Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research
The University of Kufa
College of Arts – Dept. of English – Fourth Year
Academic Year: 2012-2013
Lecturer
Ihssan A. J. Al-Muslimawi
M.A. in Applied Linguistics
Antidisestablishmentarianism
Morphemes

A Morpheme is conventionally divided into:
o Free Morphemes
o Bound Morphemes
What do they mean?
How can I distinguish
between them?
1- Free Morphemes
Lexical morphemes
Functional morphemes
Conjunctions
Nouns
Verbs
Prepositions
Adjectives
Adverbs
Articles
Pronouns
2- Bound Morphemes
Derivational Morphemes
Inflectional Morphemes
All Affixes
Eight Forms
ungracefully
ungracefulness
disgracefully
ungraceful
graceful
(to)disgrace
disgraceful
disgracefulness
gracelessly
(to) grace
gracefully
gracefulness
disgrace
grace
graceless
gracelessness
graciousness
graciousness
graciously
ungracious
gracious
graciousness
Inflectional Morphemes




Jim’s two sisters are really different.
One likes to have fun and is always laughing.
The other liked to read as a child and has always taken things seriously.
One is the loudest person in the house and the other is quieter than a
mouse.
1- {-S ps.) Noun Possessive (Singular or Plural).
2- {-S pl.) Noun Plural.
3- {-S 3d) Present third-person singular.
4- {-ING V} Present Participle.
5- {-D pt} Past tense.
6- {-D pp} Past Participle.
7- {-ER cp} Comparative.
8- {-EST sp} Superlative.
Morphemes
Free
Morphemes
Lexical
Morphemes
Functional
Morphemes
Bound
Morphemes
Derivational
Morphemes
Inflectional
Morphemes

Aronoff, M., & Fudeman, K. (2005). What is morphology. Oxford: Blackwell.

Booij, G. (2007). The grammar of words: an introduction of morphology (2nd ed.).
Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Crystal, D. (2005). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haspelmath, M. (2002). Understanding morphology. London: Hodder.

Stageberg, N. C. (1981). An introductory English grammar (4th ed.). New York:
Rinchart and Winston.

Yule, G. (2006). The study of language (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Thanks a lot for your listening
& attention….