2008 Architectural Technology
Higher
Finalised Marking Instructions
 Scottish Qualifications Authority 2008
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These Marking Instructions have been prepared by Examination Teams for use by SQA Appointed
Markers when marking External Course Assessments. This publication must not be reproduced for
commercial or trade purposes.
SECTION A
Attempt all questions in this Section (total 40 Marks)
Marks
1
State the name of the statutory document which serves to ensure that construction
proposals in Scotland meet minimum acceptable standards.
The statutory document is The Scottish Building Standards.
An answer containing reference to the Act of Parliament, is acceptable.
2
2
Briefly explain two principal differences between the work of a Local Authority’s
Planning Department and Building Control Department.
A brief explanation is required as follows:
The Planning Department is concerned with the types of development proposed,
their locations, overall design and environmental impact. The Building Control
Department is concerned with the technical details and construction processes in
relation to compliance with the Scottish Building Standards.
3
4
Briefly describe the ground data which is generally collected when carrying out a
linear survey.
The substance of the following is required:
In addition to the physical dimensions of the site, details gathered would include the
nature and location of boundaries, positions of existing buildings, location and type
of trees, shrubs and vegetation and site orientation.
4
(a)
A survey line, AB, has been step taped with step lengths of 12·76, 9·82, 10·85
and 7·32m. Calculate the horizontal plan length.
The individual step lengths are added together to give a total of 40·75m.
(b)
2
If the vertical difference between A and B is 6·918m, determine the average
gradient between A and B.
Average gradient is 1:5·89 or 16·98%.
5
4
4
A 30m tape, suspected of being non-standard, was checked against a baseline which
was known to be 206·310m long. The distance obtained using the tape was found to
be 206·090m. By how much has the tape been stretched or shrunk from its standard
length?
The tape length is calculated at 30·032m, therefore the tape has stretched by 0·032m
or 32mm.
Page 2
4
Marks
6
(a)
Briefly describe the most common type of level used in the construction
industry today.
The most common type of level in use is the Automatic level.
This level has a pendulum mirror system to help setting up.
(b)
2
Briefly describe which adjustments need to be carried out before reading the
levelling staff.
Two of the following adjustments are required:
•
•
•
(c)
Focus.
Parallax.
Actuator.
2
State the two main methods of level reduction.
The two main methods of level reduction are:
•
•
7
Rise and Fall.
Height of Collimation.
2
Briefly describe the two main construction methods used in domestic buildings.
The substance of the following is required:
The two main construction methods used in domestic construction are Traditional
Construction and Timber Frame construction. Both types of construction typically
use a cellular structural form. The structural and enclosure elements of
traditionally-constructed buildings are formed in masonry while the structural
elements in timber frame are constructed in structural timber. The enclosure
elements commonly are of masonry but can include timber, tiling and slating.
8
4
List four items of information the designer will require from the client, prior to
commencing work on the design.
Four items from the following list are required:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Type and use of building.
Site location.
Site ownership.
Size and shape of building.
Materials, finish and colour preferences.
Accommodation and amenity requirements.
Services requirements.
Maintenance requirements.
Target cost.
Target completion date.
Page 3
4
Marks
9
Prepare an annotated sketch to show a typical edge detail for a simple beam and slab
raft which is to support a house of traditional construction.
Show:
1.
2.
The means of supporting the external walls.
The solum treatment.
6
(40)
Page 4
SECTION B
Attempt any TWO questions in this Section (total 60 Marks)
Marks
10
Refer to the 1:1250 scale Ordnance Survey Superplan sheet and answer the
following questions.
(a)
The National Grid sheet reference of this Superplan is NO4030SW. State the
National Grid sheet references for the four adjacent sheets.
The four adjacent sheets are:
•
•
•
•
(b)
NO4029NW
NO4030NW
NO3930SE
NO4030SE
8
Name the building that has the 10m grid reference 40253047.
The Albert Institute Museum and Art Gallery
(c)
2
Briefly describe the detail in plan square 403300.
Four responses required from the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(d)
Gilfillan Memorial Church.
Tay Hotel.
Two Public Houses.
Housing.
Bench Mark.
South Marketgait.
Whitehall Crescent.
4
Briefly explain what is meant by the term Building Design.
The substance of the following is required:
In the context of building, design may refer to the final proposals for building
construction, or to the architectural features of the completed building or to
the systematic development process from the initial idea to the final proposals.
Page 5
4
Marks
(e)
State six functional requirements of buildings on a proposed private housing
development.
The substance of six of the following is required:
•
•
•
•
•
•
(f)
Must withstand the forces of nature, construction and occupation.
Must provide shelter and protection from the elements.
Must provide physical comfort.
Should be in harmony with the natural environment and site conditions.
Must provide security and safety.
Must provide space for social, domestic and business purposes.
6
Briefly explain how an application for Planning Approval is made.
The substance of the following is required:
Application is made to the Local Authority using a standard application form.
