Source Separated Organics
Collection
NYSASWM Fall Conference – Lake Placid, NY – 10/4/2016
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
casella.com • 1
Casella Company Overview:
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Founded in 1975 with one truck
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We now have 1,900 employees serving
over 170,000 customers
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Traded on NASDAQ as CWST
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Over $500M in annual revenue
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Operating in MA, ME, NH, NY, PA, and VT
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Vertically integrated collection, transfer,
recycling, and disposal operations
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Recovering over 1 million tons per year!
Includes more than 600,000 tons of recyclables
and 400,000 tons of organics for beneficial use
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Our Strategy:
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Create systems to transform discarded
by-products into valuable industrial feedstock
and sources of renewable energy.
Own and operate integrated resource
management infrastructure in the Northeast.
Leverage our experience and partnerships
to help organizations drive out waste.
Hauling Facilities
Recycling Facilities
Organics Facilities
Landfills
Landfill Gas-to-Energy
Transfer Stations
Our Customers
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
CASELLA ORGANICS
• Over 3 decades’ experience recovering value from
organic and mineral byproducts in the northeast
• Diverting >400,000 tons/year
• Operate 2 on-farm digesters receiving over 40,000
tons/year of liquid food processing residuals
• Collect over 5,000 tons/year of source separated
food scraps for diversion to 3rd party compost
facilities
• Participating in policy discussions around food waste
diversion in 4+ states (MA, VT, NY, ME)
• Currently conducting and participating in 5 pilot
studies around collection and processing
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ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Food Waste Recycling –
status in the northeast
Growing interest to recover value from FW in the disposal stream:
• Commercial Organics Disposal Ban in Massachusetts
• All commercial generators of >52 tons/year
• Processors, institutions, groceries, hospitality
• Mandatory Organics Diversion in Vermont
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Phased implementation: >104 tons/yr in 2014
>52 tons/yr in 2015, >26 tons/yr in 2016…
If within 20 miles of a processing site with capacity
all generators including households in 2020
• NYSDEC to propose legislation soon
• Similar activity in CT and RI
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 1
Which of the following entities would currently be subject to the
Organics Ban in Massachusetts?
A. Restaurant disposing 1,000 pounds of food waste per week
B. Grocery store disposing 4 tons of food waste per week
C. Apartment complex disposing 1 ton of food waste per week
D. College disposing 10,000 pounds of food waste per week
E. B and D
F. All of the Above
Answer: E
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 2
Which of the following entities would currently be subject to the
Organics provisions of the Universal Recycling Law in Vermont?
A. Restaurant disposing 1,000 pounds of food waste per week
B. Grocery store disposing 4 tons of food waste per week
C. Apartment complex disposing 1 ton of food waste per week
D. College disposing 10,000 pounds of food waste per week
E. More Information Needed
F. All of the Above
Answer: E
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 3
Which of the following entities would be subject to the organics
rule DEC intends to propose for NYS? (Assume all are within 50
miles of a processing facility)
A. Restaurant disposing 1,000 pounds of food waste per week
B. Grocery store disposing 4 tons of food waste per week
C. Apartment complex disposing 1 ton of food waste per week
D. College disposing 10,000 pounds of food waste per week
E. All of the Above
F. B and D
Answer: F
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ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Resources for
Estimating Food Waste
• Guidelines from
RecyclingWorks MA
• Summary document from
NYSDEC/NYSP2I
stakeholder meeting
Examples:
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College >1,470 resi students
Correctional >570 inmates
Hospital >167 beds
Restaurant >139 FT employees
Grocery >69 FT employees
http://recyclingworksma.com/estimate-food-waste-commercial-organic-material-waste-ban/
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Recycling
Resources for
Estimating Food Waste (cont.)
Other options
• Estimate based on customer type and actual MSW
weights/volumes and/or service levels
• Conduct a formal waste audit
How heavy is a food waste cart?
• 64-gallon cart weights vary widely from 50 lbs to over 400 lbs
• On average, we typically assume 200 to 250 pounds
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 4
Which of the following customers might be expected to produce
over 2 tons per week of food waste?
A. Hamilton College – 1,850 students, 100% on-campus
B. Adirondack Medical Center – 97 beds
C. Mark’s Pizzeria – 15 employees
D. All of the Above
E. None of the Above
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Answer: A
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 5
Which of the following businesses might be subject to the MA
organics ban, based on the number of carts they fill up weekly?
A.
B.
C.
Answer: Assuming 250 lbs/cart, both B and C
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 6
What is the maximum amount this 64-gallon food waste cart
could potentially weigh when completely full?
