A STUDY OF VIOLA’S PERSONALITY
AS SEEN IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S
TWELFT NIGHT
THESIS
Presented to Wijaya Putra University in partial
Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Sarjana in English
Literature
By:
DOMINIKUS MADUN
28181026
WIJAYA PUTRA UNIVERSITY FACULTY
OF LETTERS, ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
SURABAYA
AUGUST 2012
APPROVAL SHEET I
This is to certify that the Sarjana‟s
Thesis of Dominikus Madun has
Been approved by the thesis advisor
Surabaya, July 2012
KHOIRIL, S.Pd
Advisor
APPROVAL SHEET BY THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS
This is to certify the Sarjana‟s thesis of Dominikus Madun has been approved by
the board of examiner‟s a requirement.
For the degree of Sarjana in English literature.
Thesis examining committee
Examiner I
Dra. Arjunani, MM
Examiner II
Yulis Setyowati, S.Pd.
Approved by
Dean, Fakulty of
letters
Dra. Arjunani, MM.
MOTTO
“THE STRUGGLE IS KEY OF SUCCESS”
This Thesis is Dedicated to:
My beloved Parents
: Gabriel / Elisabeth
My brother and sisters : Marselino / Yovita
My beloved heart
: Melinda
ABSTRACT
A STUDY VIOLA‟S OF PERSONALITY
Thesis by: Dominikus Madun
Program: S1
Department: English Department
Faculty: Faculty of Language and Literature
Institution : Wijaya Putra University
Key Word: Personality.
Literature is the reflection of life, contains peoples problem, thought, idea,
and feeling. Through literature, people understand another world that they never
know before, literature can teach us how to think and act that enrich our
experience. This statement is supported by graham little in his book entitled
Approach to literature: “literature adds to our understanding of life in the world
around us.
In analyzing Viola‟s personality as seen in Twelve Night by William
Shakespeare the writer finds out Viola‟s personality is resourceful, charming,
sociable and loyal. It can be seen in she can be accepted in her new environment,
she survives in strange land Illyria. With her charm, she wins the captain‟s
sympathy and Viola‟s gains the Duke‟s trust in three days only. Viola is person
who is friendly and easy to talk with other people. Viola is easy to associate with
new person. Viola is a loyal person, even though she falls in love for the Duke
Orsino, she agrees to do her duty as a love messenger for Olivia, someone who is
loved by the Duke.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background of The Study
God creates human being in many varieties, including the different
personality. That‟s why, none of us has exactly the same personality.
According to Frank. J Bruno in this book with the title behavior and life, He
says that: one way to think about personality is to define it as the active
organization of one‟s traits and into characteristic ways of responding to
situations and to other people” (1980: 375). It means that personality is one‟s
traits in responding to situation and to other people.
It explains about people‟s behavior to such situations, for instance in
difficult situation they look contused or relaxed and their behavior to other
people based on how they interact with other people, they are nice or rude to
other people.
People will behave differently in different situation and characteristics of
personality vary from time to time and palace to palace. One‟s personality
may change because of environment, culture, and education. Basically, the
personality of people is formed by his interaction with his society and
environment. Actually, people fine those events not only in reality, but also in
literary world.
Literature is the reflection of life, it contains people problem, thought,
idea, and feeling. Through literature, people understand another world that
1
2
they never know before, thus literature can teach us how to think and act that
enrich our experience. This statement is supported by Graham Little in his
book entitled Approach to literature: “literature adds to our understanding of
life in the world around us, it embodies thought and feeling and matters of
human importance” (1966: 2).
There are three major forms of literature such as drama, prose and poetry.
The writer chooses drama as the subject of the study because it is considered
as one of the most popular literary forms. It can be proved through: Approach
to literature that states “there is probably no form of literature more popular
than drama” (1966: 112). Drama also concerns ideas, feeling, thought as well
as emotion that presented through action and dialogue of character.
Among so many playwrights, the writer is interested in William
Shakespeare, he is considered as the greatest playwright from Elizabeth than
period. His works are famous and are able to enchant people who have ever
read his work.
Shakespeare has written sonnets, histories, tragedies, and comedies.
Comedy presents a vivid sense of the rules of conduct in a society and it is
usually thought of as a more intellectual imagination and then combining it
with real situation by using incredible words (Dryden 1962: 27).
In this thesis, the writer would like to discuss one the Shakespeare‟s work
that is twelfth night. In Twelfth Night the writer wants analyze on the main
characters and focuses on Viola‟s personality. Viola is the main character
whose action turns on her as the center of interest.
3
She displays resourcefulness and firmness in her quick acceptance new
situation. She gains the Duke„s trust in 3 days and wins the captain‟s
sympathy to keep secret she plays her two-fold part as a man and as a love
messenger but there is no one who suspects her identity.
In this thesis, the writer uses theory of psychology to analyze Viola‟s
personality. This theory is formally defined as the scientific of the behavior of
individuals and their mental process (Crider, 1983: 7).
1.2.Statement of The Problem
There are two problems that can be formulated as follows:
i) What is Viola‟s personality?
ii) What are the effects of Viola‟s personality on herself, Orsina and Olivia?
1.3.Objectives of The Study
Based on the statement of the problem, the objectives of the study are:
i) To describe Viola‟s personality
ii) To find out the effects of Viola‟s personality on herself, Orsina and Olivia
1.4.Significance
a. Theoretically
The writer expects that his thesis will encourage other student
interest in reading works. It is also hoped that it will develop their skill in
analyzing works of literature.
4
b. Practically
By understanding Viola‟s personality, the writer wants to remind
the reader that every person has own personality which influenced by the
traits in responding to situation and to other people. The one who has good
character is easily accepted in society.
1.5.Limitation
There are several elements of literature which can be analyzed from
twelfth night such as, theme, plot, conflict, dramatic irony, character and
personality. But in order to make discussion more specific, the writer focuses
on the personality of viola
1.6. Research Method
The writer use library research to write his thesis.
He also needs some references which have correlation with the topic that is
going to be analyzed.
