AP European History
Chapter 25: The Age of Nationalism, 1850-1914
Name:____________________
Period:__________
Complete the graphic organizer as you read Chapter 25. DO NOT simply hunt for the answers; doing so will leave holes in your
understanding of the text. Be sure to include details regarding political/diplomatic, cultural/intellectual and social/economic themes.
I.
Napoleon III in France
Conservative
Provide 19th-century definitions for the following political terms:
Liberal
Radical
a. The Second Republic and Louis Napoleon
List the four reasons that Louis Napoleon gained three times as many votes as the other presidential candidates in 1848?
1.
2.
3.
4.
How did Louis Napoleon envision the role of the government in serving the people?
How did President Louis Napoleon seize power in 1851? How did he justify this change in the following years?
b. Napoleon III’s Second Empire
Where did Napoleon’s greatest successes come? Provide examples:
How did Napoleon III progressively liberalize France through the 1860s?
Where did Napoleon’s failures occur? Provide examples:
II.
Nation Building in Italy and Germany
a. Italy to 1850
Describe the divisions within Italy prior to 1850:
What was the unification program of Giuseppe Mazzini, and why did
it fail?
Why did the leadership of Piedmont-Sardinia seem ideally suited to
lead Italy towards national unification?
Why did the papacy oppose Italian unification? What was the Syllabus of Errors?
b. Cavour and Garibaldi in Italy
Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
Goals
Methods
Describe the government of the new Kingdom of Italy:
Giuseppe Garibaldi
What does this 1860 cartoon illustrate? Who are the individuals pictures, and what were their roles?
"Right Leg in the Boot at Last"
c. Germany Before Bismarck
Why would Austria, Russia and France all oppose a unified German nation?
What was the Zollverien? How did it help move Germany towards unification?
Why did the middle-class pose a major impediment to the reforms proposed by William I of Prussia?
d. Bismarck and the Austro-Prussian War, 1866
List the significant characteristics of Otto von Bismarck that helped to shape his political decisions:
Date
Event
Result/Impact on German Unification
1862
1864
1866
What did Bismarck mean when he said “The great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and resolutions – that was the
blunder of 1848 and 1849 – but by blood and iron”?
e. The Taming of Parliament - Describe the federal constitution that Bismarck created for the new North German Confederation:
Each State:
King of Prussia:
Chancellor:
Federal government:
Legislature:
Delegates to the upper house:
Members of the lower house:
Ultimately, power rested:
What happened to the liberal middle-class that had agitated against conservative rule?
f. The Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871
Purpose
Results for Germany
Results for France
III.
The Modernization of Russia
Why did the leaders of Russia seek to limit the development of national self-determination in the mid 19th century?
a. The “Great Reforms”
What was a “serf” and what was life like for a serf?
What happened in 1861, and how did it impact the former serfs?
How did defeat in the Crimean War (1853-1856) lead to the modernization of Russia?
Did the creation of the zemstvo modernize the Russian political system?
b. The Industrialization of Russia
How did the railroads help to transform Russia?
What does it mean that Russia used “the West to catch up with the West”?
c. The Revolution of 1905
How did defeat in the Russo-Japanese War result in the revolution of 1905?
What did the October Manifesto do? What was the Duma?
IV.
The Responsive National State, 1871-1914
Why did the majority of people feel loyal to the nation-state by the end of the 19th century?
What were some of the negative consequences to the growing public support for the nation-state?
a. The German Empire – How did Otto von Bismarck deal with the challenges posed by the following opposition groups:
The Catholic Church
Socialism
To what event does the cartoon to the left refer? What impact did this have on Germany?
b. Republican France
What was the Paris Commune?
Why did the Third Republic put such an emphasis upon free public
education?
The Dreyfus Affair
What happened?
Results
c. Great Britain and Ireland – Describe the achievements of the following leaders/political parties:
Benjamin Disraeli & the Conservatives
David Lloyd George/William Gladstone & the Liberals
Explain Irish home-rule, and the challenges to it:
d. The Austro-Hungarian Empire
What was the result of defeat by Prussia in 1866?
How did emerging nationalism impact the Austrian Empire?
e. Jewish Emancipation and Modern Anti-Semitism
Why was 1871 a milestone in the efforts for Jewish emancipation?
How did modern anti-Semites attack European Jews after 1873?
Where was anti-Semitism most popular?
What was Zionism?
V.
Marxism and the Socialist Movement
a. The Socialist International
Describe the growth of socialism in Europe between 1880-1912:
b. Unions and Revisionism
Scientific Socialism
Compare the ideologies of the two socialist trends:
Revisionist Socialism
Why were industrial workers becoming more moderate in terms of their demands? That is, why did they “demand gains, but were less
likely to take to the barricades in pursuit of them”?
Why, if Germany was the “most industrialized, socialized and unionized continental country by 1914” did the German socialists embrace
Revisionism?
Edward Bernstein
Evolutionary Socialism (1899) argued that:
VI.
The Document-Based Question (DBQ)
a. Please read the “Introduction” on page A-2 (at the end of the textbook). Keep that in mind as you examine the documents on
page A-18-A-21.
DBQ 9: Ideologies and Nationalism
Question: Discuss the concepts that become the foundations of aggressive nationalism during the period 1815-1914.
Document 1: Delacroix,
Document 2: Charles
Document 3: Friedrich
Document 4: Theodore
Document 5: Maps of the
Document
Massacre at Chios
Darwin, On the Origin of
Species
Fabri, Bedarf Deutschland
der Kolonien?
Summary
Point of View
Write a thesis statement that specifically addresses the above question:
Herzl, Der Judenstaat
unified Italian and German
states
1.
2.
3.
4.
In the space below, outline how you would answer one of the following Free Response Essay Questions
Analyze the similarities and differences in the methods used by Cavour and Bismarck to bring about the unification of Italy and of Germany,
respectively.
Contrast the impact of nationalism in Germany and the Austrian Empire from 1848 to 1914.
Describe and analyze responses to industrialization by the working class between 1850 and 1914.
Compare and contrast the foreign policy goals and achievements of Metternich (1815-1848) and Bismarck (1862-1890).