90 Oedipus the King by Sophocles Definitions Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org Oedipus the King Definitions 1. augury AW gyuh ree an omen or prophecy ,<<auguryAW Synonyms >> Several auguries were revealed to Caesar before his death. Derivatives >> 2. bane, baneful ,<<bane, Synonyms >> Antonym >> augur, auguries, augured BANE ful a source of harm or destruction; harmful, destructive deleterious, detrimental, noxious, pernicious Antonym >> benign influence; harmless Overeating was the bane of her existence. The baneful herbs made the woman extremely ill. Derivatives >> 3. baneful, banefully, banefulness baseness BASE nes the quality of lacking higher values ,<<basenessBAS Synonyms >> vileness, servility, unworthiness Antonym >> We were shocked at the baseness of the criminal. 4. Derivatives >> base, baser, basest, basely bewail buh WALE Synonyms >> bemoan, lament to deplore, to express deep sorrow Antonym >> to rejoice in He bewailed the passing of his grandfather whom he loved and admired. Derivatives >> bewailed, bewailing BLIE ted 5. blighted destroyed or caused by decline or decay Antonym >> good; healthy; wholesome Synonyms >> The blighted fruit had to be separated from the rest. Derivati ves >> blight BLIETH 6. blithe Synonyms >> jocund, jolly, jovial lighthearted, joyous, glad, cheerful, free of spirit Antonym >> morose Her blithe spirit provided an air of gaiety at the meeting. Derivatives >> blithely, blithesome, blithesomely, blithesomeness 7. boon BOON favorable; a blessing, a benefit ,<<boonBOONb Synonyms >> Antonym >> curse Hiring that young man was a boon for our company. Derivatives >> boons, boonless 8. brazen BRAY zen shameless, insolent, disrespectful ,<<brazenBRA Synonyms >> Antonym >> reserved; mild Pinching that woman was a very brazen act. Derivatives >> brazenly, brazenness, brazenfaced 9. chide CHIDE to voice disapproval, to scold ,<<chideCHIDE Synonyms >> admonish, castigate, chasten, chastise, rebuke, reprove Antonym >> to applaud I was chided by my teacher for not completing my assignment. Derivatives >> chided, chid, chidden, chiding, chider, chidingly 10. concert KON surt ,<<concertKON Synonyms >> agreement in purpose or feeling, consensus Antonym >> discord My wife and children were in concert together to destroy me. Derivatives >> 11. defile ,<<defiledeh Synonyms >> concerted, concertedly deh FILE contaminate, taint to make dirty, to desecrate, to pollute Antonym >> to enhance The gang defiled the school with obscene graffiti. Derivatives >> defilement, defiler, defiling, defilingly Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org 12. dirge DURJ funeral hymn, lament ,<<dirgeDURJd Synonyms >> The music was so morose and solemn that it sounded like a dirge. Derivatives >> Antonym >> dance dirgeful, dirges 13. discern deh SURN to differentiate between two or more things ,<<discerndeh Synonyms >> Antonym >> to ignore; to be oblivious; to confuse Because of the fog, I was barely able to discern the landing strip. Derivatives >> 14. disparity ,<<disparitydeh Synonyms >> discerner, discernible, discernable, discernibleness, discernibly, discernably, discerningly, discernment deh SPAR eh tee inequality, the condition or fact of being unequal in age, rank, or degree Antonym >> similarity The couple got married even though there was a great disparity in their ages. Derivatives >> disparate, disparately, disparateness, disparatum 15. divination div uh NAY shun ,<<divinationdiv Synonyms >> foretelling the future by means of magic Antonym >> The prophet was known for his accuracy in divination. Derivatives >> 16. entreaty ,<<entreatyen Synonyms >> divinator, divinatory, divine, divination, divined en TREE tee a plea, an earnest request adjuration, appeal, suit, importunity, supplication Antonym >> denial The lawyer made a lengthy entreaty to the jury before they retired to chambers. Derivatives >> entreat, entreatingly, entreatment eh SPOUZ ing 17. espousing marrying, giving one's loyalty; adopting or embracing a cause Antonym >> denying Synonyms >> The politician seems to be espousing the issue of decreased taxation in order to gain supporters. Derivatives >> espoused, espousing, espousal, espouser FES tur 18. fester to cause increased poisoning, to inflame or to corrupt Antonym >> to heal Synonyms >> The wound will fester if it is not given some medical attention. Derivatives >> festered, festering 19. fold (noun) FOLD a group bound together by common beliefs; fenced enclosure for sheep ,<<fold Synonyms >> Antonym >> individuals We need to convince him to return to the fold. Derivatives >> folds 20. foreboding fore BOE ding premonition of evil, an ominous omen ,<<forebodingfo Synonyms >> prediction, portent, presentiment