To analyze the topic, the writer use the descriptive qualitative research
method, because the research is not statistic research after collecting, the
writer makes quotation, than selects and classifies the data and the data will be
analyzed with interpreted by using deductive and inductive technique of
writing.
The writer uses intrinsic approach because the study is concerned with the
elements in the literary works itself, for example character.
5
The writer also uses extrinsic approach that focuses on psychological
approach, which is intended to be shown about psychological process of
people who face the problem in their life. It is not only what people do but
also their feeling, thought and reasoning as James H. Pickering in his book
entitled an introduction to literary approaches:
“Psychological approach is an approach which deals with behavior and
mental process behavior not only includes what people do but also feeling,
thought, and reasoning (1993: 35)
1.7. Definition Of Key Term
Based on Encyclopedia Americana, personality is the sum of the patterns
of thinking, feeling and behaving that are characteristics of a person. There is
another definition of personality that is taken from psychology by Andrew B.
Crider:
Personality can be defined as the unique pattern of characterizing an
individual and the individual‟s interactions with the environment.
1.8. Organization Of The Thesis
The thesis consists of four chapters, and each chapter consists of several
subchapters. It begins with chapter one introduction that contains background
of the study statement of the problem. Objective of the study significance,
limitation, research method definition of key term and organization of the
thesis.
6
Chapter two is theoretical background that presents the explanation of
character, types of character, methods of characterization personality, types of
personality and the theory of psychology.
Chapter three is analysis that consists of viola‟s personality and the effects
of viola‟s personality on herself Orsino and Olivia.
Chapter four is conclusion. Here the thesis writer concludes the analysis of
the topic of discussion. It also followed with appendix that consists of
background of the author and synopsis of the story.
BAB II
THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
In this chapter, the writer presents the theory that concern the topic. They
are what character is, types of character, methods of characterization, what
personality is, types of personality and theory of psychology.
2.1. Character
Character is a person who is involved in the story. The character
makes up the center interest of drama and novel as one elements of drama,
character is very important because it makes of drama lively. The reader and
audience will know the author‟s thought character because character brings
the author‟s idea. This statement is supported by the quotation taken from
Edgar. V Robert in his book Literature : An Introduction to Reading and
writing. He says : character is the first element that makes a story reliable and
lively.
Though the character action expression and their attitude, a writer
conveys his idea. That is why a story cannot be sparated from its character “
(1986 : 10).
Edgar V Robert in Writing themes about literature (1977 : 10-11),
states that character refers to person, human being and literary figure related
to on individual personal qualities and characteristics.
7
8
He defines that character in literature is as the author‟s creation,
through the medium of word, of a personality who takes on actions, thoughts,
expression and attitudes. Thus, character will show such personality, through
an action, thought, expression and activities.
According to C. Hugh Holman in his book A Hand Book to literature,
he says : “Character is a complicated term that includes. The idea of the moral
constitution of the human personality, the presence of moral uprightness, and
the simpler nation of the presence of creatures in art that seem to be human
being of one short or another (1986 : 81).
From the quotation above the writer can conclude that character is a
tool that reputed as completeness of presentation to convey the another‟s
imagination into the situation and condition of the story.
2.2. Types of Character
William Kenney in the book entitled how to analyze fiction (1966 :
29) says that there are two types of character in literary work, they are flat
character and round character.
a. Flat Character
Simple (flat) character is less the representation of human
personality then embodiment of single attitude or obsession in a character
it means that the trait‟s of a certain character never changes from the
beginning to the end of the story.
9
For instance, if a character appears to be a shy person at the
beginning of the story, he is still a shy person at the end of the story this
character does not have change.
b. Round Character
Complex (round) character is obviously more like that the simple
because in the life people are not simply embodiment of single attitude,
(Kenney 1966 : 29).
The statement above shows that round character is character that
have changed and modified by action and experiences. For example,
character that is coward at the beginning of the story can change into a
brave one : he has faced a lot of experiences in his life that force him to be
brave.tis character is more complex.
Another definition about flat character and round character is given
by Harry show in Dictionary of literary term, as follows :
A flat character is not fully developed, lock complexity, never
surprise that rather by what the does or says. Conversely, a round character
has depth, complexity, full development, and capable of convincingly
surprising in the reader (1972 : 161-162).
According to Dictrich in The Character Of Fiction (1974 : 75), he
divides character into two types : they are major character and minor
character.
10
Major character is character that usually shows up in almost all parts
of the story and the has a big role in the story. Will minor character only
supports the role of the major character.
2.3. Methods of Characterization
In reading drama, the readers should understand how the characters
are represented. The way of writer representing the character in his story to
the readers is called characterization. Character and characterization cannot
be separated, because both of them give influence to each other.
According to Hand Book of literary them, there is the techniques an
another uses to reveal the personality and character describes a character
through character‟s physical appearence, his speech and action, and the
attitudes of other characters toward him.
A Hand Book to literature written by C. Hugh Holman pertains three
methods of characterization in fiction, namely:
(1) The explicit presentation by the author through the direct exposition of the
character.
(2) The presentation of the character in action, with little or no explicit
comment by another in the expectation that the readers will know
attributes of the character from their action.
(3) The presentation from within a character without any comment on the
character by the author, of the impact of action on the character inner self,
11
with the expectation that the reader will know and understand the
attributes of the character (1960 : 26).
Linda cook son in her book entitled Hand Book of literary terms
introduce methods of characterization such as follows:
“An author reveals a character‟s personality and by describing his”.
(1) Physical appearance.
(2) Speech and action.
(3) Inner thought and feelings.
(4) His effect on other character‟s (1987 : 517).
Based on the quotation above can be concluded through physical
appearance, speech and action, inner thought and feeling and also his effect
on other character, the author described a character‟s personality and traits.
2.4. Personality
There are many books and dictionaries that give the definition of
personality, so the writer inserts some of those definitions to support in
understanding. Basically, the term personality is derived from the latin word
“persona which means” mask. During the Ancient Greek, actor used a mask
to hide their identity on stage (Hurlok, 1974 : 6).
