TRENT UNIVERSITY
Chemical Use, Storage,
Spills and Waste
Procedures
A guide to some general principles and
procedures for the use of chemicals in labs.
TrentEmployee
4/2/2013
This is a guideline document which contains information on the safe use of chemicals, their safe
storage, spill response procedures and instructions on chemical waste disposal.
Chemical Use, Storage and Waste Guide
Table of Contents
Preamble
Glossary
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Lab Rules and Recommended Procedures
2.0 Specific Chemical Hazards
2.1 Flammables
2.2 Oxidizers
2.2.1 Precautions to be Taken when using Oxidizers
2.2.2 Peroxygen Compounds
2.2.2.1 Use, Handling and Storage of Peroxygen Compounds
2.2.2.2 Testing for Peroxides
2.3 Corrosives
2.3.1 Precautions to be taken when using Corrosives
2.4 Other Reactive Materials
2.4.1 Water Reactive Chemicals
2.4.2 Pyrophoric Chemicals
2.4.3 Organic Peroxides
2.4.4 Explosives
2.4.4.1 Precautions to be taken when using Picric Acid
2.5 Cryogenic Materials
2.6 Designated Substances
2.6.1 Mercury
2.6.2 Isocyanates
2.6.3 Benzene
2.6.4 Asbestos
2.7 Nanomaterials
2.8 Other Toxic Materials
2.9 Compressed Gases
3.0 Chemical Storage
3.1 Chemical Storage Practices
3.2 Storage of Flammables and Combustibles
3.2.1 Storage Rooms for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
3.2.2 Approved Flammables Storage Cabinets
3.2.3 Chemical Segregation
3.2.4 Partial List of Incompatible Chemicals
3.3 Containment
3.4 Security
4.0 Chemical Spill Prevention and Preparedness
4.1 Training
4.2 Spill Kits
4.3 Spill Classifications
4.4 Spill Response
4.4.1 Complex Spill Response
4.4.2 Incidental Spill Response
5.0 Chemical Waste Procedures
5.1 Hazardous Waste Procedures DNA and LHS
5.2 Hazardous Waste Procedures ESB, SC and CSB
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Preamble:
This guide, Chemical Use, Storage, Spills and Waste, is to be used by those persons who
use hazardous chemicals as part of their course of studies, research related activities or as
part of their job. The rules, recommendations and guidelines stated in this guide are
provided to assist the user in identifying, understanding and mitigating the risks
associated with hazardous chemicals, their safe use, proper storage, dealing with spills
and correct measures for disposal. Any deviations from the recommendations in this
guide should always be towards a safer a protocol.
This document forms an integral part of the Science Health and Safety Program as
outlined in the “Science Health and Safety Program Description”. This document should
be reviewed by all personnel who use hazardous chemicals and shall be reviewed by all
personnel whose supervisor has indicated that they are required to have training in
Chemical Use as part of their individual Health and Safety Training record. Supervisors
shall determine what training is required by their personnel working in their labs in
addition to any base training mandated by the University.
This guide attempts to cover many of the common issues of chemical use, storage, spills
and waste encountered, but by no means covers every issue. Where an issue is not
covered here, the supervisor shall establish a procedure for the situation and
communicate such to their personnel.
Acknowledgements: This manual contains information obtained with permission from a variety of sources
including University of Ottawa, University of Guelph, University of Western Ontario and University of
Toronto.
Glossary:
Combustible liquid: means an liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8oC and below
93.3 oC.
Compressed gases: means any contained mixture or material with either an absolute
pressure exceeding 275.8 kPa at 21 oC or an absolute pressure exceeding 717 kPa at 54
o
C or both, or any liquid having an absolute vapour pressure exceeding 275.8 kPa at 37.8
o
C.
Corrosive liquid: means a liquid that, when contacting living tissue causes damage to the
tissue, or when contacting organic matter and chemicals that react with the liquid, causes
fire.
Flammable liquid: means a liquid having a flash point below 37.8 oC and having a
vapour pressure not more than 275.8 kPa (absolute) at 37.8oC.
Flash point: means the minimum temperature at which a liquid within a container gives
off vapour in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air near the
surface of the liquid.
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Oxidizing material: means a material, other than ordinary atmospheres, that by itself is
not necessarily combustible, but that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or
contribute to the combustion of another material.
PPE: means Personal Protective Equipment
Pyrophoric chemicals: means those chemicals which ignite spontaneously upon contact
with air.
SOP: means Standard Operating Procedure which is a written procedure with step by
step instructions (procedures) for working with a material or for a situation as defined by
the SOP.
Vapour pressure: means the pressure exerted by a liquid.
1.0 Introduction
All chemicals used in the laboratories at Trent University should be used with the utmost
caution according to good laboratory practices. There are certain chemicals or classes of
chemicals, however that require specific handling precautions that are described briefly in
the following sections. It is beyond the scope of this manual to address all the hazards
and precautions of all of the chemicals that may be found in the University’s laboratories
as well as delve into the details of the hazards of the chemicals mentioned. For further
information regarding the toxicity, safe handling and use of specific chemicals, the
appropriate MSDS or references such as the following should be consulted:
Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, Handling and Disposal of Chemicals, National
Research Council. 1995. National Academy Press.
Laboratory Health and Safety Guidelines, 4th edition. 2003, The Chemical Institute of
Canada and L’Ordre des Chemistes du Quebec.
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, September 2007 Publication number 2005149 (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npg.htmL)
1.1 Basic Lab Rules:
All labs which contain hazardous chemicals have some basic lab rules which shall be
followed by all personnel working in that lab.
1.
When working with hazardous material, the appropriate PPE shall be worn by
the users and at a minimum include eye protection, gloves, lab wear as well as
any other PPE recommended by the MSDS or the supervisor. It is important that
the “correct” PPE be selected specifically for the Hazard identified to ensure that
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will protect against the hazard and that if necessary training for the use of the PPE
is performed (eg., fit testing for respirators or the selection of the proper glove
material for the chemical).
2. If PPE is recommended by the MSDS or the supervisor or by “best practice” than
the PPE shall be provided by the supervisor to the lab worker. If the PPE is
required by the supervisor then the lab personnel shall use the PPE.
3. The storage or consumption of food and drink in any area where hazardous
chemicals are used or stored is prohibited.
4. Personnel working in areas where hazardous chemicals are stored or used shall be
familiar with the proper care and use of the safety equipment located in that area
(eyewash, deluge shower, fumehood, fire extinguisher etc…)
5. Smoking within all university buildings and facilities is prohibited.
6. Mouth pipetting of any nature is prohibited.
7. PPE shall not be worn outside of the lab in public areas or corridors to prevent
contamination of those areas.
8. Safety interlocks or guards on laboratory equipment shall not be defeated in any
way.
9. Where chemicals have been decanted from their original containers (either in their
original concentration, in diluted form, or as a mixture/solution with other
chemicals) the new containers shall be labelled with the name(s) of the chemical,
the concentration and the appropriate hazard.
