+
“A Peace Built
on Quicksand”
+ The Major Players
n 
Big Four
n 
n 
n 
n 
n 
United States: Woodrow Wilson
France: Georges Clemenceau
Great Britain: David Lloyd George
Italy: Vittorio Orlando
Russia, Germany, or her allies not
there
+ Fourteen
Points
n  Woodrow Wilson’s
plan for peace
n  Fourteen
Points –
outlined plan to
achieve lasting
peace
n 
Points 1-4: end to
secret treaties,
freedom of the seas,
free trade, and reduced
national armies and
navies
+
Fourteen Points
n Points
6-13:
suggestions for
creating new nations
n Self-Determination
– allowing people to
decide gov’t for
themselves
n Point 14: proposed
League of Nations
+
Versailles Treaty
n Treaty
of Versailles
n  Adopted
League of
Nations – association of
nations to keep peace
n  Blamed Germany for war
n  Lost territory
n  Severe restrictions
n  War-Guilt Clause –
placed sole
responsibility on
Germany and forced
them to pay reparations
+ Mandates
and New Nations
n Austro-Hungarian
Empire
broke up
n OE
gave up territory
n  Allies
made lands in Middle
East into mandates –
countries under control of
the Allied powers until they
could “rule themselves”
n  Winston Churchill helped
to draw most of these lines
+ “A Peace Built on Quicksand”
n  Treaty
of Versailles did
little for a lasting peace
n  Anger
Germans bitter b/c they
were blamed
n  African and Middle
Eastern people angry b/c
Allies disregarded
independence
n  Some Allies were angry
n  Japan and Italy did not
get land they wanted
n 
+ Where is all this going?
n 
While history is never…wait for it, new word...teleological – assuming
that everything is destined to happen in the way it happened – it is not
hard to see where all the anger could be going following the decision of
Versailles
n 
In short – it will lead to a war that is even more signficant for the course
of the world and the rise of people who we consider to be the biggest
monsters in the Western world