Answer: 64 x 8.34 = 533 pounds
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Collection: Commercial food
waste service
Cart-based food waste collection
• 64-, 48-, or 32-gallon carts
• Most are weekly or 2x/week
• Use of liners depends on composter
• Cart washing or swaps available in
some markets
Compactor-based food waste service
• For large generators with space
• Can be efficient for large facilities
Over 5,000 tons last year
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Collection: Residential food
Tompkins County, NY pilot
• Developed/managed by County
• We are the collection contractor
• Free to 1,200 households
• 13-gallon cart, countertop caddy
• Around 450 tons last year
waste service
Photos courtesy of Tompkins County Recycling
Burlington, VT pilot
• Chittenden Solid Waste District
purchasing carts for hauler pilots
• 100-household pilot began Aug
• Metrics will include participation
and willingness to pay
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 7
How much food waste does a typical household dispose per
week?
A. 2 tons per week
B. 100 pounds per week
C. 10 pounds per week
D. 5 pounds per week
Answer: C
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 8
What would you guess are some of the challenges we face when
collecting commercial and residential food scraps?
Contamination
Odor management
Rodents, raccoons, etc.
Flies, maggots, etc.
Bears
Frozen loads
Low route density
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
Long distances to outlet facilities
Very low contamination thresholds
Liquids management
Uneven or sloshing loads
Overweight carts
Cart cleanliness
Etc.
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Education &
Training
• Success hinges on good training
and education
• Custom sorting stations, signage,
decals, etc.
• Train-the-trainer sessions and
education materials
• Passionate and empowered
champion at each location
• Visual bin inspections and strong
communication
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 9
Once you’ve picked up source separated food waste, where can
you take it? What are some options?
*Each type of facility has limitations on what they can accept; know the rules!
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 10
How does EPA rank these different food waste recovery options?
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Processing: Compost and AD
Facilities
Anaerobic Digesters
• We operate and provide off-farm
feedstock to 2 MA dairy digesters
• Partnerships with other ADs
throughout the northeast
• Over 40,000 tons last year
Compost Facilities
• Most of our commercial & residential
FW goes to partner compost facilities
*We qualify our network of processors
based on compliance, insurance, etc.
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Photo courtesy of Cayuga Compost
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Recycling
Pre-Processing: On-Site Grinding Systems
Emerson InSinkErator Grind-2-Energy
• Customer-sited grinding system to
produce slurry suitable for
anaerobic digestion
• 10+ customers in/around Boston,
primarily groceries, one stadium
• We pump out the tank, usually
every 7-14 days, and transport to
nearby anaerobic digesters
Around 1,200 tons last year
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Pre-Processing: Off-Site Grinding Systems
W. Rutland Organics Recovery Facility
• Off-site, small-scale grinding
system to produce slurry suitable
for anaerobic digestion
• Feasibility/pilot study funded by
grant from Clean Energy
Development Fund and Green
Mountain Power
• Modifying design and equipment,
commissioning to begin fall 2016
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 11
Are there limitations on the types of food waste that may be fed
to livestock?
NY Article 5 Sec 72a http://codes.lp.findlaw.com/nycode/AGM/5/72-a
• “It shall be unlawful for any person to feed garbage, offal, or carcasses
whether cooked or uncooked to cattle, swine, or poultry… Violation of this
section shall constitute a class A misdemeanor.”
Ag guidelines http://www.agriculture.ny.gov/AI/Swine/Feeding-garbage-in-NYS.pdf
• Meat scraps, sausages, cold cuts, and meat trimmings are not to be fed.
However, certain discarded foods are not considered “garbage” and may be
fed to swine: dairy/cheese, outdated food from supermarkets (except meat),
outdated eggs, stale baked goods...
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 12
Are on-site processing systems good solutions for my customers?
It depends… Make sure you know what
you’re buying. Two main classes of systems:
1) On-site Composters / Digesters
• Produce a finished product
• Footprint, cost, operating demands
• Useful if off-site options are too far
away; for education (campuses)
2) On-Site Disposers / Dehydrators
• Discharge to drain and/or produce a
dehydrated solid
• Check local discharge guidelines
• Pre-processing for off-site compost
CASELLA RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
ZERO-SORT® RECYCLING • COLLECTION • ORGANICS • ENERGY • LANDFILLS
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Recycling
Continuing Education Credit
– Question 13
Does Food Waste Diversion save money?
No.
In fact, adding food waste service will most likely increase your
solid waste service costs.
• You’re asking another truck/driver to come out and collect a
new stream; solid waste costs are mostly in transportation.
The real way to save is by reducing the food you waste.
• ReFed report says average cost to buy food is $2.50 per pound
($5,000 per ton), significantly higher than disposal costs.
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Recycling
Resources
EPA Food Recovery Hierarchy
https://www.epa.gov/sustainable-management-food/food-recovery-hierarchy
NYSP2I Organic Resource Locator
https://www.rit.edu/affiliate/nysp2i/business-assistance/organic-resourcelocator
Recycling Works MA – food waste estimation
http://recyclingworksma.com/estimate-food-waste-commercial-organicmaterial-waste-ban/
ReFed Rethink Food Waste through Economics and Data
https://www.refed.com
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To learn more, please visit:
casella.com
Abbie Webb
Sustainability Director
[email protected]
RESOURCE SOLUTIONS
RECYCLING | COLLECTION | ORGANICS | ENERGY | LANDFILLS
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