10. Working alone with hazardous material after hours is to be discouraged. If it
must occur than workers are advised to inform their Supervisor and Campus
Security of their location and the length of time they will be working. Working
alone with some material (such as Fluoric acid) is prohibited. Supervisors shall
determine when lab workers may work alone after hours.
11. Experiments should not be left unattended unless they have been designed to be
safe to do so.
12. Unsafe conditions shall always be reported to the Supervisor as soon as possible.
13. Open toed footwear or high heeled shoes are prohibited from labs with hazardous
material.
14. Working with chemicals which produce or may produce hazardous vapours, gases
or fumes shall always be done in a fumehood. Work with perchloric acid shall
always be done in the perchloric hood, Work with Fluoric acid shall follow the
Fluoric Acid SOP.
15. Horseplay in labs is prohibited. Lab workers shall always maintain a
professional level of deportment.
16. Lab personnel should always keep in mind that in the event of an emergency such
as a fire alarm, or lock down, that any work going on at the time may be
interrupted without warning. Personnel should always be prepared to secure
hazardous material in a safe fashion until the emergency is over.
2.0 Specific Chemical Hazards
2.1 Flammables
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Flammable materials present a serious hazard to laboratory personnel. Steps are to be
taken to ensure appropriate use, handling and storage.
Ensure containers are grounded and bonded appropriately when transferring liquid from
one container to another. (If dispensing from large volume sources such as containers
greater than 4 L made of metal).
Ensure that potential ignition sources (in other words sources that could cause a spark)
are identified and removed from the area surrounding the flammable material.
Laboratories that store, use or handle flammable or combustible liquids are to conform to
section 4.12 of the Ontario Fire Code. See section 2.2 for more information.
Note that due to the highly flammable nature of diethyl ether, diethyl ether extractions are
to be performed only in facilities with additional fire suppression systems and ventilation,
as well as intrinsically safe wiring (i.e., spark proof receptacles and endcaps).
The heating of flammable chemicals should never be done with an open flame, but with
heating devices designed specifically for that purpose.
2.2 Oxidizers
Oxidizers are capable of igniting flammable and combustible material even in oxygendeficient atmospheres as well as increasing the intensity of a fire by adding to the oxygen
supply and causing ignition and rapid burning of normally non-flammable materials.
Oxidizers can also:
React with other chemicals, causing a release of toxic gases.
Decompose and liberate toxic gases when heated.
Burn or irritate skin, eyes, breathing passages and other tissues.
Oxidizing Solids
Solid oxidizing agents have the ability to form explosive mixtures with common
materials such as sugar, charcoal, starch, sawdust and sulphuric acid.
Examples of solid oxidizers include metallic:
chlorates;
perchlorates; (these are especially dangerous and their use should be avoided)
nitrates;
chromates; and
permanganates.
Oxidizing Liquids
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Liquid oxidizers are often strong acids as well, making them powerful corrosives.
Examples include:
Perchloric acid: Use of perchloric acid should be avoided if possible. If its use is
necessary, it must be done by personnel trained in specific handling procedures. Work
involving heating of concentrated perchloric acid is to be performed in specialized,
dedicated wash-down fume hoods (see Perchloric Acid Fumehood use section). Note
that anhydrous perchloric acid and perchlorate crystals which may form around the cap of
the container are shock-sensitive explosives.
Other Strong Acids: Personal protective equipment when working with these compounds
should include a face shield, goggles, synthetic rubber apron, lab coat and synthetic
rubber gloves.
HydroFluoric Acid: See Hydrofluoric Acid Use SOP
2.2.1 Precautions to be taken when working with Oxidizers
When using or storing oxidizers in the laboratory, the precautions to take include the
following:
1. Keep away from flammable and combustible materials.
2. Keep containers tightly closed unless otherwise indicated by the supplier.
3. Store strong oxidizers in inert, unbreakable containers. The use of corks or rubber
stoppers is not permitted.
4. Mix and dilute according to the supplier's instructions.
5. Dilute with water to reduce the reactivity of solutions.
6. The use of oxidizers should always be done in a fumehood.
7. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
8. Ensure that oxidizers are compatible with other oxidizers in the same storage area.
9. Reaction vessels containing oxidizers shall not be heated with oil baths.
2.2.2.
Peroxygen Compounds
These are chemically unstable compounds including peroxides, hydroperoxides, and
peroxyesters that have a violently reactive oxygen. Some peroxygen compounds
decompose slowly at room temperature, but rapidly at elevated temperatures. However,
others decompose readily at room temperature and therefore must be refrigerated.
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Organic peroxides can violently explode when subjected to heat, friction, shock, spark,
oxidizing and reducing agents or light. These compounds are very difficult to control in a
fire due to their ability to generate their own oxygen upon combustion. Peroxygen
compounds can seriously irritate the skin and eyes upon contact. Special consideration
should be taken when using any compounds that have the capability of forming
peroxides. The following are compound types that can be expected to form peroxides
upon prolonged exposure to light or air:
Ethers
Aldehydes, ketones
Compounds containing benzyllic, or allylic hydrogens
Compounds with a vinyl or vinylidene group
The following is a partial list of compounds that can form peroxides:
Table 1 – Partial List of Chemicals that May Form Peroxides
Chemicals that form explosive levels of peroxides without concentration
Isopropyl ether
Butadiene
Chlorobutadiene
Potassium amide
Potassium metal
Sodium amide
Tetrafluoroethylene
Divinyl acetylene
Vinylidene chloride
Chemicals that are a peroxide hazard on concentration
Acetal
Cumene
Cyclohexane
Cyclooctene
Cyclopentene
Diacetylene
Dicyclopentadiene
Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether
(Diglyme)
Diethyl ether
p-dioxane
Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
Methyl acetylene
Methyl cyclopentane
Methyl i-butyl ketone
Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Tetrahydronaphthalene (Tetralin)
Vinyl ethers
2.2.2.1. Use, Handling and Storage of Peroxygen Compounds
Specific precautions to take when using, handling and storing peroxygen or peroxideforming compounds include the following:
1. Purchase and use only the minimum amount required.
2. Purchase with peroxide inhibitors whenever possible
3. Mark the receipt date on the container.
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4. Mark the date the container was opened on the container.
5. Dilute solutions with inert solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons. Avoid the use
of aromatic solvents, such as toluene, which can initiate the decomposition of
some peroxides.
6. Avoid preparing peroxide solutions with volatile solvents as losses of solvent due
to evaporation can cause unwanted concentration of peroxides.
7. Dispense quantities as required. Do not return unused materials to stock container.
8. Do not use metal spatulas.
9. Do not use glass containers with ground glass or metal lids. Use polyethylene
containers with screw cap lids.
10. Store and use away from heat, ignition sources and light.
11. Store at the lowest temperature that is above the freezing point of the solution and
that will not affect the solubility of solution. This will minimize the rate of
decomposition of the peroxides.