Antonym >> serene The black clouds overhead were a foreboding of bad weather. Derivatives >> forebode, foreboder 21. fruitless FRUIT les unproductive, unsuccessful ,<<fruitlessFRU Synonyms >> Antonym >> productive It is fruitless to try to finish this project today. Derivatives >> 22. goad ,<<goadGODEg Synonyms >> fruitful, fruitlessly, fruitfully GODE to urge on in a negative sense Antonym >> to dissuade He was goaded by his friends to take drugs. Derivatives >> 23. gracious ,<<graciousGR Synonyms >> goaded, goading GRAY shus marked by kindness, courtesy, and tact affable, cordial, genial, sociable Antonym >> surly My mother was always gracious regardless of the situation. Derivatives >> graciousness, graciously GREE vus 24. grievous characterized by severe suffering or sorrow, serious or grave Antonym >> minor Synonyms >> You made a grievous error when you spoke to your parents in such a horrible fashion. Derivatives >> grievously, grievousness HAR bur 25. harbor to give shelter or refuge Antonym >> to turn away Synonyms >> It is illegal to harbor an escaped convict. Derivatives >> harbors, harbored,harboring, harborage Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org 26. haughty HAW tee arrogant, excessively proud and vain ,<<haughtyHA Synonyms >> disdainful, high-handed, insolent, lordly, supercilious Antonym >> humble Being quarterback of the football team does not give him the right to be haughty. Derivatives >> haughtily, haughtiness 27. heralded HER ul did announced or publicized ,<<heraldedHE Synonyms >> The approaching event was heralded by the newspapers. Derivatives >> Antonym >> unannounced heraldic, heraldically, heraldist, heraldry 28. impetuous im PECH oo us ,<<impetuousim Synonyms >> violent, hasty, rash, impulsive Antonym >> reserved His impetuous behavior caused him to make many mistakes. Derivatives >> 29. indignation ,<<indignationi Synonyms >> impetuosity, impetuously, impetuousness, impetus in dig NAY shun fury, ire, rage, wrath anger as a result of something unjust Antonym >> serenity I have much indignation about the light sentence given to the drunk driver who ran over my child . Derivatives >> 30. infamous ,<<infamousIN Synonyms >> indignant, indignantly, indignance, indignify, indignities IN fuh mus disreputable, ignominious having a reputation of the worst kind, vicious, notoriously bad Antonym >> illustrious The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was an infamous act. Derivatives >> infamously, infamy, infamies IN suh luns 31. insolence Synonyms >> insulting or contemptuous behavior arrogance, haughtiness, high-handedness, impertinence Antonym >> His insolence and lack of respect for his mother are shocking. Derivatives >> insolent, insolently, insolency, insolentness in VIE uh luh bul 32. inviolable secure from violation or from being profaned Antonym >> destructible Synonyms >> The numerous guards attempt to make the President inviolable. Derivatives >> inviolate, inviolability, invioableness, invioably, inviolacy, inviolateness, inviolately, inviolated, inviolating 33. lament luh MENT to mourn or to express sorrow in a demonstrative manner ,<<lamentluh Synonyms >> bemoan, bewail, deplore Antonym >> to rejoice She lamented the death of her father in a very lachrymose manner. Derivatives >> lamented, lamenting, lamentation, lamentable 34. lineage LEN ee ij line of descent or tradition ,<<lineageLEN Synonyms >> background, ancestry The girl traced her lineage to a family in the American revolution. Derivatives >> Antonym >> lineages 35. malign muh LINE to utter injuriously misleading reports about ,<<malignmuh Synonyms >> traduce, asperse, vilify, calumniate, defame Antonym >> to extol Several old gossips in the neighborhood had maligned the woman. Derivatives >> 36. muted ,<<mutedMYO Synonyms >> malignance, malignancy, malignant, malignantly MYOO tid toned down or silenced Antonym >> amplified The conductor wanted the music to be muted at one spot in the performance. Derivatives >> 37. oblivion ,<<oblivionuh Synonyms >> mute, mutedly, mutely, muteness uh BLIV ee un state of being forgotten Antonym >> remembrance Until the singer's recent hit, his career had fallen into a state of oblivion. Derivatives >> oblivious, obliviously PAL puh bul 38. palpable tangible, perceptible, easily noticeable Synonyms >> Antonym >> I do not see how I overlooked such a palpable miscalculation. Derivatives >> palpability, palpably, palpableness PEEL 39. peal Synonyms >> a loud ringing (usually of bells) Antonym >> The church bells pealed at noon to celebrate the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana. Derivatives >> pealed, pealing Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org 40. perishable PER eh