According to Ross Stagner in his book entitled Psychology of
Personality.
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“personality is the organizatoin within the individual of those
perpetual, cognitive, emotional, and motivational system which determine his
unique responses to his environment” (1974 : 3).
Based on quotation above, personality that refers to distinctive
characteristics of on individual, in responding his environment. Actually each
person has his own personality, people respond the environment and
surrounding in different way. His opinion is supported by James (Megaug and
Richard F. Thomson in psychology I, An Experimental Approach, that states “
personality is defind as a description of those consistencies in behavior,
which distinguish an individual from other” (1977 : 351).
Another definition is given by floyd allport in the book psychology
of personality, as follows :
“personality is the individual‟s characteristic reactions to social
stimuli and the quality of his adaption to the social features of his
environment”. (Stagner, 1975 : 5).
From the Quotation above it can be that personality means the
characteristic of person as reaction to other people and his interaction to
environment. The personality of person relates to hi environment. It always
exists in relationship with other people. In its development, one‟s personality
may change, people will behave differently in different vary from time to
time and palace to palace.
The
personality determines
a
person‟s
adjustment
environment. It is supported by Rita L. Atkinson and Richard.
to
the
13
C. Atkinson in introduction to psychology (1981 : 383), who says
that “personality as the characteristic patterns of behavior and modes of
thinking that determine a person,s adjusment to the environment” thus the
changes of one‟s personality are caused by environment and culture.
Personality is also used to imply personal attractiveness, the ebility
to withstand hardships and other specific qualities (Stagner, 1974 : 5), it
means that personality is used to identify a general intergration of responses
and an individual style of life.
Every personality is unique none of us has exatly the same
personality. It is supported by J.P Guilford in the book Behavior and live that
writen by Frank J. Bruno. He says: An individual‟s personality, then his
unique patterns of trait‟s (1980 : 376) this definition notes the importance of
the word unique, an emphasis on how a person is distinguished from others.
One‟s personality is different from other‟s it determines their abilities to
interact with other people.
2.5. Types Of Personality
The discussion of personality will not be complete without knowing
the types of personality. Hippocrates in the book behavior and live by Frank
J. Bruno states that there are four basics types of personality related to man
humors.
They are melancholic (depressed), choleric (irritable) sanguine
(optimistic) and phlegmatic (calm).
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The other major ideas are proposed by Carl Jung in the book
psychology the day an introduction (1983 : 420). He dividies personality into
two types.
There are introversion and extroversion :
Introversion : the person withdrows interest from the external world
and consequently is quiet, reserved and cautious.
Extraversion : the person is primarily oriented to the external world
and this is out going, sociable, and exitement seeking.
It can be concluded that introvert person is someone who tands to be
alone, behaves as it shy, when confronted by stresses in their lives, they tand
to withdraw into theme selves. One the contrary, extrovert mean someone
who is not all shy they prefe to spend time with other people rather than
alone. When confronted by stresses extrovert likely to seek out a group to talk
thing over. It is supported by Hans Eysenk, he combines hippocrates and
Galens theory based on the observation which are made by Jung and Wilhelm
is devided into two matrix of personality which are called introversion.
Hans Eysenk also divides the personality type into four types.
Firstly, melancholic it describes someone who is quiet pessimistic, unsociale,
sober, rigid, moody, anxious, depressed and reserved. It is the combination of
introvert and emotional unstability. The second type is chorelic, it is used to
describe someone who is active, optimistic, impulsive, changeable, irritable,
exitable and aggressive. It is combination of extrovert and emotional
unstability.
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The third is sanguine, its characteristic are sociable out going, talk
active, responsible, easy going, lively and leader like. It is the combination of
extrovert and emotional stability. The last is phlegmatic, it describes someone
who is pasive. cheerful, peaceful, controlled, reliable, and calm, it is
combination of introvert and emotional stability.
2.6. Theory Of Psychology
In this thesis, the writer use theory of psychology to analyze Viola‟s
personality. This theory is formally difined as the scientific of the behavior of
individual‟s and their mentals process. Behavior is any activity that can be
observed, recorder, and measured it also includes what people say or write.
In
addition,
behavior
includes
psychological,
or
bodily
changes
(Crider, 1983 : 5) . on the other hand, mental process includes thoughts,
emotion, motivation dreams, perception and beliefs.
As people know personality has relationships with behavior and
mental process, behavior is the result of interaction between personality
characteristic and the social and physical of environment.
Personality psychology is the study of individual‟s, with special
emphasis on understanding what make a person unique (Crider, 1983 : 370).
Psychology of personality tries to describe and explain individuals
differences, and synthesize many processes that influence individuals.
One of the theories of psychology which talks about personality is
trait theories. Trait theories attempt to learn what traits make up personality
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and how the relater to actual behavior (coon 1992 : 451). More than other
personality theorists, trait theorists emphasize and tray to explain the
consistance of human behavior. Some psychologists, among them Gordon
Allport, Regard traits as real entities that exist in the mind. Most other theorist
consider traits to be no more than useful devices for answering the two key
questions about the uniqueness and consistancy of human behavior. To the
questions, why do not all people respond to the some way ? the trait theorist
would answer, “Because they do not all have the same traits, or they do not
have them to the same degree”. To the questions, “why does each person
respond to different situations in relatively consistent manner ? “the trait
theorist would answer because a person‟s basic traits do not change easily or
quickly” (Hall, 1983 : 445).
CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the writer would like to analyze the problems that have
already been stated in the statement of the problem. This chapter consists of two
points. They are Viola‟s personality and the effects of Viola‟s personality on
herself, Orsino and Olivia.
3.1. Viola’s Personality
Viola is one of the main characters who action turns on her as the
center of interest in the story.
She is a person who has good ability and performance in confirming herself
in society.
She is accepted in her new environment.
It shows that she has good personality. Thus, the writer wants to explain
Viola‟s personality.
