Name ____________________________ Date _______________________
Class __________________________
Question to Think About As you read Section 1 in your textbook and take notes, keep this section
focus question in mind: How did key people bring about reform in education and society?
Complete this chart to record key information from the section.
Some people worked to make the political system fairer. They supported causes such as
legal rights for
women
and the end of
slavery ___________ .
How the Second Great Awakening encouraged reform:



Doctrine of free will: the idea that people’s own actions determine their _____________________
Charles Finney: minister who held the first _______________________________________
If people had the power to improve themselves, they could _____________________ society.
Utopian Communities
 Definition: communities that tried to create perfect societies ______________________________
 Robert Owen: founded a utopian community called New Harmony in Indiana
 Results: ________________________________________________________________
Temperance Movement
 Definition: an organized effort to end alcohol abuse and the problems it creates
 Many women supported this movement because women and children suffered at the hands of drinking
men
 Some reformers supported prohibition, which is ____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Movement to Reform Prisons
 Dorothea Dix worked to support the building of new, more sanitary, and more humane
_______________________
 Dix urged the government to create asylums for the ___________________________________.
Education Reform
 Public schools were supported as a way to create more informed ____________________________
and help new _______________________________________________.
 Horace Mann: reformer from Massachusetts who ___________________________________________
 Reformers of African American education met resistance.
 First state to admit African Americans to public schools: ___________________________
 Ashmun Institute: first college founded for African American men
Refer to this page to answer the Chapter 12 Focus Question on page 197.
Unit 4
pg. 1
Chapter 12
Section 1
Name ____________________________ Date _______________________
Class __________________________
Question to Think About As you read Section 2 in your textbook and take notes, keep this section focus
question in mind: How did abolitionists try to end slavery?
Complete this chart to record key information from the section.




1780: Pennsylvania
became the first state to pass a law gradually ending slavery.
Ohio was the first state to ___________________________________ in its constitution
By 1804,every _____________________________________ had ended or pledged to end slavery.
The American Colonization Society began an effort to gradually free and then send slaves back to
Liberia, but it was_________________________________________.
Abolitionists
 definition:________________________________________________________________________
_
William Lloyd Garrison
 important abolitionist leader who founded the newspaper the Liberator
in 1831
 supported giving all African Americans_________________________________________________
 cofounded the New England Anti-Slavery Society
David Walker
 wrote Appeal: to the Coloured Citizens of the World in 1829, a pamphlet that called on enslaved
people to ____________________________________
Frederick Douglass
 an escaped ______________________ and powerful___________________________________
 published the North Star, an __________________________________________________________
John Quincy Adams
 As a member of Congress, he read antislavery _____________________ from the floor of the House.
 spoke to the Supreme Court for nine hours to help free ____________________________ captives
 definition: _______________________________________________________________
 “conductors”: people who helped runaway slaves move between “stations”
 “stations”: usually ________________________________________________________
 Harriet Tubman: nicknamed_________________________, escorted__________________
In the North:
 Northern textile mill owners and merchants relied on cotton produced by enslaved people
 Northern workers feared that _____________________________________________.
.
In the South:
 defended slavery as a positive force
 Southerners in Congress won passage of a “gag rule,” which blocked discussion of ______________
________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ .
Refer to this page to answer the Chapter 12 Focus Question on page 197.
Unit 4
pg. 2
Chapter 12
Section 2
Name ____________________________ Date _______________________
Class __________________________
Question to Think About As you read Section 3 in your textbook and take notes, keep this section focus
question in mind: How did the women’s suffrage movement begin?
Complete this chart to record key information from the section.
Important leaders
 Sojourner Truth: former slave who spoke on behalf of African Americans and women
 Lucretia Mott: active in antislavery movement and had organizing and speaking skills
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton: wrote the Declaration of Sentiments
How it came about: Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were not allowed to take an active role in an
antislavery
convention. In response, they organized a ________________________________
in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848.
Declaration of Sentiments
 the beginning of the battle for ___________________________________________________
 It demanded full equality for women in all areas of life.
Suffrage
 definition: ___________________________________________________________________
The Seneca Falls Convention launched the women’s rights movement.
 Stanton and Susan B. Anthony founded the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1869.
 In 1860, Stanton and Anthony convinced New York to pass a law protecting women’s property rights.
Education
 Emma Willard: founded the Troy Female Seminary, which served as a model for girls’ schools
everywhere.
 Mary Lyon: founded Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, the first college for women
Careers
 Margaret Fuller: wrote Women in the Nineteenth Century, which was about the need for women’s rights
 Elizabeth Blackwell: the first woman to graduate from a medical school
 Maria Mitchell: the first professor hired at Vassar college and the first woman elected to the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Refer to this page to answer the Chapter 12 Focus Question on page 197.
Unit 4 Chapter 12 Section 3
pg. 3
Name ____________________________ Date _______________________
Class __________________________
An Age of Reform
Geography and History
The Underground Railroad
In the early 1800s, a secret network helped enslaved people escape to the North. This network was called the
Underground Railroad. It was not really a railroad, but it was called a “railroad” because it had regular routes that people
moved along. It was called “underground” because it was secret. The map below shows some of the routes of the
Underground Railroad.
Directions: Study the map. Then answer the questions that follow.
1. In what part of the country were most of the routes?
2. What was the farthest northern point of the Underground Railroad?
3. Interpret Maps What major rivers did many enslaved people travel on or have to cross when traveling on the
Underground Railroad?
pg. 4
Name ____________________________ Date _______________________
Class __________________________
An Age of Reform
Primary Source
The Declaration of Sentiments
Elizabeth Cady Stanton read the Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848.
Directions: In this activity, you will determine how relevant the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments is to the
current women’s movement. Below is a shortened and adapted version of the Declaration. Read it and then answer the
questions that follow.
1. In a vertical column, list the grievances of the declaration. Next to each, state whether it is valid or not valid today.
2. If this declaration were written today, what additional grievances might be listed by women?
3. Link Past and Present What three gains in women’s rights since 1848 do you consider the most important? Why?
pg. 5