12. Dispose after one month of the container being opened or if unopened, by the
expiry date.
13. Treat any visible solids around the cap or in the container of peroxygen or
peroxide-forming liquids with extreme caution as they could be explosive. Never
open a container with visible crystals around the cap or on the outside of the
container. Contact your supervisor immediately.
14. Ensure that solutions are free of peroxides before concentration using the tests
described below.
15. If concentration is necessary, avoid evaporating to dryness.
16. Use a shield when evaporating or distilling any peroxide-forming compounds.
2.2.2.2 Testing for Peroxides
Peroxide test strips can be purchased from laboratory supply companies. These allow a
simple and quick qualitative determination of whether peroxides are present in a solution.
Alternatively the following colourimetric test can be performed. (note: this test method
should not be applied to solutions that may contain inorganic peroxides).
1. Prepare a 5 % (w/v) potassium iodide or sodium iodide aqueous solution. (5 g of KI or
NaI per 100 mL of water).
2. Add a couple of drops of iodide solution prepared above to ~ 2 mL of glacial acetic
acid.
3. Add ~ 2 mL of the solution in question to the ~ 2 mL of glacial acetic acid/iodide
solution.
4. Yellow indicates a low concentration of peroxide (<0.01 %). Brown indicates a
high/hazardous concentration of peroxide (> 0.01%).
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2.3 Corrosives
Corrosive chemicals are commonly found in laboratories as solids, liquids and gases.
These materials have the ability to damage tissue at the point of contact. Soft tissues and
mucous membranes (eyes, sinuses, lung tissue) are the most easily damaged.
Corrosive Liquids
Corrosive liquids can be particularly hazardous as they act rapidly upon contact.
Examples of common corrosive liquids are:
Strong acids (chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid* etc.
Strong bases (aqueous sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, etc.)
Strong dehydrating agents (phosphorus pentoxide, calcium oxide, etc.)
Strong oxidizing agents (peroxides, etc.)
*Hydrofluoric acid may be fatal through inhalation, absorption or ingestion and causes
extensive, deep and painful burns. Avoid use if possible, however if its use is
unavoidable, personnel are to be specifically trained in its use and emergency response
procedures. More information and use requirements are available in the Hydrofluoric
Acid Use SOP.
Corrosive Solids
Inhalation of corrosive dusts presents a particular hazard as the point of contact and the
tissue at risk, particularly the airways and lungs, is internal, creating an injury that may be
difficult to treat and heal. Examples of corrosive solids are lithium oxide, sodium
sulphide and phenol.
Corrosive Gases
Corrosive gases enter the body through inhalation as well as being readily absorbed
through dissolution in skin and eye moisture. Typical examples are listed below:
Ammonia
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride – inhalation, absorption or ingestion may be fatal. Causes extensive,
deep and painful burns. Avoid use if possible, however if its use is unavoidable,
personnel are to be specifically trained in its use and emergency response procedures.
Formaldehyde
Bromine
Chlorine
Phosgene
Sulphur Dioxide
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2.3.1 Precautions to be taken when using Corrosives
Specific precautions to take when using or handling corrosive materials include the
following:
1. Ensure that acids are always added to water and not vice versa.
2. Be prepared for heat generation upon diluting or dissolving in water.
3. Ensure that all work is completed in a chemical fume hood with adequate
ventilation (see Fumehood Training).
4. Personal protective equipment is to include:
• labcoat;
• goggles;
• appropriate gloves; and
• when working with volumes greater than 4 L, a synthetic rubber apron
2.4 Other Reactive Materials
2.4.1 Water Reactive Chemicals
The following situations may occur with water reactive chemicals upon contact with
water:
1. Liberation of heat (causing potential ignition of the chemical itself or nearby
flammable material);
2. Release of flammable, toxic, or oxidizing gas;
3. Release of metal oxide fumes (applicable to water reactive metals);
4. Formation of corrosive acids.
Table 2. Water reactive Chemicals
Examples of water reactive
materials include: Alkali metals
including lithium, sodium and
potassium
Silanes
Aluminum chloride
Phosphorus pentachloride
Lithium aluminum hydride
Ferrous sulphide
Sodium borohydride
Chlorosulphonic acid
Silicon tetrachloride
Sulphur chloride
Thionyl chloride
Alkylaluminums including
triethylaluminum
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Phosphorus pentasulphide
Aluminum chloride
Maleic anhydride
Acetyl chloride
Phosphoryl trichloride
Stannic chloride
Sulphuryl chloride
Titanium tetrachloride.
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Care must be taken to ensure that water reactive chemicals are handled and stored away
from sinks, water baths or other sources of moisture.
2.4.2 Pyrophorics
Pyrophoric chemicals are those which ignite spontaneously upon contact with air.
Pyrophorics must be handled and stored in such a way as to prevent exposure to air, e.g.
storage under an inert gas or under kerosene, use in glove boxes, etc. More information
and use requirements are available in the Safe Use and Handling of Pyphorics SOP.
Table 3. Pyphorics
Examples of pyrophorics include:
Grignard reagents
Alkyllithium compounds including tbutyllithium
Boron
Finely divided metals including
calcium, cobalt, cadmium, iron,
manganese, chromium, lead, nickel,
titanium
Dichloroborane
Diborane
Diethylzinc
2-Furaldehyde
Metal carbonyls e.g. lithium carbonyl, nickel carbonyl
Metal hydrides, e.g. sodium hydride
Non-metal hydrides e.g. diethyl arsine, diethyl phosphine
Phosphine
Phosphorus
2.4.3 Organic Peroxides
See section 2.2.1
2.4.4 Explosives
Explosives are regulated by the Canadian Explosives Act and corresponding regulations
along with the Ontario Fire Code. Any work with explosive must be consistent with the
following general requirements described below:
1. Working alone with explosive materials is prohibited
2. Storage locations for explosive materials are to be placarded in accordance with
the Explosives Act.
3. Quantities of explosive materials are to be minimized with all additional material
disposed of upon completion of the activity.
4. Written safety instructions and emergency procedures are to be prepared and must
include at least the following information:
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a. location of storage and use areas
b. methods to control a fire emergency safely and efficiently
c. contact information
2.4.4.1 Precautions when using Picric Acid
Picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrophenol) is a reagent found in departments across campus, being
used in microscopy and as a component in some biological specimen preserving
solutions. When dehydrated( in other words dry), picric acid can become a dangerous
explosive. When in contact with metal, highly shock-sensitive picrate salts can be
formed. The following guidelines are for the storage and handling of picric acid:
1. Picric acid must be stored in water.
2. Containers of picric acid are to be inspected at least every 6 months and distilled
water added to the containers as necessary to ensure that the picric acid never
dries out.
3. Containers and lids for storage of picric acid or solutions of picric acid are not to
be of metal construction.
4. Metal spatulas are never to be used to remove material from its container.
5. Always wipe the neck of the bottle, and the cap with a wet cloth before returning
to storage.
If a container of dry picric acid is discovered, it is not to be touched and Security, the
RMO and Science Facilities is to be contacted at ext.1333 immediately to arrange for safe
disposal.
2.5 Cryogenic Materials
Cryogenics are very low temperature materials such as dry ice (CO2(s)), liquefied air,
nitrogen, helium, oxygen, argon and neon. The following hazards are associated with the
use of cryogenics:
1. asphyxiation due to displacement of oxygen (for materials other than liquefied air
and oxygen);
2. freezing and fracturing of materials from extreme cold;
3. frostbite;
4. explosion due to pressure build up; and
5. condensation of oxygen and fuel, such as hydrogen or hydrocarbons, resulting in
explosive mixtures.
2.5.1 Precautions to be taken when using Cryogenic Materials
The following are precautions for handling cryogenics:
1. Control ice build-up on containers.
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2. Use only approved low-pressure containers equipped with pressure-relief devices.
Lunch box Thermos-style bottles are not acceptable.
3. Protect skin and eyes from contact; wear eye protection and insulated gloves.
4. Wear safety goggles when breaking large pieces of dry ice or using mixtures of
dry ice and solvent.
5. Wear a face shield when removing samples from storage dewars due to the
possibility of rupture from pressure build-up.
6. Use and store in well-ventilated areas. Alarmed oxygen sensors are required in
areas where the volume of gas could result in the displacement of oxygen to a
level lower than what is tolerable by people, thereby causing an asphyxiation
hazard.
7. Keep away from sparks or flames.
8. Use materials resistant to embrittlement.
9. Watches, rings, bracelets or other jewelry that could trap fluids against flesh
should not be worn when handling cryogenic liquids.
10. To prevent thermal expansion of contents and rupture of the vessel, ensure
containers are not filled to more than 80% of capacity.
11. Never store dry ice in a refrigerator/freezer (especially deep chest freezers). Dry
ice will sublimate at -78°C and could asphyxiate the person opening the
equipment.
2.6 Designated Substances
There are eleven “designated substances” regulated under the Ontario Occupational
Health and Safety Act due to their potential to cause serious health implications. Use of
designated substances in research or teaching situations should be avoided. However
because suitable substitution may not be possible, some of these substances may be found
in university laboratories. Designated substances are listed below:
1. acrylonitrile;
2. arsenic;
3. asbestos;
4. benzene;
5. coke oven emissions;
6. ethylene oxide;
7. isocyanates;
8. lead;
9. mercury;
10. silica; and
11. vinyl chloride.
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The designated substance regulations apply to employers and workers at workplaces
where the substance is present and is likely to be inhaled, ingested or absorbed by the
worker. The regulations require that the time weighted average exposure of the worker to
the substance be less than limits prescribed in the regulations. Generally, the regulation
contains three key components:
1. Assessment – requires the Principle Investigator or supervisor to consider the
level or likelihood of exposure of the worker to the substance.
2. Control program – required if the assessment discloses that a worker is likely to
be exposed to the substance. This documented program is to include engineering
controls, hygiene practices, work practices and facilities to ensure that the worker
exposure to the substance is controlled.
3. Monitoring – requires air emissions monitoring and medical surveillance to
determine actual exposure to the substance.
It is the responsibility of the laboratory supervisor to ensure that the letter and intent of
the regulations are met. See the Designated Substance SOP for more information.
Below we discuss some Designated Substances commonly found in labs
2.6.1 Mercury
Elemental mercury, inorganic mercury salts and organic mercury compounds have the
potential to cause serious acute or chronic toxic effects from the various routes of
exposure.
Containers are to be stored sealed with the cap/lid along with electrical tape, parafilm or
an equivalent.
All use and storage is to be in a well-ventilated area.
Any skin or eye contact is to be rinsed with copious amounts of water and medical
attention is to be sought immediately.
See section 3 for spill clean-up procedure.
2.6.2 Isocyanates
Various isocyanates have been determined to cause severe allergic reactions in certain
individuals. Sensitization may also occur such that the allergic reaction becomes
progressively worse with each exposure and occurs with exposures to very small amounts
of the material. Reactions may include anaphylactic shock which can be fatal and hence
requires immediate medical treatment. All laboratories, solutions or samples containing
isocyanates should be clearly marked as containing such.
2.6.3 Benzene
Benzene is a highly flammable, carcinogenic solvent that has severe effects on the blood
and blood-forming organs. All use of benzene should be performed in a fume hood. If
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practical, the use of benzene should be substituted with another appropriate solvent, such
as toluene.
2.6.4 Asbestos
Asbestos is a fibrous material commonly used in equipment and construction material
due to its fire and heat resistant properties. Asbestos was attributed to a variety of
respiratory health effects including cancer and whose use has since been abandoned in
Canada. However, a significant amount of equipment and building materials
manufactured before 1990’s contained asbestos including things like Transite materials
(hard fibre board fire proof material), drywall, and heat resistant coatings and insulations.
Older equipment may still contain asbestos linings or gaskets. Care should be taken
when working on equipment suspected of containing asbestos (pre 1990). If in doubt
contact the Risk Management Office prior to disturbing material. Where equipment or
material containing Asbestos has been identified, it shall be labelled as such and entered
into the university’s asbestos inventory.
These are just some examples of Designated Substances, for additional information
please refer to the Occupational Health and Safety Act and its associated regulations and
the Designated Substances SOP.
2.7 Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials are defined as particles with at least one dimension that is less than 100
nm. Nanomaterials have been shown to have unique physical and chemical properties
when compared to the corresponding micro- or macro-scale compounds. In addition there
also appears to be different mechanisms of toxicity and therefore different and potentially
more severe health effects although these differences are currently widely unknown. As
such,use and handling of nanomaterials must be done with particular care and only after
conducting a risk assessment to consider both the potential hazards and appropriate
controls. Contact Science Facilities for assistance in conducting a risk and/or exposure
assessment.
Examples of controls include:
1. Identification of areas, equipment and containers that contain or are used with
nanomaterials;
2. Embedding the nanomaterials in a solid matrix;
3. Working with the nanomaterials in solution within a chemical fume hood
4. Working with solid, dry, dispersible nanoparticles in a fully contained system or
conducting the work within a biosafety cabinet (HEPA filtered) or fumehood.
5. Being diligent in housekeeping, wet wiping of potentially contaminated areas etc.
6. Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, eye
protection, respiratory protection etc.)
15
Reference source: Greaves-Holmes, Wanda L. 2010. Journal of Technology Studies,
vol. 35, no. 1. pg 33-38. Visit this web page to see the article.
scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JOTS/v35/v35n1/pdf/holmes
In addition, those looking to work with engineered nanomaterials should review the
following document “General Safe Practices for Working with Engineered Nanomaterials
in Research Laboratories” published by the Center for Disease Control and National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). It can be found on here.
2.8 Other Toxic Materials
Some other chemical materials warrant mentioning specifically because of their hazards
and/or extensive usage. Their primary hazards are identified below:
Ethidium bromide – known mutagen.
Chloroform – relatively potent anaesthetic, suspected carcinogen.
Cyanides/Nitriles – acutely toxic. If use is unavoidable, personnel are to be specifically
trained in its use and emergency response procedures. Contact Risk Management Office.
Hydrogen sulphide – acutely toxic. Attacks the respiratory system. Highly flammable.
Formalin/Formaldehyde – known carcinogen.
2.9 Compressed Gases and Gas Cylinders
Compressed Gases are gases or (or sometimes liquids) stored under high pressure so that
the gas can be used under higher than atmospheric pressure. They are often used with
analytical equipment. The following precautions should be taken.
1. Cylinders of compressed gases must be properly secured (clamps, chains etc) in a
upright fashion where the cylinder can’t tip or fall over.
2. Cylinders must have the valve protection cap installed properly when moving the
tank or when not in use. Cylinders must only be transported using the proper tank
cart.
3. Use the correct regulator for the gas and cylinder in use. Never move a tank with
the regulator attached.
4. Refer to the MSDS from the gas supplier for the type of gas you are using.
5. For additional information and precautions see: the Canadian Centre for
Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) web site on handling Gas Cylinders.
http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/safety_haz/welding/storage.html
16
3.0 Storage of Chemicals
When not in use, Chemicals need to be stored in a safe and secure fashion. However,
just locking them in cabinet may not be enough as incompatible chemicals stored
together to lead to catastrophic outcomes (fires, explosions etc…)
It is important that lab personnel understand how to safely store chemicals as well as use
them.
3.1 General Storage Practices
1. Ensure that storage shelves are sturdy and secured to the wall or floor.
2. Ensure that material is kept back from the edges so that the material cannot easily
fall off the shelf.
3. Store large and/or heavy containers on lower shelves.
4. Avoid storage of hazardous chemicals above eye level.
5. Window sills, heaters and ledges are not to be used as storage areas.
6. Avoid storage on the floor unless the chemical container is in its original shipping
carton and packing or the container is an approved safety can. Containers stored
on the floor can be easily knocked over spilling contents and are a tripping
hazard.
7. Inspect chemicals in storage regularly to ensure that:
a. There are no leaks.
b. Caps and containers are in good condition. Look for signs of
discolouration,cracks, bulging and pressure build up.
c. Outside of containers are kept free of spills and stains.
d. Containers are properly labelled.
3.2 Storage of Flammables and Combustibles
Flammable liquid – a liquid having a flash point below 37.8°C and having a vapour
pressure not more than 275.8 kPa (absolute) at 37.8°C as determined by ASTM D323,
"Vapour Pressure Petroleum Products (Reid Method)".
Combustible liquid – any liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8°C and below
93.3°C
Storage of flammable and combustible liquids in the laboratory is regulated by section
four of the Ontario Fire Code. Maximum quantities listed below are for single labs (i.e.
single fire compartments with a minimum fire resistance rating of one hour).
Ensure that the flammable and combustible material in the open lab area is minimized
and is for immediate use only (less than a total of 300 L of which no more than 50 L are
flammable liquids, as per Ontario Fire Code)
17
Ensure that all additional flammable material (up to a total of 500 L of which not more
than 235 L of flammable liquids) is stored in approved flammable storage cabinets.
Ensure that flammable materials requiring storage conditions at refrigerated temperatures
are stored in refrigerators/freezers designed and certified for this purpose. Household
refrigerators are never to be used to store flammable liquids.
Storage containers are to be less than 5 L unless they are safety containers conforming to
ULC/ORD-C30 which must be less than 25 L.
3.2.1 Storage Rooms for Flammable and Combustible Liquids
There are several designated flammable storage rooms at the University. Flammable
storage rooms are to meet the following requirements:
1. not be located in the basement of a building;
2. separated from the remainder of the building with partitions having a minimum
one-hour fire resistance rating and self-closing doors, hinged to swing outward;
3. have no openings communicating directly with the public portions of the building;
4. be equipped with a drain connected to a dry sump or holding tank;
5. have liquid-tight seals between interior walls and floor and a liquid tight ramped
sill at any door which is not an exterior door;
6. have aisles of no less than 1 m;
7. have a suitable portable fire extinguisher;
8. have suitable spill clean-up materials;
9. have appropriate ventilation:
10. natural or continuous mechanical ventilation if no vapours can escape into the
room;
11. continuous mechanical ventilation if flammable vapours may be released into the
room (Refer to the Ontario Fire Code for specific requirements for mechanical
ventilation).
12. The maximum quantity of flammable and combustible liquids permitted in
flammable storage rooms is 1500 L.
3.2.2 Approved Flammable Storage Cabinets
To be approved for storage of flammables, cabinets must conform to at least one of the
following standards:
Conform to ULC-C1275, “Storage Cabinets for Flammable Liquid Containers”;
Conform to ULI 1275, “Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets”;
Be Factory Mutual Research Approved; or
Be listed as meeting NFPA 30.
Vents on flammable storage cabinets need to be capped with the plugs supplied with the
cabinet itself.
18
3.2.3 Chemical Segregation
It is critical that chemicals are stored according to a predetermined storage system to
ensure that incompatible chemicals are not stored in close proximity to each other.
Storage systems that account for necessary segregation are acceptable provided that they
are clearly documented and understood by lab personnel. It is suggested that
solvents/reagents etc. be labelled according to the storage system used to allow for
continuous, easy and proper storage. A representative chemical segregation system that
has been adopted by several other universities is described on the following pages.
19
Figure F – Chemical segregation system
CHEMICAL SEGREGATION AND STORAGE SYSTEM
Water
Explosives
Flammables
reactive/
(solids &
Pyrophoric/
liquids)
self-reactive
Oxidizers
(solids &
liquids)
Corrosive
Acids (solids
& liquids)
Corrosive
Bases (solids
& liquids)
Water
reactive/
Pyrophoric/
Selfreactive
Ok
No
No
No
No
No
Nonflammable
solvents &
regulated
chemicals
No
Explosives
No
Ok
No
No
No
No
No
No
Flammables
(solids &
liquids)
Oxidizers
(solids &
liquids)
Corrosive
Acids
(solids &
liquids)
Corrosive
Bases
(solids &
liquids)
Nonflammable
solvents &
No
No
Ok
No
No
Ok
Ok
No
No
No
No
Ok
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Ok
No
No
Secondary
containment
required
< 2 M acidic
solutions
No
No
Ok
No
No
Ok
Secondary
containment
required
< 2 M caustic
solutions
No
No
Ok
No
No
Secondary
containment
required
Ok
Ok
20
Low-hazard
solids &
liquids
No
regulated
chemicals
Low-hazard No
No
solids &
liquids
Ok- ok to be stored together
No
Secondary
< 2 M acidic
< 2 M caustic
containment
solutions
solutions
required
no– may not be stored together
21
Ok
ok
3.2.4 Partial List of Incompatible Chemicals
The following list is not complete and is intended for use as a guide only. Refer to the
appropriate MSDS for incompatibilities of chemicals not found in the following table.
Table 4 – Partial List of Incompatible
Chemicals Chemical
Acetic acid
Is Incompatible with
Chromic acid, nitric acid, alcohols, ethylene
glycol, perchloric acid, peroxides,
permanganates
Hydroxyl-containing compounds e.g. ethylene
glycol, perchloric acid
Concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid mixtures,
hydrogen peroxide
Chlorine, bromine, fluorine, copper, silver,
mercury
Water, carbon tetrachloride and other
halogenated alkanes, carbon dioxide, halogens
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Acetylene
Alkali and alkaline metals e.g. sodium,
potassium, lithium, magnesium, calcium,
powdered aluminum
Aluminum Alkyls
Ammonia, anhydrous
Water
Mercury, chlorine, calcium hypochlorite,
iodine, bromine, hydrogen fluoride
Acids, powered metals, flammable liquids,
chlorates, nitrates, sulfur, fine-particulate
organic or combustible materials.
Nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide
Reducing agents
Acids
Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane,
methane, propane, hydrogen, other petroleum
gases, benzene, powered metals
Water
Calcium hypochlorite, oxidizing agents
Alkali and alkaline metals e.g. sodium
Ammonium salts, acids, powered metals,
sulfur, fine-particulate organic or combustible
substances
Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane,
methane, propane, hydrogen, other petroleum
gases, benzene, powered metals
Ammonia, methane, phosphine, hydrogen
sulphide
Acetic acid, naphthalene, camphor, glycerol,
turpentine, alcohols, flammable liquids
Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide
Ammonium nitrate
Aniline
Arsenic compounds
Azides
Bromine
Calcium oxide
Carbon, activated
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorates
Chlorine
Chlorine dioxide
Chromic acid
Copper
22
Cumene Hydroperoxide
Cyanides
Flammable liquids
Organic and inorganic acids
Acids
Ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, hydrogen
peroxide, nitric acid, sodium peroxide,
halogens
Store separately
Hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, oxidizing
materials
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid,
peroxides
Nitric acid, alkalis
Ammonia, aqueous or anhydrous
Copper, Chromium, iron, metals and metals
salts, flammable liquids, aniline, nitromethane,
combustibles (solid or liquid)
Fuming nitric acid, oxidizing gases
Acetylene, ammonia (anhydrous or aqueous)
Acetylene, ammonia
Acetic acid, acetone, aniline, chromic acid,
prussic acid, hydrogen sulfide, flammable
liquids and gases, nitratable substances e.g.
copper, brass, heavy metals, organic products
e.g. wood, paper
Acids
Inorganic bases, amines
Silver, mercury and their salts
Acetic anhydride, bismuth and its alloys,
alcohols, paper, wood, oils
Mineral or organic acids
Sulfur, air, oxygen-containing compounds
such as chlorates
Alcohols, strong bases, water
See alkali metals
See chlorates
See chlorates
Glycerol, ethylene glycol, benzaldehyde,
sulfuric acid
Reducing agents
Acetylene, oxalic acid, tartaric acid,
ammonium compounds.
See alkali metals
Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts
Methanol, ethanol, glacial acetic acid,
anhydride, benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide,
glycerol, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, methyl
Fluorine
Hydrazine
Hydrocarbons, flammable (butane, propane,
benzene, etc.)
Hydrocyanic acid
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen sulfide
Iodine
Mercury
Nitric Acid, Conc.
Nitrites
Nitroparaffins
Oxalic Acid
Perchloric acid
Peroxides, organic
Phosphorus (white)
Phosphorus pentoxide
Potassium
Potassium chlorate
Potassium perchlorate
Potassium permanganate
Selenides
Silver and silver salts
Sodium
Sodium nitrate
Sodium peroxide
23
acetate, furfurol
Acids
Lithium, sodium, potassium, chlorates,
perchlorates, permanganates
Reducing agents
Sulfides
Sulfuric acid
Tellurides
3.3 Containment
Care should be taken to ensure that chemicals/reagents/samples/solutions etc. are stored such
that the risk of spills is minimized.
Primary storage containers should be of a composition such that they are able to maintain their
structural integrity, under normal storage and use, throughout the lifespan of the material they
are holding.
Purchase materials in safety-coated glass bottles if available. These are glass bottles that are
covered in a thin plastic coating that is slip and impact resistant. These bottles are designed to
contain liquid in the event that the glass is broken.
Secondary containment should be used in all storage locations. This is containment in addition
to the primary container to prevent release of material to the environment in the event that the
primary container fails. Over-packs, spill trays etc. are examples of secondary containment.
When transporting liquid chemicals in public areas such as corridors, always use safety bottle
carriers that will act as secondary containment if a bottle is broken during transport. These
carriers have a convenient handle and cap and make carrying 4 L glass bottles easier and safer.
3.4 Security
All hazardous material should be stored in a secure fashion where only authorized personnel
have access to the materials. In particular, chemicals classified as poisons should be in locked
cupboards where only authorized personnel within a lab have access to the storage location.
Supervisors are responsible for ensuring that only those personnel who they have authorized to
use the material have access to these chemicals. Poisons include but are not limited to things
like cyanides, arsenics and derivatives of these chemicals known to be poisonous.
24
4.0 Chemical Spill Prevention, Preparedness and Clean up
Prevention of chemical spills is the most important aspect of a chemical spill response program.
However laboratory personnel should be aware of spill clean-up procedures and be prepared to
respond should a spill occur.
4.1 Training
It is the responsibility of the laboratory supervisor to ensure that lab personnel are trained in
appropriate chemical spill response specific to the chemicals contained within their laboratory.
Training should be documented. Lab personnel are responsible for ensuring that they are aware
of the spill clean-up procedures for any chemical(s) prior to their using said chemical(s).
4.2 Spill Kits
Each laboratory using hazardous chemical materials shall have easy access to a chemical spill
kit that is prominently located, readily visible and identifiable. A spill kit may be shared
between laboratories provided that all personnel are aware of its location and it is easily
accessible at all times. Exact contents of a spill kit should be based on the hazardous properties
of the materials present. Table 5 lists the recommended minimal requirements for spill kits.
Table 5 – Minimum Requirements for
Chemical Spill Kits Item
Universal Chemical Absorbent Pads
and/or
Universal Chemical Absorbent Powder
(silica free)
Characteristics and/or Recommended
Quality
High absorption capacity
Chemically inert
Good for all chemicals
o Acids, including hydrofluoric acid
o Bases
o Flammable liquids
o Formaldehyde
o Organic peroxides
Plastic Scoop
Polypropylene
Large Polyethylene Bags
Strong composition
Leak proof
To be used as pail liners
Gloves
Nitrile/Silver shield combination
preferred
At least 2 pairs
25
Chemical Goggles
Splash resistant
At least 2 pairs
20 L Plastic Pail with Lid
Labelled as “SPILL KIT”
To contain spill equipment
When emptied to be used as disposal
container for contaminated absorbents
Leak proof
Plastic Dust Pan and Broom
Polypropylene bristles
Other items you may want to add to your chemical spill kit, depending on the hazards present
in the lab are:
disposable Tyvek® suits;
synthetic rubber aprons;
duct tape;
pH paper;
hazardous waste tags; and
specific neutralization mixtures.
When using acid or base neutralization mixtures, one should be prepared for heat generation
and sputtering of the liquid.
Table 6 lists examples of specific neutralization mixtures.
Table 6 – Examples of Neutralization
Mixtures Available for Spill Response
Neutralizer Type
Acid Neutralizers
Examples
Sodium bicarbonate
Neutrasorb (colour change once
neutralized)
Spill-X-A
Calcium carbonate (for hydrofluoric acid
spills)
Caustic Neutralizers
Citric acid powder
Neutracit-2 (colour change once
26
neutralized)
Spill-X-C
Solvent Neutralizers
(reduce vapours and increase flashpoint)
Activated charcoal
Solusorb
Spill-X-S
Spilfyter vapour suppressor kit
If mercury or mercury compounds are present in the laboratory (including mercury in
thermometers), the lab supervisor must ensure a mercury spill kit is available.
Table 7 lists the recommended contents for a mercury spill kit.
Table 7 – Mercury Spill Kit Contents
Item
Sulphur powder or commercially
available mercury amalgamation powder
Characteristics and/or Recommended
Quality
Effectively amalgamates mercury and
suppresses vapours
Mercury vapour suppression spray
Prevents further mercury vaporization
Mercury decontamination liquid, wipes or
sponges
For surface decontamination
Aspirator
Could be a Pasteur pipette and bulb
Disposal container with lid
Preferably plastic
Mercury indicator powder (optional)
Indicates presence of mercury
Good for suspected contamination issues
and for use after clean-up
It is recommended that an inventory list be included on/in spill kits to allow for easy inspection.
Inspections should be performed regularly and documented, e.g. on an inspection tag.
Inspections should include verifying contents and ensuring that supplies are unexpired and in
good condition.
Science Facilities maintains chemical spill containment and clean up supplies in Science
Complex rm. 132, DNA Loading Dock A and LHS Loading Dock D. These are additional
27
resources which can be used to supplement the in-lab spill kits, but are not a replacement.
Mercury spill supplies and are also available at these locations.
4.3 Spill Classification
Complex spills – Complex spills are those which involve chemicals or quantities of materials in
excess of those outlined in Table 8, and require further assistance for clean-up.
Table 8 – Guidelines for the
Classification of a Complex Spill
Material
Air and water reactive materials
Flammable liquids
Combustible liquids
Non-flammable organic liquids
Concentrated acids
Concentrated bases and alkalis
Mercury
Oxidizers
Highly toxic, highly malodorous
materials
(e.g. phenol, mercaptoethanol,
hydrofluoric acid)
Low hazard material
Compressed gas leaks
Radioactive materials
Quantity
Any quantity
Greater than 4 L
Greater than 4 L
Greater than 4 L
Liquids greater than 1 L
Solids greater than 1 kg
Liquids greater than 1 L
Solids greater than 1 kg
Greater than 30 mL
Liquids greater than 1 L
Solids greater than 500 g
Liquids greater than 1 mL
Solids greater than 50 g
At the discretion of laboratory personnel
If the leak cannot be stopped by closing
the valve on the gas cylinder.
See Radiation Safety Program for proper
procedures for radioactive spill response.
The above table provides guidelines for quantities only. Other considerations for classifying a
spill as complex include whether or not respiratory protection is required and whether any
personal injuries have been sustained. Laboratory personnel should never attempt to clean-up a
spill if they have not been trained in the proper chemical spill response or are unsure of the
proper procedures. All Complex spills are to be reported to Security, RMO and Science
Facilities by calling Campus Security ext. 1333
Incidental Spills – These are minor spills not meeting the requirements of a complex spill that
can be responded to by trained laboratory personnel.
4.4 Spill Response
28
4.4.1. Complex Spill Response:
Evacuate the lab, close doors, restrict the area, and notify others in the area of the spill.
Call x1333. Trent University Campus Security dispatch will coordinate spill clean-up responses
with RMO and Science Facilities.
If safe to do so:
•
•
•
Attend to injured or contaminated personnel.
If a flammable material is involved, turn off ignition sources (i.e. shut off power
to area, turn off Bunsen burners, etc.)
• Restrict or contain the flow of the spilled liquids.
Activate emergency alarm if there is an immediate risk to the safety of other people in
the building.
•
Be available to provide technical information to emergency responders e.g. chemical
identity, MSDS, identity of other equipment and hazardous materials in the lab.
•
If it is a complex mercury spill on the Campus, do not attempt to vacuum the spill.
Contact Security at 1333. Note that regular vacuum cleaners shall not be used for
clean-up of mercury in any situation as they will create harmful mercury vapours.
4.4.2. Incidental Spill Response:
•
Attend to injured or contaminated personnel.
•
If a flammable material is involved, turn off ignition sources.
•
Restrict the area and notify others in the lab of the spill.
•
Select and don all appropriate PPE. It is essential to properly protect yourself.
•
Promptly attend to the spill according to Table 9. If unsure of the proper clean-up
procedure, contact your supervisor for guidance. The RMO and Science Facilities are
also available to provide guidance. Contact Security at 1333. Once the spill is cleaned
up or under control, contact Security to report the incident.
Table 9 – Response Procedures for Incidental
Chemical Spills Material
Acids, liquid
Procedure
If available, neutralize with sodium bicarbonate
or commercially available acid neutralizer
working from the outside in.
Using scoop, mix thoroughly to ensure
neutralization.
pH paper can be used to test completeness of
neutralization. Commercial neutralizers often
change colour to indicate neutralization.
Add more neutralizer if necessary.
29
Proceed as per general liquid spill clean-up.
Caustics, liquid
If available, neutralize with citric acid or
commercially available caustic neutralizer,
working from the outside in.
Using scoop, mix thoroughly to ensure
neutralization.
pH paper can be used to test completeness of
neutralization. Commercial neutralizers often
change colour to indicate neutralization.
Add more neutralizer if necessary.
Proceed as per general liquid spill clean-up.
Solvents
If available, suppress vapours with activated
charcoal or commercially available solvent
neutralizer working from the outside in.
Using scoop, mix thoroughly.
Proceed as per general liquid spill clean-up.
General liquids
Encircle with universal chemical absorbent
pads, socks or powder.
Cover the spill with universal chemical
absorbent pads or powder.
Allow liquid to be absorbed.
Once absorbed, transfer to garbage bags using
scoop and/or dust pan if necessary.
Label bag appropriately with hazardous waste
disposal tag and complete hazardous waste
disposal form.
Mercury
Contain the spill.
If available, spray mercury suppression spray
into immediate air space.