3.1.1. Resourceful
The first personality of Viola is that she is a resourceful person.
She can do fast and effectively in each situation. She is ship wrecked
off and separated from her twin brother Sebastian. She is in a strange
and without her beloved brother whom she believes lost. When the
captain gives information about Olivia, Viola wants to serve Olivia.
17
18
She thinks that it is her opportunity to continue her life. It is shown in
dialogue as follows :
Captain : A virtuous maid, the daughter of a count that
died some twelve month since, than leaving
her in the protection of his son, her brother,
who shortly also died : for whose dear love
(They Say) she hath abjured the sight and
company of men.
Viola :
O that I served that lady,
and might not be delivered to the world till I
had made mine own occasion mellow what my
estate is (p. 25).
From the dialogue above it is clear that Viola shows her
resourcefulness, she says that she wants to serve Olivia his time that
can make her future know.
Viola changes her mind at once when captain present the
difficulties of gaining access to Olivia. So, she wants to enter Orsino‟s
service, the Duke of Illyria who loves Olivia, and she disguises herself
as a man.
Viola‟s idea to enter Orsino‟s service is proof that Viola is resourceful
her resourcefulness can be seen through the dialogue below :
Captain : That were hard to compass
Because she will admit no kind of suit
No, not the Duke’s.
Viola :
There is a fair behavior in the captain and
though, that nature. With a beauteous wall dot
oft close in pollution : yet of thee I will believe
thou hast a mind that suits with this thy fair and
outward character I prithee (and I’ll pay thee
bounteously) conceal me what I am, and be my
aid, for such disguise as haply shall become.
The form of my intent I’ll serve this Duke, thou
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shalt present me as an eumcla to him, it my be
worth thy paints : for I can sing, and speak to
him in many sorts of music that will a low me
very worth his service : what else may hap, to
time I will commit, only shape thou thy silence
to my wit. (p. 25-26).
The though dialogue above shows that the captain tells to Viola
about the difficulty to become Olivia‟s confidante. After that Viola
uses her resourcefulness, Viola changes her mind, she convinces that
she can enter to Orsino‟s trust with her skill in music and song. Viola
asks the captain to keep her identity secret.
3.1.2. Charming
Viola is a charming person, her personality makes few of the
characters in the story influenced. Viola wins the captain‟s sympathy
on her first appearance and readily give help and advice, with promise
to keep secret about her identity. In Illyria, the palace where Viola is
ship wrecked of and separated from her brother, Viola confuses with
the situation but the captain of ship tells her not to worry about her
brother‟s condition because he believes that Viola‟s brother is still
alive.
Viola is little bit happy to hear the news, but she does not believe that
her brother is still alive.
When he arranges her future to serve Orsino, the captain readily helps
her to keep her secret. It is shown though the dialogue of follows :
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Viola :
That will allow me very worth his service what
else may hap, to time I will commit, only shape
thou thy silence to my wit.
Captain :
Be you eunuch, and your mute I’ll be, when my
tongue blabs, then let mine eyes not see.
Viola :
I thank thee : lead me on (p. 26)
The captain helps Viola to keep a secret about her identity, it
shows that Viola wins captain‟s sympathy to help her. Thus, it can be
concluded Viola is a women who is charming at the first appearance
she com take the captain‟s sympathy to help her and give advice.
The other proof which shows Viola is a charming person is that
she gains the Duke‟s trust only in three days. Besides with her
resourcefulness and intelligence, Viola is also charming in facing
other people. Thus, she can get the Duke‟s trust only in three days.
Even though in the beginning, Viola is stranger to the Duke, but she
can become the Duke‟s confidante. It can be seen though Valentine‟s
statement, as follows :
Valentine : If the Duke continue these favours to wards you
Cesario, you are like to be much advanced he hath
known you but three days, and already you are not
stranger.
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Viola :
You either fear his humour, or may negligence,
that you call in question, the continuance of his
love.
Is he inconstant sir, in his favours ?
Valentine :
No believe me. (p. 31)
From the dialogue above it is clear that as a new page Viola
gains the Duke‟s trust.
Valentine tells that Viola has already been the Duke‟s confidante only
in three days, and he says that Viola is not a stranger to the Duke,
even though Viola is still a new page.
3.1.3. Sociable
The threeth Viola‟s personality is sociable.
Viola is a person who is friendly and easy to talk with other people.
She is accepted in her new environment .
She easily get the Duke‟s trust and becomes the Duke‟s confidante
only. The Duke asks her to approach Olivia and Conveys his love
though Viola as Cesario.
The Duke Orsino thinks that Viola can do her job well.
He believes Viola can touch Olivia‟s heart, because Viola is a sociable
person, she is easy to talk with other people.
It can be seen though the dialogue below :
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Valentine : If the Duke continue these favour to word’s
you Cesario, you are like to be much
advanced be bath known you but three days
and already you are no stranger.
Viola : You either fear his famous, or my negligence,
that you call in question the continuance of his
love.
Valentine : No believe me. (p. 31).
From the quotation above it is clear that Viola is a sociable
person.
Valentine states that Viola is no stranger to the Duke, even
though she still new page. She is easy to get the Duke trust.
After the Duke gives Viola the duty to approach Olivia, Viola
does her duty well. She goes to meet Olivia and approach in behalf of
the Duke.
Actually, Viola meets her rival since she falls in love to the
Duke Orsino, but she still has good attitude toward Olivia.
Instead, Viola praises Olivia‟s beauty and easily talks with Olivia.
Olivia explains the Duke‟s love to Olivia, she is still friendly even
though she faces her rival in the Duke‟s love.
It shows that Viola easily associate with every person.
It can be proved though the dialogue below :
Olivia : O sir I will not be so hard-hearted : I will give
out divers schedules of my beauty.
It shall be inventoried and every particle and
utensil label to my will : as, item two lips
indifferent red : item two grew eyes, with lids to
them : item one neck one chin and so forth.
Where you sent hither to praise me ?
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Viola : I see you what you are, you are too proud :
But if you were the devil, you are fair.
