CHAPTER 3
Classifying Living Things
Classifying Living Things
• Key questions:
• 1. How are living things classified?
• 2. What are the six kingdoms of organisms?
• 3. How do you create a key to identifying organisms?
Activity
3.1 Types of Living Things p. 44
• What are the different types of life and how do we classify them?
• The importance of classification: Living things are classified
according to similar characteristics.
• Each different type of organism is called a species.
• Species = a group of similar organisms that can produce offspring (p. 47)
There are over 10 million species in the world.
3.1 Types of Living Things
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3.1 Types of Living Things
•One system of classification groups all living
things into one of six kingdoms:
• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista  ?
• Fungi
• Plantae ?
• Animalia ?
3.1 Types of Living Things
•One system of classification groups all living
things into one of six kingdoms:
• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista  Protists
• Fungi
• Plantae ?
• Animalia ?
3.1 Types of Living Things
•One system of classification groups all living
things into one of six kingdoms:
• Archaebacteria
• Eubacteria
• Protista  Protists
• Fungi
• Plantae Plants
• Animalia ?
3.1 Types of Living Things
•One system of classification groups all living
things into one of six kingdoms:
• Archaebacteria Monerans
• Eubacteria
• Protista  Protists
• Fungi
• Plantae Plants
• Animalia Animals
Types of Living Things
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3.1 Living Things
•
To classify a living thing into one of the kingdoms, scientists ask
3 questions:
1.
Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or eukaryotic (complex) cells?
3.1 Living Things
•
To classify a living thing into one of the kingdoms, scientists ask
3 questions:
1. Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or eukaryotic (complex) cells?
Flash cards: Use prefixes and suffixes page to define these terms.
Pro + karyotic 
Eu + karyotic 
3.1 Living Things
•
To classify a living thing into one of the kingdoms, scientists ask
3 questions:
1.
Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or eukaryotic (complex) cells?
Prokaryotic  no true nucleus
Eukaryotic 
3.1 Living Things
•
To classify a living thing into one of the kingdoms, scientists ask
3 questions:
1.
Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or eukaryotic (complex) cells?
Prokaryotic  no true nucleus
Eukaryotic  membrane-bound nucleus
3.1 Living Things
•
To classify a living thing into one of the kingdoms, scientists ask
3 questions:
1.
Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or eukaryotic (complex) cells?
2.
Is it single-celled (one-celled) or multicellular (many-celled)?
3.1 Living Things
•
To classify a living thing into one of the kingdoms, scientists ask
3 questions:
1.
2.
3.
Does it have prokaryotic (simple) cells or eukaryotic (complex) cells?
Is it single-celled (one-celled) or multicellular (many-celled)?
Does it get energy by making its own food (as a producer) or by
getting food from other organisms (as a consumer)?
3.1 Two kingdoms of bacteria
• Bacteria are the simplest of
all living things.
• They are single-celled
organisms and their cells do
not have a nucleus.
• Some bacteria can produce
their own food.
• Others break down food
and absorb it.
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Monerans
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2 types of bacteria
• Eubacteria are prokaryotic organisms, as characterized by the lack
of a membrane-enclosed nucleus, predominantly unicellular, with
DNA in single circular chromosome. They include most of the
familiar bacteria of medical and economic importance such as E.
coli, Staphylococcus , Salmonella, Lactobacillus. (BiologyOnline)
• Archaebacteria = Unicellular organisms often inhabiting extreme
environmental conditions. (BiologyOnline)
3.1 Protists
• Members of the
Kingdom Protista are
called protists.
• Protists are an odd
group of organisms
because they have
many different
characteristics.
3.1 Fungi
• Fungi are important because they break down
rotting things and return the nutrients to the soil.
• Kingdom Fungi includes the fungi, mushrooms,
molds, and yeasts.
3.1 Plants
• The Kingdom Plantae is made up of multicellular
organisms whose cells have a nucleus.
• In photosynthesis, plants convert energy from the
sun and store it in the form of molecules.
3.1 Animals
• Animals are multicellular organisms with cells that
have a nucleus.
• Beetles, worms, snakes, and birds are classified into
the Kingdom Animalia.
3.1 Plant and Animal kingdoms
compared
3.1 Classifying life
• Taxonomy is the process of identifying and classifying living
things.
• A Swedish scientist and explorer named Carolus Linnaeus (1707–
1778) developed a system of classification in the 1700s.
• There are currently seven levels of classification.
3.1 Levels of classification
• Organisms with shared characteristics are grouped
together.
• What characteristic do these organisms share?
3.1 Levels of classification
• For animals, the levels of classification are: kingdom, phylum,
class, order, family, genus, and species.
•At what level are these two animals classified differently?
3.1 Scientific Names
• A scientific name is the twopart, scientifically recognized
name given to an organism,
consisting of its genus and
species.
3.1 Scientific Names
• You may have a difficult
time understanding
scientific names
because they are usually
in Latin or Greek.
• Felis is Latin for “cat”
and domesticus is Latin
for “domesticated.”