A fee is payable related to the total value of the proposals. Drawings must be
submitted which show the type, shape and size of the development along with
the proposed finishes and colours. Adjoining owners and tenants must be
informed of the date and content of the application in order to comment on the
proposals.
6
(30)
Worksheet Q11(a) shows the booking details for a set of levels taken during
an indirect contour survey of a small construction site.
11
Worksheet Q11(b) shows a plan of the site and the levelling grid used during
the survey.
(a)
On Worksheet Q11a reduce the levels using the Height of Collimation
method and perform an arithmetic check on your results.
See Worksheet (Use of Rise and Fall method is acceptable)
(b)
8
On Worksheet Q11b, mark the spot levels on the levelling grid and plot the
positions of the 30m and 31m contour lines.
See Worksheet
8
Page 6
Marks
(c)
A constraint is a restrictive condition or obligation placed on building
development.
Briefly describe three social constraints which can affect a proposed housing
development.
The substance of three of the following is required:
•
•
•
•
•
(d)
Access – Buildings must be accessible and welcoming for all people.
Aesthetics – Buildings must be pleasing and tasteful in proportion,
balance, colour and texture.
Services – Buildings must be comfortable, safe and have sufficient space
for the proposed activities.
Coherence – Buildings must complement the existing built environment.
Demographic trends – The proposals should correspond to the driving
forces of demographic trends.
6
Briefly describe two important properties of each of the following materials
used for the superstructures of domestic buildings:
Structural timber
Two of the following properties should be described:
•
•
•
•
•
Strength.
Strength/weight ratio.
Thermal resistance.
Renewable resource.
Easily shaped.
4
Masonry products
Two of the following properties should be described:
•
•
•
•
•
Strength.
Durability.
Appearance.
Water resistance.
Fire resistance.
4
(30)
Page 7
Marks
Refer to the 1:1250 scale Ordnance Survey Superplan Sheet and answer the
following questions:
12
(a)
Identify and state the meaning of four conventional symbols and notations
shown in the plan square 403302.
Four of the following required:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(b)
TCBs – Telephone Call Boxes.
Fn – Fountain.
BM – Bench Mark.
LBs – Lighting Bollards.
Stairs.
Kerb lines.
Street Addresses.
4
State the 1m grid reference of the Robert Burns Statue in front of the Albert
Institute Museum and Art Gallery.
4020530447
(c)
Determine the average gradient in Constitution Road in plan square 400304.
Horizontal distance
Vertical distance
Gradient
(d)
2
= 79·0m
= 2·9m
= 1:27·24 or 3·67%
4
Briefly explain the advantages to the construction industry of Ordnance
Survey Superplan Data and map reproductions.
The substance of the following is required:
1:1250 is the largest scale covering urban areas. All detail is true to scale and
plots are therefore true plans. Superplan is designed for CAD applications.
Some surface relief is indicated by spot levels and bench marks. Superplan is
based on the latest surveys.
Page 8
4
Marks
(e)
(i)
Prepare an annotated sketch to show the structural and enclosure
elements of a two-storey domestic building.
8
(ii)
State two performance requirements for each of the following and
briefly describe how these are met:
1. Structural elements
The substance of two of the following must be considered:
•
•
Performance requirements of Strength, Stability and Durability
would be fundamental to the structural design.
Once these performance requirements are identified then suitable
materials and methods of construction can be selected. This could
be steel or concrete framed or cellular construction in traditional
brick or timber framed construction. The choice of structural
concept cannot properly be made without considering
environmental impact, fire protection and cost.
4
2. Enclosure elements
The substance of two of the following must be considered:
•
•
Performance requirements of Weather Exclusion, Appearance,
Durability, Thermal Performance and Maintenance would apply.
Materials and a method of construction would be selected that meet
the required performance requirements. A waterproof external
cladding of brick or roughcast would normally be required with a
lightweight insulation material as a background or inner leaf. The
insulation could be combined with the structural concept.
4
(30)
Page 9
WORKSHEET Q11a
All entries are in metres
Reduction
BS
IS
FS
HOC
RL
29·965
29·750
Ordnance Bench Mark 29·750
28·920
27·100
Change Point
0·715
28·205
Peg 1
1·810
27·110
Peg 2
3·095
25·825
Peg 3
0·200
28·720
Peg 5
0·615
28·305
Peg 6
0·500
28·420
Peg 7
1·805
27·115
Peg 10
28·820
0·215
1·820
2·865
2·905
0·100
31·725
REMARKS
2·370
29·355
Peg 11
Change Point
Peg 4
0·615
31·110
Peg 8
0·525
31·200
Peg 9
1·225
30·500
Peg 12
29·755
Ordnance Bench Mark 29·750
1·970
Arithmetic check
Sum of Backsights
Sum of Foresights
Closing error
= 4·940
= 4·935
= 0·005
Page 10
WORKSHEET Q11b
Spot levels and contours
[END OF MARKING INSTRUCTIONS]
Page 11