My lord and master loves you : O such love
could be but recompensed though you were
crowed the nonpareil of beauty.
Olivia : how does he love me ?
Viola : with adorations, fertile tears.
With groans that thunder love, with sighs of fair
(p. 40).
From the dialogue above it is clear that Viola explains the
Duke‟s selling to Olivia. Before that, Viola praises Olivia‟s beauty,
even though she is her rival. It shows that Viola‟s personality is
sociable. She easily enters to Olivia‟s heart at the first appearance.
It can be concluded that Viola is a sociable person. The other proof
which shows that Viola is sociable is when she comes again in
Olivia‟s palace on her second mission from the Duke. She meets the
clown of Olivia in Olivia‟s garden, Viola easily to talk with him and
tell her feeling. It can be proved though Viola‟s statement, she states,
“I am almost sick for one”. (p. 63) it means that Viola is easy to
associate with new person.
3.1.4. Loyal
The last Viola‟s personality analyzed by the writer is Viola‟s
loyalty. Voila is a loyal person. When the Duke asks her to approach
Olivia for his behalf, Viola promises to do. The Duke give his trust to
Viola as the Duke Orsino‟s confidant, it makes Viola do her job as
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well the Duke‟s trust to her. Even though she saffers because she
cannot reveal her love since she loves the Duke, she does not refuse
the Duke‟s request to approach Olivia.
It can be seen though the dialogue below :
Duke : Stand you a while aloof Cesario.
Thou know’ s no less, but all : I have unclasped
to thee the book even of my secret soul. Therefore
good youth, address thy gait into her, be not
Deni’d access, stand at her doors. And tell them,
there thy fixed foot shall grow. Till thou have
audience.
Viola : Sure my noble cold. If she be so abandoned to her
sorrow. As it is spoke, she never will admit me
(p. 31).
From the dialogue above, it is clear that Viola wants to do the
Duke‟s request, even though she must speak with her rival in the
Duke‟s love. It shows that Viola is loyal with her master.
It is also supported by Viola‟s statement, she realizes that she
loves the Duke Orsino, but she must carry the Duke‟s love massages
to another woman. She will do her job to show her loyalty for the
Duke Orsino. It is shown in Viola‟s speech below :
Viola : I will do my best.
Too woo your lady, yet, a barful strife !
Whoer I woo, myself would be his wife (p. 32).
When Viola visits Olivia, she finds difficulties to speak with
Olivia, because Olivia refuses to meet the Duke‟s page.
25
Finally, Olivia wants to meet Viola because Viola compels to speak
with her. In their conversation, Olivia does not admit that she is lady
of the house, she asks Viola to say her purpose to meet Olivia, but
Viola cannot say her purpose if she does not meet Olivia herself. She
wants to show her loyal to the Duke. It can be seen from the dialogue
below :
Viola : The honourrable lady of the house, which is she ?
Olivia : Speak to me, I shall answer for her : your will ?
Viola : Most radiants, exquisite, and unmatchable beauty I
pray you tell me if this be the lay of the house to I
never saw her. I would be loath to cast away my
speech : for besides that it is excellently well
penn’d, I have taken great pains to con it. Good
beauties, let me sustain no scorn : I am very
compatible, even to the least sinister usage.
Olivia : Whence came you sir ?
Viola : I can little more than I have studied, and that
question’s out my part. Good gantle one give me
that I, my proceed in my speech (p. 37-38).
Basically, Viola falls in love for the Duke Orsino, on the
contrary she agrees to do her duty as a love massage to someone who
is loved by the Duke.
It means she must meet her rival in the Duke‟s love.
Even though is it hard Viola does her duty well, she conveys the
Duke‟s love massage for Olivia.
Actually, her hearth is little bit happy when Olivia refuses the Duke‟s
love, but she still tries to convince Olivia about the Duke‟s love.
26
It can be seen from the dialogue below :
Viola : I see you what you are, you are too proud : But if
you were the devil, you are fair : My lord and
master love you : O such love could be but
recompensed though you were crowd the
nonpareil of beauty.
Olivia : How does love me ?
Viola : with adoration, fertile tears, with groans the
thunder love, with sigh of fine.
Olivia : Your lord does know my mind, I cannot love him.
(p. 40).
From the dialogue above, it is clear that Viola conveys the Duke‟s
love, she convinces that love of the Duke is Very deep. Viola is loyal to
her master, the Duke Orsino, even though she also lives to the Duke, she
still tries to persuade Olivia to accept love of the Duke.
The Duke Orsino orders Viola to meet Olivia again, it is for the
second mission to convince the Duke‟s love again.
Viola still agrees to do her duty, she will prove her loyalty to the Duke by
her death. It can be seen though Viola‟s statement below :
Viola : And I must Jocund, and willingly to do you rest, a
thousand deaths would die (p. 95).
3.2. The Effects of Olivia’s Personality on herself Orsino and Olivia
In analyzing Viola‟s personality, the writer also explain the effect of
Viola‟s personality. As people know the personality of someone will bring
effect on other people and herself. Likewise with Viola‟s personality, it
27
brings effect on herself, Orsino and Olivia. The effect of her personality are
discussed in detail in the following.
3.2.1. The effect of Viola’s personality on herself
The writer has explained in sub-chapter previous that Viola is
the main character who has good personality such as resourceful,
charming sociable and loyal.
Her personality brings many effects on herself.
Viola is a stranger in Illyria, she doesn‟t know anybody there,
but she can survive in her new environment.
Formerly, she confuses about her condition, she misses her beloved
brother and in a strange island, there is no one who knows her.
Because of her resourcefulness, she can arrange her future with her
idea to be lady Olivia‟s servant.
When the captain tells the difficulties of gaining access to Olivia.
Viola changes her mind to enter the Duke‟s service. It can be seen
though the dialogue below :
Viola : O that I served that lady,
And might not be delivered to be world.
Till I had made mine own action mellow,
What my state is
Captain : That were hard to compass because she will
admit no kind of suit. No not the Duke’s.