Push all mercury beads together.
Using the aspirator, transfer mercury beads to
plastic disposal container.
Label disposal container appropriately with
hazardous waste disposal tag and complete
hazardous waste disposal form.
Cover spill area with mercury amalgamation
powder.
Allow mercury amalgamation powder/mercury
spill to solidify (form amalgam).
Use dust pan and broom or scoop to transfer
amalgam into disposal container.
30
Decontaminate area with mercury
decontamination liquid, wipes or sponges.
Transfer all wipes, sponges, gloves etc. used in
clean-up to plastic bag, label with hazardous
waste disposal tag and complete hazardous
waste disposal form.
General solids
If there is concern about harmful dust
generation, encircle and cover the spill with
universal chemical absorbent powder.
Transfer to garbage bags using scoop and/or
broom and dust pan.
Label bag with hazardous waste disposal tag;
complete hazardous waste disposal form.
Compressed Gas/Cryogenic Liquid Leaks
Turn off cylinder valve.
If possible transfer cylinder to fume hood.
Check for leaks using a non-reactive detergent
solution or commercial leak detection solution.
If leak is obvious omit this step.
If leak continues, and gas is inert, evacuate lab
and surrounding area and treat as a complex
spill. If gas is toxic, flammable or corrosive,
activate the emergency alarm, evacuate the
building and treat as a complex spill.
N.B. Depending on the room size and the
amount of gas, an oxygen deficient atmosphere
may develop. Take particular care to ensure
your safety.
Hydrofluoric Acid
Ensure protective clothing including an
appropriate respirator is worn and that the HF
antidote is readily available.
Slowly apply solid calcium carbonate working
from the outside in.
After the acid is absorbed, mix thoroughly with
plastic scoop to ensure neutralization.
Use pH paper to test completeness of
neutralization.
Add more neutralizer if necessary.
Proceed as per general liquid spill clean-up.
31
5.0 Chemical Waste Procedures
Hazardous Chemical Waste is not to be disposed of through the Landfill waste (normal waste)
nor by pouring it down the drain (sewage). Hazardous chemicals for disposal should be
collected and then taken to either the Hazardous Chemical Waste room in ESB C 111.4, the
DNA Loading Dock B area (DNA B 114.1) or the LHS Block D Loading Dock area (D 119.3)
Suitable collection containers include, cleaned, used chemical bottles, or Chemical waste
containers obtained from Chemical Waste. They do not include, pop bottles, milk containers or
the like. Expired chemicals can be dropped off in their original containers. Used containers
must be cleaned and rinsed with water, dried and should have the original labels removed
before using as waste chemical containers.
Follow the procedures below.
5.1 PROCEDURES FOR DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE CHEMICALS, (DNA,
LHS)
(last revised September 23, 2014)
1. Choose the proper container to match the volume and type of waste
 e ns ure the conta ine r is com pa tible with the type of wa s te
 re fe r to the MS DS if ne ce s s a ry
 do not fill conta ine rs m ore tha n ¾ full
2. Do not mix incompatible waste chemicals
3. Keep halogenated and non-halogenated wastes separate ( > 0.05% halogens
constitutes halogenated waste)
4. The contents of the container must be identified in detail
 include conce ntra tion(s ) if known
 include your na m e & conta ct inform a tion
 know the WHMIS cla s s ifica tion for e a ch type of wa s te
5. If the waste material is WHMIS Class F (Dangerously Reactive) contact Angela Sikma,
x6253 and ensure all necessary precautions are in place before bringing the waste to the
drop off room.
6. Lab in DNA A/B or LHS C? You will use the DNA B114 waste room
Lab in LHS D? You will use the LHS D119 waste room (except solid bulk waste)
 tra ns port wa s te us ing s a fe ty ca rrying conta ine rs (one a va ila ble in e ach waste room)
 e a ch room is locke d--to obtain a key, contact:
DNA B114.1 waste room (for DNA A/B & LHS C occupants)
Lesley Nicole Hewitt B113 x7262
Matthew Harnden DNA A109 x7120
32
Angela Sikma ESB A203 x6253
LHS D119.3 waste room (for LHS D occupants)
Debbie Lietz LHS D216 x7486
Smolly Coulson x7126/ Dale McKay x7407/ Susan Chow x7763
Sandy Sisson: Biology Department office D102 x7424
Angela Sikma ESB A203 x6253
5.2 Waste Procedures for Hazardous Chemical waste in ESB, CSB and SC.
PROCEDURE FOR DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTE CHEMICALS (ESB,
SC, CSB)
(last revised September 23, 2011)
1.
•
•
•
•
Choose proper containment to match volume and type of waste.
ensure the container is compatible with the type of waste
refer to the material safety data sheet (MSDS) if necessary
do not fill containers more than ¾ full
tighten lids (where applicable)
2. Do not mix incompatible waste chemicals. (see Section 3.2.4 of Trent University Chemical Use,
Storage, Spills and Waste Procedures)
3.
4.
5.
Keep halogenated and non-halogenated wastes separate (halogenated waste contains >
0.05% by wt. of chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine).
Keep record of waste in container – including approximate percentages.
The contents of the container must be identified in detail
•
include concentration(s) if known
•
include your name & contact information
•
know the WHMIS classification for each type of waste
Every container must be clearly labelled with a Waste Label.
6.
Fill out Waste Label completely and assure proper attachment on container. The contents
of each container must be identified in detail and categorized to the most appropriate
category. A contact person must be included on the label. Labels are available in the drop
off room with waste categories printed on them for your use.
7.
If the waste material is WHMIS Class F (Dangerously Reactive) contact Lori Van Belle, x 7529
and ensure all necessary precautions are in place before bringing the waste to the drop off
room.
8.
Transport waste using safety containers to Room ESB C111.4, Environmental Sciences
Building. This room is kept locked. One technician in each science department has been
issued a key, you may ask one of these people to give you access to the room or you may
sign out a key for a short time from Lori Van Belle.
9.
Transport waste using safety containers to ESB C111.4
• this room is kept locked, to obtain a key contact;
Lori Van Belle
CSB D112
Emily Slepkov
SC 133
David Marshall
SC 319
Robert Loney
ESB A204.1
Miles Ecclestone
ESB B106
33
x 7529
x 7680
x 7461
x 7870
x 7689
Chris Williams
ESB A203
x 7061
10. Leave containers of waste on bench (or floor for large containers) with the Waste Label visible
and legible (and completely filled out).
11. Fully document all waste in the logbook (red binder) that is left in Room ESB C111.4. Each
column in the logbook must be completed.
12. The following waste materials should not be left in this room:
•
EMPTY bottles
•
radioactive waste (contact Radiation Safety Officer – Chris Williams x7061)
•
compressed gases (return to supplier)
•
biohazardous waste (contact Science Facilities Manager – Chris Williams x7061)
13. If you have any questions or concerns contact;
Lori Van Belle
Chemical Sciences Building D 112
ext 7529, [email protected]
34