shuh bul likely to decay or to spoil ,<<perishableP Synonyms >> We have to move the perishable items to a cooler place. Derivatives >> Antonym >> unlikely to deteriorate perishability, perishableness, perishably, perishing, perishless, perishment 41. pithy PITH ee concise and meaningful ,<<pithyPITH Synonyms >> compendious, laconic, succinct, summary, terse Antonym >> long and drawn out Due to great demands on his time, the President needs memos that he must read to be pithy. Derivatives >> 42. potent ,<<potentPOTE Synonyms >> pithier, pithiest, pith POTE unt powerful, having a strong effect Antonym >> ineffectual They gave me a potent pain killer to stop the throbbing sensation in my leg. Derivatives >> potence, potency 43. presage PRES ij something that foreshadows a future event; foreknowledge of the future ,<<presagePRE Synonyms >> omen, foreboding, presentiment, prediction Antonym >> Many view a rainbow as a presage of good fortune. Derivati ves >> 44. profane ,<<profanepruh Synonyms >> presageful, presagement, presager, presaging, presagingly, presagious pruh FANE showing contempt toward sacred things Antonym >> holy Profane language will not be tolerated on the tennis court. Derivatives >> profanation, profanatory, profanely, profaneness, profaner, profanity KWAK 45. quack an unqualified or fake doctor, charlatan Antonym >> qualified physician Synonyms >> Fortunately the girl was saved from the scalpel of the quack who called himself a doctor. Derivatives >> quackery, quackish, quackishly, quackishness, quackism KWELL 46. quell to quiet or to put down a disturbance Antonym >> to foment; to incite Synonyms >> Fortunately, the principal was able to quell the food fight in the cafeteria. Derivatives >> quelled, quelling, quells 47. quench KWENCH to extinguish, to put out; to relieve with liquid ,<<quenchKWE Synonyms >> Antonym >> to stir up He quenched the hot coals in the barbecue pit with water. Derivatives >> quencher, quenched, quenching, quenchable, quenchableness 48. reproach reh PROCH to blame for something; a disgrace ,<<reproachreh Synonyms >> admonish, castigate, chasten, chastise, chide, rebuke, reprove Antonym >> to praise; accolade Her conduct was so good that it was beyond reproach. Derivatives >> reproachable, reproachful, reproachfully, reproachfulness, reproachingly 49. respite RES pit a rest, a delay, a period of relief ,<<respiteRES Synonyms >> Antonym >> continuance I enjoy a quiet lunch that serves a respite from my tense job of being an air traffic controller. Derivatives >> 50. revere ,<<reverereh Synonyms >> respiteless reh VERE adore, venerate, worship to honor, to regard with respect Antonym >> to despise Nearly all Catholics revere the Pope. Derivatives >> 51. rue ,<<rueROOrue Synonyms >> reverence, reverent, reverentness, reverential, reverentiality, reverentially ROO to be sorry for, to regret Antonym >> to consider happily He will rue the day that he tangles with me. Derivatives >> 52. soothsayer rueful, ruefully, ruefulness, rues SOOTH say ur a person who is able to predict the future, seer Synonyms >> Antonym >> After John Kennedy was shot, many self-proclaimed soothsayers claimed to have predicted the assassination. Derivatives >> soothsay, soothsaying STEL the 53. stealthy Synonyms >> acting in a secret and sneaky way--this is a negative term clandestine, covert, furtive, surreptitious, underhanded Antonym >> open; indiscreet The secret organization moves by stealth to gather information on its enemies. Derivatives >> stealthful, stealthfully, stealthily, stealthiness, stealth Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org 54. sublime suh BLIME exalted, noble, uplifting ,<<sublimesuh Synonyms >> resplendent, superb Antonym >> The romantic dinner, which included delicious food, soft music, and a beautiful setting, was simply sublime. Derivatives >> sublimely, sublimeness, sublimer 55. summon SUM un to call together, to send for or to request to appear ,<<summonSU Synonyms >> convene, convoke, muster Antonym >> to turn away I am frightened because I have been summoned to the principal's office. Derivatives >> summoner, summons 56. supplication sup luh KAY shun begging, humbly asking for a favor ,<<supplications Synonyms >> adjuration, beseechment, entreaty, imploration, importunity Antonym >> I am going to see the Governor to make a supplication for a pardon for my brother. Derivatives >> 57. surfeited ,<<surfeitedSU Synonyms >> supplicate, supplicatingly, supplicator, supplicatory SUR feh ted fed or supplied to excess cloyed, glutted, gorged, palled, sated, satiated Antonym >> starved I was surfeited after having eaten so much food at the banquet. Derivatives >> 58. tarry ,<<tarryTARE Synonyms >> surfeit, surfeiter TARE