information about the buyer´s creditworthiness.
Dirrect: You are wrong! Diplomatic: I´m afraid there seems to be a slight
misunderstanding.
Chris has all the right qualifications: she´s likely to get the job.
I agree with you up to a point, but I think there are some important issues that you
haven´t considered.
Do not let customers get behind with their payments.
In the turmoil of integration, your best engineers and managers may be more susceptible
to altractive offers from the competition.
These courses aim to help executives bring their CEOs back down to earth.
Some 1,500 to 2,000 mergers and acquisitions are completed per year worldwide, of
which around half are in the US.
With a 70% plus failure-rate, you might think that B-school professors would do well to
discourage their students from launching takover bids.
The fact that many mergers result in a net loss of value suggests that schoolin is sorely
needed!
In the open enrolment classes, the only condition of attendance is your ability to pay the
fees.
Direct: This project is totally unrealistic. Diplomatic: I´m afraid we feel there are still quite
a large number of difficulties to face this project.
Take out insurance if you have doubts about getting paid.
Late payment can have a very damaging effect on a company´s cash flow
After the fire, the company filed a/an insurance claim for compensation.
To avid cash-flow problems, sales teams need to be given a clear credit insurance.
A/an insurance policy provides cover in case of an accident.
If your´re busy, I´ll come back later.
They saw a slight icrease in sales as a consequence of their diversification into new
markets.
After the merger, our profitability will improve significantly as a result of economies of
scale.
Share prices often go up sharply because of rumours of hostile takeovers.
Due to lower labbour costs profits will shoot up dramatically.
Ruth persuaded me to apply for the sales job, but I´m not sure that i want my career to go
in that direction
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International negotiators should always show respect for toher cultures
Check up on your new customer´s creditworthiness.
Liabilities reach a high when business is slow in August. Our debt peaks at
Variable costs are falling. Our operating costs are dropping.
We expected fixed costs to stabilize. Our overheads should level off
Last year our billings rose by 45%. Our turnover almost doubled.
Direct: You must be able to make a better offer than that. Diplomatic: Actually, I was
wondering whether you might possibly reconsider your position?
Preliminary sudies will be carried out from January to June of next year. During This
period, the exact scope of the work will be evaluated, and a definitive quotation will be
submitted by 15 June lates. The customer will then have until mid-Semptember to study
the proposal. After signature of the contract, work will behin on 1 October and is expected
to continue for 18 months. A deposit of 20% will be payable at signature in September;
thereafter, invoices will be issued within one week of completion of each stage of the
project, for payment at 90 day. The final 15% will not be invoiced until after reception of
the completed building.
Transparency in all dealing with foreign governments is essential to success in export.
Exporters should remember that cerain countries levy special taxes on imports.
Any involvement in illegal trading practices can permanently damage a company´s image.
In a confirmed documentary credit, the seller´s bank takes responsibility for obtaining
payment.
Bills of Exchange and letters of credit are no substitute for careful credit checks.
Credit insurance can eliminate the need for letters of credit.
Become higher (literally: to move up using your hand and feet climb
Become less(literally: to put something into a liquid and quickly lift it out again) dip
Change frequently, especially from a high level to a low one and back again fluctuate
Stop changing and become steady stabilize
Get worse (opposite: improve) deteriorate
Get worse gradually (literally: to move smoothly and quickly across a surface) slide
Increase (opposite: fall) rise
Increase quickly to a high level (literally: to fly high in the sky) soar
Increase suddenly and by a large amount (literally: push your body off the ground using
your legs) jump
Reach the highest point before becoming lower (the noun means the top of a mountain)
peak
Full investigation of a company…due diligence
the amount of money that a company…liabilities
the proces of combining two companies…merger
something that someone buys…acquisition
costs that alter directly…variable costs
costs that do not alter when…fixed costs
things such as money, buildings…assets
measure of a company´s ability…liquidity
reductions in the cost of producing…economies of scale
total amount of money coming into…turnover
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Don´t sell on price rather than quality
Be proactive with local distributors
Make a firm commitment to export
Think outside the box
Trade on open account
Sign an exklusive deal
Be prepared to modify product specifications
Invest time, effort and money
Ask a credit agency about a customer´s creditworthiness
Chasing payments can be done by the credit agency
Focus on one market rather than trying to sell all over the world
Don´t assume that what works in your domestic market will also work abroad
Issue/ reach/ settle/ query an invoice
assume/ provide/ load/ ship goods
chase/ comply with/ state/meet conditions
After the exporter and foreign customer finally reach a deal, the exporter will ship the
goods and issue an invoice. The exporter must comply with all the conditions in the
contract, and if they do they can expect to be pai on time. It is a waste of time if they have
to chase customers who get behind with payments. If there is a problém vith payment,
the exporter can use a credit agency to check up on a customers´…
During the 90x we worked with a…
In 2002 we started…
exklusive agent from that time until now
discretion to ask for payment within…
money from then at the end