Viola : ........I’ll serve this Duke
Thou shalt present me as can eunuch to him (p.
25-26).
28
Her resourcefulness brings her to disguise as a man, even though
she disguises, she is guileless. She unable to express her feelings for
the Duke. It can be proved though Viola statement. “I am almost sick
for one” (p. 63). It means that she is unhappy because of her love to
the Duke. Viola‟s resourcefulness and intelligence make her easy to
do her plan. She is easy to again the Duke‟s trust only in three days.
She becomes the Duke‟s confidante, thus she must do her duty which
given by the Duke. Basically, her own choice to be the Duke‟s servant
bring herself in dilemma. Viola falls in love for the Duke, but she
cannot reveal her love because of her disguise. Instead she must go the
lady Olivia to approach her in behalf of the Duke. If Viola states her
love to the Duke, it means she open her identity.
It can be seen through Viola‟s statement below :
Viola : I’ll do my best
Too woo your lady : yet a barful strife, whoe’sr I
woo, I myself would his wife (p. 32).
In the and of the story, finally Viola fins her happeness.
The Duke accepts her to be his fiwe. Even though, previously the
Duke is very angry with Viola. Because of viola‟s innocence, the
Duke can understand Viola‟s condition. It makes Viola is very happy.
Her personality brings her into happiness. She promises to serve the
Duke every time, she wants to show her loyalty to the Duke.
29
It can be proved from the dialogue below :
Duke : Be not amazed right noble is his blood :
If this be so, as yet the glass seems true, I shall
have share in this most happy wrack : Boy, than
last said to me a thousand times than never
should love women like tome.
Viola : And all those sayings, will I over-swear,
And all those swearings keep as true in soul,
As doth that orbed continet, the fire,
That serves day from night.
Duke : Give me thy hand
And let me see thee in thy woman’s weeds (p.
100).
The dialogue above, it is clear that Viola gains her dream. She is
successful in her dream achievement. Even though, she finds many
difficulties in reach her wises, but finally she is very happy. She also
finds beloved brother again.
3.2.2. The effects of Viola personality on Orsino
Besides bringing the effect on herself, Viola‟s personality also
brings effects on the Duke Orsino. Duke Orsino is the ruler of Illyria,
he love music very much and he is love for Olivia. The Duke gives his
trust on Viola only in three days their appearance, it is because of
Viola‟s charm. He open his secret about his love to Viola. Viola can
gain his trust. The Duke believes that Viola is a correct person to share
his problem. It can be seen, when Orsino states “I have uclapd, to thee
the book even of my secret soul” (p. 31). It means, he wants to tell his
feeling about Olivia to Viola.
30
Orsino praises Viola‟s charm and beauty, when he asks Viola to
do her job as a love messenger to Olivia. Orisino trusts to Viola‟s
skills, he believes Viola can do her duty. The Duke‟s makes Viola
becomes his confidant. He convinces Viola that Viola‟s intelligent and
talent can do her duty well.
It can be seen though the statement below :
Duke : Dear lad, believe it :
For they shall yet belie thy happy years,
That say thou art a man : Diana’s lip
Is not more smooth, and rubious : Thy small pipe
is as the maiden’s organ, shrill and sound and all
is semblative a women’s part.
I know thy constellation is right apt.
For this affair : Some four of five attend him.
All if you will : for I myself am best.
When least in company : Prosper well in this, and
thou shalt live as freely as thy lord, to call his
fortunes thine (p. 32).
From the dialogue above it can be concluded that the Duke
Orsino praises Viola, he thinks Viola can approach Viola, because
Viola has nice looks. Good sounds and charmed person.
He believes Viola‟s personality can help her to approach Olivia.
The Duke trust to Viola, he does not suspect Viola‟s disguise, it
is because of Viola‟s intelligence in hiding her true identity.
Even though, in their conversation, Viola is in half revealing her love
to the Duke, but he is does not know what Viola means. He does not
put suspicion to Viola, instead he suggests Viola to love a young
person than a person who has some age as him.
31
He believes Viola is a true man, it is because her intelligence in
speech and hides her identity.
It can be seen though the dialogue below:
Duke : What kind of woman isn’t ?
Viola : Of your complexion
Duke : He is not worth thee then what years I faith ?
Viola : About your years my lord
Duke : To old by heaven : let still the women take an
elder than herself, so wears she to him.
So says she level in her husband’s heart :
For boy, however we do praise ourselves our
fancies are more giddy and unfirm more longing,
wavering. Sooner last and worn,
Than women’s are (p. 52).
The Duke Orsino is very angry when Viola‟s disguise is
revealed, he considers Viola betrays him.
He thinks Viola a betrayer Orsino is disappointed with Viola as long
as he knows Viola, he always trusts to Viola in considers Viola is his
confidant. Viola apologizes to the Duke. She wants redeem her
mistakes with anything ways.
Finally, the Duke forgives Viola‟s mistakes, he understand Viola, and
he accepts Viola to be his wife.
It is because he thinks Viola is innocence, Viola does not have bad
purpose to his. The Duke Orsino realizes that actually Viola is very
loyal.
32
It can be proved from the Duke‟s statement below :
Duke : Be not amazed right noble is his blood : If this be
so, as yet the glass seems true, I shall have share
in this most happy wrack : Boy, thou last said to
me a thousand times thou never should love
women like to me (p. 100).
The Duke realizes that Viola loves him very much. He promised to
make Viola happy. He know, actually Viola does not quality, she only
wants to get her dream as the Dukes wife. He understands Viola‟s
condition, after that, everything will be better.
3.2.3. The effects of Viola’s personality Olivia
Viola‟s personality also brings effect on Olivia. Olivia is a lady
who is loved by Orsino. Olivia mourns about her brother‟s dead. She
refuses to open her face in the public, she promises to veil her face for
seven years, but when Viola comes to her house, everything changes.
At the first appearances, Olivia agrees unveil her face, it is because
Viola‟s charm is very strong. Viola changes Olivia‟s decision. It can
be seen in dialogue below:
Olivia : O’I have read it : it is heresy. Have you no more
to say ?
Viola : Good madam, let me see your face.
Olivia : Have you any commission from your lord, to
negotiate with may face : you are now out your
text : but will draw the curtain, and show you
picture, look you sir, such a one I was this
present : is not well done ?
Viola : Excellently done, if god did all.
33
Olivia : This grain sir, twill endure wind and weather
(p. 39).
From the dialogue above it can be concluded that Viola brings
change to Olivia. When Viola asks Olivia to open her veil, Olivia
agrees to do it. It shows that Viola‟s personality gives effect on Olivia.
Viola comes to Olivia to convey the Duke‟s love, but Olivia rejects
the Duke‟s love, she says cannot love him, instead Olivia asks Viola
to come again in her house. Basically, Olivia has fallen in love with
Viola. She admits to herself that the Duke‟s page, Cesario, is truly
noble in speech, looks, figure, deeds and soul. Olivia is ready to do
anything to meet Viola again and sends Malvolio to pursue Viola to
give her ring. It can be shown though Olivia, statement below :
Olivia : What is you parentage ?
Above my fortunes, yet my state is well, I am
gentlemen I’ll be sworn thou art : Thy tongue,
thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit, do give
three five-fold blazon : not to fast : soft, self
unless the master were the man. How now ?
Even so quickly may one catch the plague ?
Me thinks I fed this youth’s perfections.
With an invisible, and subtle stealth.
To creep in at mine eyes. Well, let it be
What hoa. Malvolio.
(enter Molvolio)
Molvolio : Her madam, at your service
Olivia : Run after that some peevish messenger. The
country’s man : he left this ring behind him.
(p. 41).
Olivia praises Viola‟s personality, she says that Viola‟s speech,
appearance, figure, action and her spirit is like a noble person. She
34
orders Malvolio to give Viola a ring. It shows that Olivia falls in love
to Viola at the first sight.
When Viola comes again in Olivia‟s home to convince the
Duke‟s love for Olivia. Olivia does not want to talk about the Duke‟s
love for Olivia. Olivia does not want to talk about the Duke Orsino,
she wants to know about Viola and considers Viola in the best person.
Olivia does not suspect Viola‟s identity, even though Viola says that
“I am not what I am” (p. 66). Which has meaning that Viola is not
herself because she disguises herself.
Finally, Olivia states her love to Viola, she cannot hide her feeling and
passion. She wishes Viola will accept her love.
It can be seen though the dialogue below:
Olivia : O what a deal of scorn, looks beautiful !
In the content and anger of his lip, A murderous
quilt show not itself more soon, than love that
would seem hid : love’s night, is noon, Cesario,
by the roses of the spring, by maid-hood
honour, truth and everything, I love thee so, that
maugre all thy pride, wor with, nor reason, can
my passion hide : do not extort reasons from
this clause, for that I woo, thou therefore hast
not cause : but rather reason thus, with reason
fexter love sought, is good : but given unsought,
is better (p. 66).
Olivia woo Viola, she says if Viola is angry, she looks beautiful.
Olivia cannot hide her passion, she states her love directly. Even
though Viola does not accept Olivia‟s love, Olivia still wishes Viola‟s
arrival. Viola really drives her crazy. Olivia also says that she gives
35
her love to Viola (Cesario) only. It can be concluded Viola‟s
personality brings effect on Olivia life.
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Based on the previous analysis, the writer concludes, that Viola‟s
personality is resourceful, charming, sociable and loyal. For her personality, Viola
can be accepted in her new environment. She survives in strange land Illyria.
Viola is a resourceful person, she disguises herself as a man when she
wanted to be the Duke‟s servant. She finds many ways to convey Orsino‟s
massage for Olivia. Her dare in disguising as a man and the Duke‟s servant is
accompanied by strong intelligence. She uses her intelligence in conversation with
other people. With her charm, she wins the captain‟s sympathy on her first
appearance and she readily help and advice. Viola gains the Duke‟s trust in three
days, because of her skills in music and her intelligence as well as her subtle
charm. Viola is a person who is friendly and easy to talk with other people. Viola
is easy to associate with new person.
Viola is a loyal person, even though she falls in love for the Duke Orsino,
she agrees to do her duty as a love messenger for Olivia, someone who is loved by
the Duke. Instead, she convinces Olivia to accept the Duke‟s love. The effect of
Viola‟s personality on herself is that she can not reveal her love to the Duke
Orsino, her own choice to be the Duke‟s servant brings herself in dilemma.
Disguise is a man, make her love for Orsino : as a woman, she cannot accept
Olivia love. But she finds her happiness when the Duke‟s accepts her to be his
wife.
36
37
Her personality makes her successful in her dream achievement. The effect
of Viola only in three days and he believes Viola is a correct person to share his
problem. The Duke become understand Viola‟s condition when her disguise is
revealed. Instead, he accepted Viola to be his wife. Viola‟ personality brings
changes to Olivia. She agrees Viola‟s request to unveil her face, even though she
promises to veil her face for seven years. Olivia falls in love for viola as Cesario,
at the first sight. Olivia cannot hide her feeling and she wishes Viola to accept her
love.
Suggestion :
The writer wants to remind the reader that every person has his own
personality which influenced by the traits responding to situation and to other
people. So the writer suggest that is be very important the following researcher
studying about other point of view of this work, not from personality point of
view.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Andrew, WT. 1962. Critics on Shakespeare. London : George Allen and un wit
ltd Atkinson, Rita. L. 1981. Introduction to psychology. University of
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Bruno, Frank J. 1980. Behavior and lives an Introduction to psychology. United
states Cookson, Linda. 1987. Hand Book of literary terms. London.
Crider, Andrew. B. 1983. Psychology today : An Introduction. USA : Random
House, Inc Dietrich. 1971. The character of fiction. New York : Ring Hart
and Wiston.
Carl Jung : Psychology the day an introduction (19836 : 420)
, 1966 Enclopedia Americana. USA : Grolier Incorporated.