ee to delay in coming or going, to linger Antonym >> to depart promptly Please do not tarry; I want you to be here on time. Derivatives >> 59. tempestuous tarriness, tarried, tarries tem PES choo us turbulent, stormy Antonym >> calm Synonyms >> The mayoral candidates had a tempestuous debate in which they exchanged many personal accusations. Derivatives >> tempestuously, tempestuousness, tempest un WIT ing 60. unwitting not intentional, without knowledge Antonym >> conscious Synonyms >> Because her day-to-day routine was so precise and obvious, she was an unwitting tool of the thief. Derivatives >> unwittingly, unwittingness 61. utter UT ur to express by speaking ,<<utterUT Synonyms >> The teacher told me not to utter another word. Derivatives >> Antonym >> to leave unspoken utters, uttered, uttering, utterance 62. vagrant VAY grunt a wanderer who does not have a home ,<<vagrantVAY Synonyms >> Antonym >> There are many vagrants who sleep under freeways in urban areas. Derivatives >> vagrance, vagrancy, vagrantly 63. vehement VEE uh munt forcefully expressing emotion or conviction ,<<vehementVE Synonyms >> Antonym >> meek He vehemently denied that he had said those harsh words. Derivatives >> 64. venerate ,<<venerateVE Synonyms >> vehemence, vehemency, vehemently VEN uh rate adore, worship to honor, to revere Antonym >> Although I did not always agree with President Kennedy, I venerate his memory. Derivatives >> 65. vexation ,<<vexationvek Synonyms >> veneration, venerational, venerator, venerable, venerability vek SAY shun discomfort or distress Antonym >> pleasantry The young children were a source of vexation to their nervous, neurotic mother. Derivatives >> vex, vexatious, vexedly, vexedness, vexingly VIN duh kay ted 66. vindicated Synonyms >> cleared of accusations or charges absolved, acquitted, exculpated, exonerated Antonym >> accused I am willing to go to trial and believe that I will be vindicated of all charges. Derivatives >> vindicate, vindication, vindicative, vindicator, vindicatory, vindictive, vindictively, vindictiveness WOE 67. woe Synonyms >> great sorrow, grief, or misfortune Antonym >> happiness The woe she suffered at his death continued through months of depression. Derivatives >> woes, woebegone, woeful, woebegoneness, woefully, woefulness Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org 68. zeal ZEEL enthusiasm, fervor ,<<zealZEELze Synonyms >> Antonym >> lack of enthusiasm To the delight of his students, he brought great zeal to the teaching profession. Derivatives >> zeals, zealless, zealot, zealotic, zealotism, zealotry Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org 90 Oedipus the King by Sophocles Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org Oedipus the King by Sophocles These words which appear in Oedipus the King have been identified as words or derivatives of words that have appeared on past SAT tests. They are listed here in alphabetical order. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. augur baneful base bewailed blight blithe boons brazen chiding conceit defiled dirge discern disparate divination entreaty espouse 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. festering fold foreboding fruitful goads graciously grievous harbored haughtily herald impetuous indignant infamous insolence inviolate lamentation lineage 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. malign mute oblivion palpable peal perishing pithy potency presage profaning quack quell quench reproach respite reverence rue 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. soothsayer stealth sublime summoned supplicate surfeited tarries tempest unwitting utter vagrant vehement venerable vex vindication woe zeal These words which appear in Oedipus the King have been identified as words or derivatives of words that have appeared on past SAT tests. They are listed here in the order in which they appear in the novel. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. woe venerable blight fruitful zeal tarries harbored blithe graciously brazen stealth utter malign quack mute rue unwitting 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. reproach vex augur foreboding indignant palpable boons concert soothsayer discern vehement pithy supplicated herald infamous summoned divination 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. sublime oblivion insolence surfeited quell haughtily inviolate reverence perishing profaning espouse potency vagrant base lineage fold chiding 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org grievous dirge lamentation bewailed respite goads quench defiled presage festering entreaty baneful impetuous peal vindication disparate tempest Oedipus the King by Sophocles Vocabulary