CHAPTER 10: ACIDS AND BASES
10.1 PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES
Property
ACIDS
BASES
pH
Taste
Electrical
Conductivity
Feel in Weak
Solutions
Feel in Strong
Solutions
Colour with
litmus paper
Colour with
phenolphthalein
Colour with
bromothymol
blue
Neutralization
Reactions
REACTIONS WITH ACIDS AND BASES
Acids generally react with metals that are above hydrogen on the activity series.
Hydrogen gas is produced as a result.
Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Acids usually react with carbonate compounds to produce carbon dioxide in a neutralization
reaction.
NaCO3(s) + HCl(aq) 
There are two reactions with bases. Bases react with carbon dioxide to form carbonates. They
also react with oils and fats to produce soap in a process called saponification.
2NaOH(aq) + CO2(g)  Na2CO3(s) + H2O(l)
NAMING BINARY ACIDS (ACIDS WITHOUT OXYGEN)
These acids begin with the prefix hydro- and end in –ic acid. Acids usually are in the state (aq), as
they present acidic properties when in solution (with water).
Examples:
HF(aq)
HBr(aq)
HI(aq)
H2S(aq)
hydrochloric acid
hydrocyanic acid
NAMING OXYACIDS (ACIDS WITH OXYGEN)
Oxyacids are a combination of hydrogen and a negative polyatomic ion with oxygen called an
oxyanion. Remember you need to remember the various beginnings and endings of polyatomic
ions.
Oxyanion with Example
When combined with hydrogen to form
an acid
-ic acid
Ex. H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)
per--ic acid
Ex. H3PO5 (perphosphoric acid)
-ous acid
Ex. H3PO3 (phosphorous acid)
hypo--ous acid
Ex. H3PO2 (hypophosphorous acid)
Parent oxyanion (–ate)
Ex. PO43- (phosphate)
Oxyanions with 1 more oxygen (per-ate)
Ex. PO53- (perphosphate)
Oxyanion with 1 less oxygen (-ite)
Ex. PO33- (phosphite)
Oxyanion with 2 less oxygen (hypo-ite)
Ex. PO23- (hypophosphite)
Examples:
HNO4
hypocarbonous acid
HClO2
persulfuric acid
HSO2
nitrous acid
HBrO3
chloric acid
NAMING BASES
Most bases begin with the name of a metal followed by the ending hydroxides. Carbonates and
bicarbonates can also be bases. Acids usually are in the state (aq), as they present acidic
properties when in solution (with water).
Examples:
Ca(OH)2(aq)
lithium hydroxide
Al(OH)3(aq)
barium hydroxide
Homework: Read Page 464-468 Page 468 #2-10