Holman, C. Hugh 1986. A hand book to literature. New York : Macmillan
Publishing Company.
Hal, R. Ellizabeth 1983. Psychology today : An Introduction. USA : Random
House, Inc Kenney, Williams. 1966. How to analyze fiction. New York :
Monarch press little, Graham 1966. Approach to literature. Australia :
Science press, N.S.W. me Gough, James L and Thomson, Richard F 1977.
Psychology I : an experimental approach. California : Albion publishing
company.
Loon, Dennis. 1992. Introduction to psychology : Exploration and Application.
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Pickering, James H. 1993 An introduction to literary approaches. New York :
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Hall. Inc.
Shakespeare, William. Twelfth night, England : penguin popullar classic shaw,
Harry. 1972. Dictionary of literary Terms, USA : Mc graw Hill, Inc.
APPENDIX
I.
The Biography of Author
William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in Startford on
Avon, a town of about two thousand in habitats England.
The Parish registry of the church of the trinity.
Startford on Avon, records that Shakespeare was baptized on April 26 1564.
He was the third child on Jhon Shakespeare, the merchant, and Mary Arden,
who come from a wall established land owning family in warwickshire,
where Startford is situated.
Shakespeare was growing up in Startford.
Has was entering a fine grammar school (Academic high school)
And like must Elizabethan school boys he must have learned latin, and
probably some Greek.
He did not go up to a university, possibly because of the financial reserve of
his father. On November 27 1582, Shakespeare, who was eighteen and a half,
married Anne Hathaway of shottery, who was eight years older than he.
There is no evidence that the marriage was happy or unhappy.
Their first child, Susanna, was baptized on may 26 1583, and the twins,
Hamment and Judith, on February 22 1585.
Between about 1583 and 1613 Shakespeare wrote about playns in a
great variety of genres. The periods of his plays and the title are :
a. The early plays (1590 : 1597) : The comedy of errors, Titus
Andronicus, two gentlemen of Verona, love’s labour’s lost. The
taming of shrew, Henry VI, Richard III, A midsummer night’s
dreams, Romeo and Juliet, Merchant of Venice, and king Jhon.
b. The histories and comedies and the middle (1597 : 1600) As you
like it, twelfth night, Richard II, Henry V, the merry wives of
windsor and Julius Caeshar.
c. The dark comedies and the middle periode (1600 : 1608) : All’s
well that ends well, troilus and cressida, and measure for
measure.
d. The tragicomedies ((1608 : 1612) : Pericles, Cymbeline, the
winter’s tale and the tempest.
e. The last plays (1613) : Hary VIII and the two noble kinsmen.
That were written collaboration with John Flacher.
Probbebly, fletcher wrote the greater part of both plays, and in any
case, both are undistinguished.
On March 25, 1616, Shakespeare made his last will, which
survives in somerset house, London, and executors are his
doughter, Susanna and her husband. The actual circumstances of
Shakespeare‟s death are not known, but his monument gives the
date of his death as April 23, 1616 and buried on 25, 1616.
He was only fifty – two when he died.
II. SYNOPSIS
Viola is Sebastian‟s twin sister, on the seacoast, she fears her twin
brother Sebastian is drowned, but her ship‟s captain thinks he saved himself
by holding onto the floating mast.
Upon learning that she is in Illyria, governed by Orsino, she convinces the
captain to help her disguise as a male so that she way become a servant to
Orsino, and it seems, perhaps try to win his love
At the Duke‟s Palace, he ask Viola (pretending to be a male servant
named Cesario) to approach Olivia and woo her and his behalf. Viola (as
Cesario) promises to do so, but privately reveals she will not try hart, since
she desires Orsino. But when Viola is come from Orsino, Olivia tells her
steward Malvolio to send him away. Finally , though, she agrees to see Viola.
Viola speaks to Olivia about Orsino and actually tries to tell in love with her
(as Cesario). Viola attempt to persuade Olivia with her skill in conversation.
But, when Olivia makes a pass at Viola, she quickly shuns Olivia off. After
Viola leaves, Olivia even has Malvolio send her ring after (as Cesario). When
Viola receives the ring from Malvolio, she realizes Olivia‟s new love for her
and wonders how things will work out how that Orsino loves Olivia, Olivia
love Viola (as Cesario), and Viola loves Orsino.
At the Duke‟s the clown sings songs of love, while Viola and Orsino
discuss the qualities of love. Viola still can hide her love to Orsino. Then,
Orsino bids Viola to approach Olivia again with his greeting, even though
Viola insists Olivia will not be moved. Finally Viola comes back to Olivia‟s
house to talk to her for Orsino, but Olivia declares to Viola that she
love her (as Cesario).
Sir Andrew Aguecheek (the one who admire of Viola) appears with
his outrageously stupidly worded challenge to Viola and Toby (uncle of Viola
who promises to try harder to get Olivia to like Andrew, but actually Toby
only wants Andrew‟s money for alcohol) promise to deliver it. Toby comes to
Viola (who had been speaking with Olivia) and tells her (as Cesario) that
Andrew, a most fierce and dreaded knight, has a quarrel with her and will
duel her. This greatly fears Viola, but Fabian promises to try to calm Andrew.
Separately, Toby tells Andrew that Viola is fierce and unstoppable. To by
gets the two to duel, both fearing the other, when Antonio appears and great it
up, thinking Viola to be Sebastian, ask for the money back that he lent
Sebastian earlier. Viola, does not know what he means, denies she knows him
(though offers him money on loan), angering him and calling her disloyal.
Officer of the Duke, then appear and arrest Antonio by order of Orsino. The
officers lead him away while Viola realizes the confusion and finds new hope
that Sebastian is alive. After Viola leaves, Toby and Fabian at Viola (thinking
here Sebastian), but to be bandaged Finally, Sebastian appears and greet all,
while both twins (he and Viola) are amazed and delighted that the other is
living. Sebastian promises to keep his marriage to Olivia, and the Duke vows
to marry Viola.