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Unit 1 Matter- Intensive Properties
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Sketches
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What properties of matter can be used to determine its’ identity if it is unknown?
 In order to be able to determine the identity of an unknown substance, we need to use properties that
are unique and unchanging.
 These properties must be the same, regardless of how much of the sample is used.
 Therefore, we can use _____________________________________. However not all intensive
properties are unique, ex. malleability, luster, color….
 ____________________________Is an example of an intensive property that is sufficiently unique to
each type of matter, that can be used along with other intensive properties to adequately identify
unknown substances.
Density is a measure of how ____________________ packed the molecules of a substance are. Imagine that
each
is a molecule. Label the following boxes in order from least dense (1) to most dense (3)
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One thing that we know about density is that substances, solid or liquid, that ar______________ dense will
float in liquids that are _____________ dense.
Now order the following in terms of increasing density (smallest to largest): __________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________ <
________________ < _________________ < __________________
Cup #1 contains water and cup #2 contains rubbing alcohol. What happens when you put an ice cube into
each cup? Draw what happensCup #2
Rubbing Alcohol
Cup #1
Water
What can you tell us about the density of water, alcohol, and ice cubes?
Ice is (more/less) dense than liquid water? (circle one)
Ice is (more/less) dense than rubbing alcohol (circle one)
Liquid water is (more/less) dense that rubbing alcohol? (circle one)
Place in order of increasing density: _______________ < ____________________ < ________________
How do we measure density?
Density =


mass
volume
D = g/ml
or
D = g/cm3
Density is a derived unit (from mass and volume)
Density is an intensive property (independent of amount)
You can use a digital balance to measure mass. And you can calculate the volume of a box by measuring
the length, width, and height of the box.
Mass
Height
Volume = Length x width x height
Width
Length
This type of calculation is easy to do for objects that are shaped like boxes. However, not all objects come in
regular shapes. How can we measure the density of something like a rock?
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A little history:
In a well-known problem, Archimedes was given the task of determining whether King Hiero's
goldsmith was replacing his gold with another, cheaper alloy. Archimedes wanted to determine the density
of the metal, but he had to figure out a way to do it without melting the metal down and
smashing it into a cube or sphere, where the volume could be calculated more easily when
compared with the weight. Baffled, Archimedes took a bath and as he got in, he observed
the rise of the water in the bathtub. Therefore, he thought that maybe he could calculate
the volume of the metal by using the displacement of the water. Allegedly, upon this
discovery, Archimedes went running though the streets in the nude shouting, "Eureka!
Eureka!" (In Greek… "I found it").
Using this principle, find the density of a rock.
Rock
Mass (g)
Volume (mL)
Initial (water without rock):
Final (water with rock):
Difference (rock):
Density of the
rock (g/mL)
Show your work…
Now solve the following mathematical problems:
1. An object has a mass of 5.0 g and occupies a volume of 15.0 ml, what is its density?
2. An object with a mass of 10.0 g. It is placed in a graduated cylinder, which contains 50.0 ml of water, and
the water rises to 70.0 ml. What is the object’s density?
3. A sample with a density of 3.75 g/ml has a volume of 10.44 ml. What is the mass of the sample?
4. Place the following objects in order of increasing (smallest to largest) densities.
Object A: 4.5 g per 45 ml Object B: 10 mg per 10 ml
(1000mg = 1g)
___________________
<
Object C: 2300 g per 1.2 L
(1000ml = 1l)
___________________________
<
____________________
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Answer on your own sheet of paper
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Intensive Properties Homework: Answer the following density questions.
1. A rock occupies a volume of 20.0 cm3 and has a mass of 54 grams. What is its density?
2. You are unsure of the volume of a substance, but you know that it has a density of 4 g/ml and a mass of 16
grams. What is its volume?
3. You find an unknown substance, which has a density of 10.0 g/ml, and occupies a volume of 80.0 ml.
What is the mass of the unknown?
4. If the following objects are placed into a large beaker of water (density 1.000 g/cm3) how would they be
positioned? DRAW a picture and briefly explain why you placed them where you did.
Object A- styrofoam (D = .05 g/cm3) Object B- ice (D = .92 g/cm3) Object C- bone (D = 1.70 g/cm3
Object D- balsa wood (D = 0.16 g/cm3) Object E- Gold (D = 19.32 g/cm3)
5. A graduated cylinder has 22 ml (cm3) of water placed in it. An irregularly shaped object with a mass of
24 grams is then dropped in the graduated cylinder. If the volume of the graduated cylinder rises up to 30.0
ml (cm3), what is the volume of the object?
Volume =
Find the density of the object dropped into the graduated cylinder.
Density=
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Read the following Lab Procedure: Annotate the text using the markings found below;

Symbol
Meaning
Important
Key Words
I get it
Unfamiliar
Word
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Comments
?
!
I don’t
Understand
I’m
Surprised
Connection
I’m Thinking
Density of a Liquid (Graphical Analysis)
Introduction
In this lab activity, you will complete a data table, measure the mass and volume several times for a given
liquid and create a graph with the measured data. Using the measured data, examine the graph and
determine the mathematical relationship. HINT: A good way to remember how to calculate density is to
remember MOVED – mass over volume equals density.
Essential Question: How can physical properties of matter be classified, and which; physical
properties can be used to identify matter? How can density of matter be classified, and can it be used
to identify matter?
Equipment/Materials
toploader balance
distilled water
kimwipes
10 mL syringe
other liquid samples for testing
ruler
50 mL beaker
aluminum blocks
aluminum shot
Safety
Always wear goggles in the lab.
Read labels carefully and always handle substances with care.
Wash hands at the end of the lab.
Procedure
1.
Read the procedure and review the data table.
2.
Find the mass of a clean, dry 10 mL syringe and record it in all four places on the Data Table for
Distilled Water (because the same syringe will be used for all measurements for one liquid).
3.
Fill the syringe with distilled water to a volume of exactly 10.0 mL. The syringe may need to be filled
past 10.0 mL and then expel air bubbles and get volume of exactly 10.0 mL. (Be sure to get all air
bubbles out of the sample.) Record the volume in the Data Table.
4.
Wipe the outside of the syringe with a kimwipe so that the entire liquid sample to be measured is inside
the syringe.
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5. Find the mass of the syringe filled with liquid and record in the Data Table.
6.
To find the mass of liquid in the syringe, subtract the mass of the syringe from the mass of the liquidfilled syringe. Record this value in the Data Table.
7.
Discharge some of the liquid from the syringe and take another volume measurement. (Be sure to
follow your teacher’s instructions concerning where the liquid should be discharged.)
8.
Wipe the outside of the syringe again so that all liquid is on the inside of the syringe. Find the mass
again and record in the Data Table.
9.
Repeat Steps 6-8 two more times so that you have a total of four (4) data points (mass and volume
measurements) for that liquid.
10. After completing the water sample, follow Steps 1-8 for two other liquid samples.
11. Plot the data as mass vs. volume. All three liquids can be graphed on the same sheet of graph paper
provided you color-code the graphs in different ways and label the graph accordingly.
12. Use a ruler to draw the best straight line possible through the points on your graph.
a. Examine the units on the x and y axis.
b. Write the point-slope form of a line.
c. What value is on the y - axis? What value is on the x- axis?
d. Solve the point slope-form equation for slope, m.
e. What are the units for y/x?
f. What physical property has the units from part e?
g. Determine the slope for each line and include the correct units for the value.
13. Compare your result to the accepted density result for each liquid and calculate the % error for your
result using the following formula:
% error

accepted value  calculated value
x 100
accepted value
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