Test 1 Directions: Match the word in the left column with the correct definition in the right column. Exercise A ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. augury bane baseness bewail blighted blithe boon brazen chide concert a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. to deplore, to express deep sorrow to voice disapproval, to scold a source of harm or destruction shameless, insolent, disrespectful destroyed or caused by decline or decay agreement in purpose or feeling an omen or prophecy the quality of lacking higher values something favorable, a blessing, a benefit lighthearted, joyous, glad, cheerful a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. to cause increasing poisoning; to inflame or corrupt a plea; an earnest request marrying; giving one's loyalty; adopting a cause a group bound together by common beliefs to differentiate between two or more things funeral hymn; lament to make dirty; desecrate; pollute premonition of evil; an ominous omen foretelling the future by means of magic inequality; the condition of being unequal in age, rank or degree a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. to give shelter or refuge insulting or contemptuous behavior to mourn in a demonstrative manner having a reputation of the worst kind, notoriously bad to urge on in a negative sense announced or publicized secure from violation or from being profaned marked by kindness, courtesy and tact violent, hasty, rash, impulsive line of descent or tradition unproductive, unsuccessful arrogant, exessively proud and vain anger as a result of something unjust characterized by severe suffering or sorrow, serious Exercise B ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. defile dirge discern disparity divination entreaty espousing fester fold (noun) foreboding Exercise C ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. fruitless goad gracious grievous harbor haughty heralded impetuous indignation infamous insolence inviolable lament lineage Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org Oedipus the King by Sophocles Vocabulary Test 2 Directions: Match the word in the left column with the correct definition in the right column. Exercise A ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. malign muted oblivion palpable peal perishable pithy potent presage profane a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. likely to decay or spoil powerful, having a strong effect tangible, perceptible, easily noticeable showing contempt toward sacred things toned down or silenced something that foreshadows a future event to utter injuriously misleading reports about a loud ringing--usually bells state of being forgotten concise and meaningful a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. to honor; to regard with respect to blame for something; a disgrace a person who is able to predict the future; seer to extinguish; to put out; to relieve with liquid exalted, noble, uplifting to be sorry for; to regret acting in a secret and sneaky way an unqualified or fake doctor; charlatan a rest, a delay, a period of relief to quiet or put down a disturbance a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. a wanderer who does not have a home to honor; to revere not intentional; without knowledge great sorrow, grief, or misfortune to delay in coming or going; to linger begging; humbly asking for a favor forceful expression of emotion or conviction cleared of accusations or charges turbulent; stormy to call together; to send for; a request to appear enthusiasm; fervor fed or supplied to excess discomfort or distress to express by speaking Exercise B ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. quack quell quench reproach respite revere rue soothsayer stealthy sublime Exercise C ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. summon supplication surfeited tarry tempestuous unwitting utter vagrant vehement venerate vexation vindicated woe zeal Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org Oedipus the King by Sophocles Test 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. g c h a e j i d b f g f 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. e j i b c a d h k e h n 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. a l f i m d b g c j 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. d b i a f c g e j f l e 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. i c n a g b m h d k Test 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. g e i c h a j b f d h j Copyright © 2002 by Advanced Placement Strategies, Inc. All rights reserved. Used under license by Laying the Foundation, Inc. www.layingthefoundation.org
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz