New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning
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Progressive Science Initiative
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Earth Science:
Earth's Place in the Universe
Unit 2: The Moon
www.njctl.org
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Table of Contents: The Moon
· Facts About the Moon
· Phases of the Moon (1-4)
· Phases of the Moon (5-8)
· The Moon's Effect on Earth
· Review
Click on the topic to go to that section
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Facts About the Moon
Return to Table
of Contents
Have you seen this in the night sky?
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In the night sky you might see....
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Have you seen this in the night sky?
When you look into the night sky,
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what do you see?
Classwork #1
Draw the night sky.
Write about your picture.
When students have completed their picture, take time to discuss their
class work before moving to the next slide.
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We are going to learn about and
explore the night sky.
What do we already know about the Moon?
K
W
L
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Reflection
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The moon does not
have its own light.
The sun's light
reflects off the
moon's surface.
That reflection is
what we see when
we look up at the
moon.
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Lab 1
You will need a mirror and a flash light.
Work with a partner as you follow the
directions on lab handout.
The Moon
The moon is earth's only natural satellite.
A natural satellite is a space body that orbits a planet.
The opposite of a natural
satellite is an artificial satellite.
An artificial satellite is
something that is placed in
orbit around a planet, like the
International Space Station.
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Gravity
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The moon and
Earth are always
together, pulled
towards each
other by gravity.
click here
to see a
quick
video
about
gravity
The Moon Orbits Earth
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What does orbit mean?
Do you remember?
click here to sing along with a song about orbits!
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The Moon Orbits Earth
The moon orbits Earth about every 29 days.
The moon and Earth orbit the sun.
Click here and take a look.
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1 The moon is a natural satellite to Earth.
Yes
No
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1 The moon is a natural satellite to Earth.
Yes
Answer
No
Yes
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2 The Earth and the moon are pulled together by gravity.
Yes
No
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2 The Earth and the moon are pulled together by gravity.
Yes
Answer
No
Yes
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3 The moon gives off its own light.
True
False
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3 The moon gives off its own light.
False
Answer
True
False
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4 We can see the moon because the Sun's light
reflects off the
A satellite
B moon's surface
C telescope
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4 We can see the moon because the Sun's light
reflects off the
A satellite
C telescope
Answer
B moon's surface
B - moon's surface
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5 Earth orbits the sun.
True
False
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5 Earth orbits the sun.
False
Answer
True
True
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6 The moon orbits the sun every 29 days.
True
False
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6 The moon orbits the sun every 29 days.
True
Answer
False
False
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Sides of the Moon
The side of the moon that we can see from Earth is called the
near side of the moon.
The other side is called the dark side of the Moon.
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Far Side of the Moon
We had to send a
space craft out to
take pictures of the
far side of the
moon!
Dark (Far) Side of the Moon
Surface of the Moon
The moon's surface has
huge craters.
A crater is a bowl shape in
the surface of a planet or
moon that was caused by
something smashing into it.
The surface of the moon
is hot in the places where
the sun shines on it and
cold in the shadows.
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Astronauts on the Moon
The moon does not have the air that we need to breathe.
NASA's astronauts
have visited the moon.
They had to wear
special suits that had
air tanks so that they
could breathe.
An astronaut is a
person who explores
outer space.
Click here for a video of the first moon landing.
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7 We say that there are __________ sides of the moon.
A eight
B one
C two
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7 We say that there are __________ sides of the moon.
B one
C two
Answer
A eight
C - two
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8 Is the moon's surface smooth?
Yes
No
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8 Is the moon's surface smooth?
Yes
Answer
No
No
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9 Does the moon have craters?
Yes
No
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9 Does the moon have craters?
Yes
Answer
No
Yes
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10 The surface of the moon is ______ where the sun
shines.
A cold
B hot
C wet
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10 The surface of the moon is ______ where the sun
shines.
A cold
C wet
Answer
B hot
A - cold
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11 In the shadows, the surface of the moon is _______.
A frozen
B hot
C cold
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11 In the shadows, the surface of the moon is _______.
B hot
C cold
Answer
A frozen
C - cold
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12 To visit the moon, we need:
A a space suit
B tanks of air
C both of the above
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12 To visit the moon, we need:
B tanks of air
Answer
A a space suit
C both of the above
C - both of the above
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Phases of the Moon
(1-4)
Return to Table
of Contents
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The Moon
When you look up at the moon, does it always look the same?
Let's vote!
YES
NO
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Phases of the Moon
You have probably noticed the shape of the moon
seems to change!
This is because the moon has phases.
During each phase, we can only see the part of the
moon that is the lighter color.
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Phases of the Moon
The phases of the
moon depend on the
position of the moon
in relation to the sun
and Earth.
As the Moon makes its way around Earth, we see the bright parts
of the Moon's surface at different angles, reflecting light from the
Sun.
8 Phases of the Moon
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"Waxing" means to grow larger.
"Waning" means to get smaller.
New Moon
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The first phase of the moon is called the new moon.
For a few days each month we cannot see the Moon.
The moon is there. We just cannot see it.
New Moon
During the new moon, the moon, earth and sun are all in a line.
The part of the moon that we can see is not reflecting sunlight,
so it looks dark.
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Waxing Crescent
The second phase of the moon is called the waxing crescent.
As the moon moves
along its path orbiting
the Earth you will only
see a little piece of the
lighted part of the moon.
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Waxing Crescent
The right side of the moon is in a
crescent shape.
When the lighted part of the
moon is getting larger it is
called waxing.
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13 The moon always looks the same.
True
False
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13 The moon always looks the same.
False
Answer
True
FALSE
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14 There are ________phases of the moon.
A three
B six
C eight
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14 There are ________phases of the moon.
A three
C eight
Answer
B six
C - eight
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15 The moon is always in the sky.
True
False
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15 The moon is always in the sky.
True
Answer
False
TRUE, but sometimes we can not
see it.
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16 Can you always see the moon?
Yes
No
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16 Can you always see the moon?
No
Answer
Yes
NO
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17 Can you see the new moon?
Yes
No
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17 Can you see the new moon?
No
Answer
Yes
NO
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18 Waxing means to get smaller.
True
False
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18 Waxing means to get smaller.
True
Answer
False
FALSE
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First Quarter Moon
The third phase of
the moon is the
first quarter
moon.
First Quarter Moon
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When you see the right
side of the moon lit, it is
called the first quarter
moon.
Hint: It is called "quarter"
because it is one fourth of the
Moon, like these oranges. If
you ate one, you would eat a
quarter of the orange.
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Waxing Gibbous
The fourth phase
of the moon is the
waxing gibbous.
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Waxing Gibbous
As the moon continues to
orbit the Earth the lit part
of the moon that we see is
getting larger.
During this phase, the
moon is still waxing.
Do you remember what waxing means?
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Waxing Gibbous Moon
When more than a half of
the right side of the moon
is lit, it is called a waxing
gibbous moon.
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19 The second phase of the moon is called________.
A New Moon
B Waxing Crescent
C Half Moon
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19 The second phase of the moon is called________.
A New Moon
C Half Moon
Answer
B Waxing Crescent
B - Waxing Crescent
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20 The third phase of the moon is called the first quarter moon.
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True
False
20 The third phase of the moon is called the first quarter moon.
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True
Answer
False
TRUE
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21 The 4th phase of the moon is called the waxing
gibbous.
True
False
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True
False
Answer
21 The 4th phase of the moon is called the waxing
gibbous.
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TRUE
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22 A waxing gibbous moon has more than half of the
______ side showing.
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A right
B left
22 A waxing gibbous moon has more than half of the
______ side showing.
B left
Answer
A right
A
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23 Waxing means to get smaller.
True
False
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23 Waxing means to get smaller.
False
Answer
True
FALSE
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24 The sunlit part of the moon is getting _____ when we see
the waxing gibbous phase.
A larger
B smaller
C stays the same
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24 The sunlit part of the moon is getting _____ when we see
the waxing gibbous phase.
B smaller
Answer
A larger
C stays the same
A - larger
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Phases of the Moon
(5-8)
Return to Table
of Contents
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The Full Moon
The fifth phase of the Moon is the Full Moon.
The sun and the
moon are on
opposite sides of the
earth.
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The Full Moon
When you look in the sky you
will see that the whole side of
the Moon that is facing Earth, is
in sunlight.
The Full Moon is seen two weeks (14 Days) after the New
Moon.
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The Full Moon
The Full Moon rises about the same time as the Sun sets.
The Full Moon sets about the same time as the Sun rises.
Click here for a video of the Moon rising and setting in
San Francisco.
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Waning Gibbous
The sixth phase of the Moon is the waning gibbous.
A few days after
the full moon,
the moon starts
to appear
smaller.
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Waning Gibbous
Waning means to get
smaller. We see less of
the sunlit side of the
Moon.
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Waning Gibbous Moon
When more than half of the
left side of the moon is lit, it
is called a waning gibbous
moon.
How is this different from a waxing gibbous moon?
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25 The 5th phase of the Moon is a ________________.
A Quarter Moon
B New moon
C Full Moon
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25 The 5th phase of the Moon is a ________________.
B New moon
C Full Moon
Answer
A Quarter Moon
C - Full Moon
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26 During a full moon, the moon and the __________ are on
opposite sides of the Earth.
A sun
B Earth
C moon
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26 During a full moon, the moon and the __________ are on
opposite sides of the Earth.
B Earth
C moon
Answer
A sun
A - Sun
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27 The Full Moon sets at the same time as the Sun rises.
Yes
No
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27 The Full Moon sets at the same time as the Sun rises.
Yes
Answer
No
YES
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28 The 6th phase of the Moon is called_________.
A Waxing Gibbous
B Waning Gibbous
C Full Moon
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28 The 6th phase of the Moon is called_________.
A Waxing Gibbous
C Full Moon
Answer
B Waning Gibbous
B - Waning Gibbous
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29 Waning means to get
A smaller.
B larger.
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29 Waning means to get
B larger.
Answer
A smaller.
A
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30 When we see a Waning Gibbous Moon we see
less of the Moon than in a Full Moon.
True
False
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30 When we see a Waning Gibbous Moon we see
less of the Moon than in a Full Moon.
False
Answer
True
TRUE
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Three Quarter Moon
The seventh phase of the Moon is the three quarter half moon.
Sometimes the third
quarter Moon is
called last quarter
moon.
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The Seventh Phase of the Moon
During the three quarter
moon, the left half of the
moon is sunlit.
How is this different from the first quarter moon?
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Waning Crescent Moon
The eighth phase of the Moon is the waning crescent moon.
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Waning Crescent Moon
The Waning Crescent has the
crescent shape on the left
side of the moon.
How is this different from the waxing crescent moon?
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Phases of the Moon
Following the waning
crescent, the phases of
the moon start over again
with the new moon.
Click here for an animation that
shows the phases of the moon
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Lunar Month
The time it takes to go from the
new moon through all 8 phases
is about 29 days.
This is called the lunar month.
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31 The 7th phase of the Moon is called________.
A 3rd Quarter Moon
B Last Quarter Moon
C both A and B
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31 The 7th phase of the Moon is called________.
A 3rd Quarter Moon
Answer
B Last Quarter Moon
C both A and B
C
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32 When you see the 3rd quarter moon, the left side is lit.
True
False
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32 When you see the 3rd quarter moon, the left side is lit.
False
Answer
True
TRUE
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33 The 8th phase of the moon is the
A New Moon
B Waning Crescent
C Waxing Crescent
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33 The 8th phase of the moon is the
A New Moon
B Waning Crescent
Answer
C Waxing Crescent
B - Waning Crescent
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34 The waning crescent moon is
A the 1st phase
B the last phase
C the 5th phase
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34 The waning crescent moon is
A the 1st phase
B the last phase
Answer
C the 5th phase
B - the last phase
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35 What phase happens after the waning crescent moon?
A New Moon
B Waxing crescent
C Full moon
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35 What phase happens after the waning crescent moon?
A New Moon
C Full moon
Answer
B Waxing crescent
A - New Moon
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The Moon's Effect on Earth
Return to Table
of Contents
The Moon's Effect on Earth
The Earth and the Moon and the Earth and the sun are attracted to
each other, just like magnets are attracted to metals.
This attraction is called gravity.
Moon
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The Moon's Effect on Earth
The Moon's gravity is not
strong enough to pull
anything off the Earth.
Moon's gravity is able to
pull Earth's
causing
e water,
only thing
is does
the tides.
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Tidal Current
Tides are the rise and fall of water caused by the gravitational pull of the
Sun and Moon.
When water moves in and out of bays and harbors, the movement is
called a tidal current.
Click here to watch an example of a tide coming in
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Tides and Currents
When the tide is rising, water flows from the ocean into the bay creating
a flood current.
When the tide is falling, water flows from the bay back into the ocean
creating an ebb current.
Click here and watch this boat go up(rise) and down
(fall) with the tides.
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Tides and Currents
When the gravity of the Moon pulls on the oceans,
the tides get higher on opposite sides of Earth.
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Tides and Currents
As the Moon and Earth move the tides change.
There are two high tides and two low tides each day.
This is another explanation of the change in our
ocean tides.
36 What causes the tides?
A Moon's gravitational pull.
B Sun's gravitational pull.
C All of the above.
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36 What causes the tides?
A Moon's gravitational pull.
Answer
B Sun's gravitational pull.
C All of the above.
C
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37 Tides are
A the fall of water levels
B the rise of water levels
C the rise and fall of the water levels
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37 Tides are
A the fall of water levels
Answer
B the rise of water levels
C -the
thewater
rise and
fall of the
C the rise and fall of
levels
water levels
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38 Are Earth and the Moon pulled towards each other?
Yes
No
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38 Are Earth and the Moon pulled towards each other?
Yes
Answer
No
YES
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39 This picture shows a view from above a shore.
Which part represents a high tide, part A or part B?
A
B
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39 This picture shows a view from above a shore.
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Answer
Which part represents a high tide, part A or part B?
A
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A
B
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Spring Tides
When the sun and the moon are in a straight line, the gravitational
forces are pulling in the same directions.
This causes the highest tides, called spring tides.
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Neap Tides
When the sun and the moon are at a 90 degree angle, the
gravitational forces are pulling in opposite directions.
This causes the lowest tides, called neap tides.
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Spring and Neap Tides
Spring tides happen during
the full moon and the new
moon.
Neap tides happen during
the first quarter moon and
the third quarter moon.
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40 Spring tides make tides very
A high.
B low.
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40 Spring tides make tides very
B low.
Answer
A high.
A
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41 Spring tides happen when the moon and the sun
are in a straight line.
A True
B False
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41 Spring tides happen when the moon and the sun
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A True
B False
Answer
are in a straight line.
A
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42 Neap tides make tides very
A high.
B low.
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42 Neap tides make tides very
A high.
Answer
B low.
B
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43 Neap tides happen when the moon is in what phase?
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A First quarter
B Third quarter
C All of the above
43 Neap tides happen when the moon is in what phase?
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A First quarter
Answer
B Third quarter
C All of the above
C
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Review
Return to Table
of Contents
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44 Select all correct statements about the moon.
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A It is a natural satellite.
B It makes its own light.
C We can only see the moon's near side.
D It is very cold in the shadows of the moon.
E The moon's surface is smooth.
44 Select all correct statements about the moon.
A It is a natural satellite.
B It makes its own light.
Answer
C We can only see the moon's near side.
D It is very cold in the shadows of the moon.
A, C, D
E The moon's surface is smooth.
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45 What does the moon orbit?
A Sun
B Earth
C Satellite
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45 What does the moon orbit?
A Sun
C Satellite
Answer
B Earth
B
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46 What phase of the moon are we unable to see?
A New Moon
B Waning Gibbous
C Full Moon
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46 What phase of the moon are we unable to see?
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A New Moon
C Full Moon
Answer
B Waning Gibbous
A
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47 A waning moon is getting larger.
True
False
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47 A waning moon is getting larger.
True
Answer
False
False
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48 When you look into the sky and see the near side of the moon in
complete sunlight, what phase is this?
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A Waxing Gibbous
B New Moon
C Full Moon
48 When you look into the sky and see the near side of the moon in
complete sunlight, what phase is this?
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B New Moon
C Full Moon
Answer
A Waxing Gibbous
C
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49 When the left half of the moon is visible, what phase is this?
A Waning Gibbous
B Third Quarter
C First Quarter
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49 When the left half of the moon is visible, what phase is this?
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A Waning Gibbous
C First Quarter
Answer
B Third Quarter
B
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50 The last phase of the moon, right before the new moon, is the
waning crescent.
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True
False
50 The last phase of the moon, right before the new moon, is the
waning crescent.
False
Answer
True
True
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51 Which picture shows a waxing gibbous moon?
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A
B
51 Which picture shows a waxing gibbous moon?
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Answer
A
B
A
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52 The moon and the Earth are attracted by
A satellites.
B tides.
C gravity.
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52 The moon and the Earth are attracted by
B tides.
C gravity.
Answer
A satellites.
C
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53 The tides are caused when the sun and the moon pull on
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A Earth's oceans.
B each other.
53 The tides are caused when the sun and the moon pull on
B each other.
Answer
A Earth's oceans.
A
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54 Spring tides are caused when the sun and moon are pulling Earth
in different directions.
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True
False
54 Spring tides are caused when the sun and moon are pulling Earth
in different directions.
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False
Answer
True
False
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55 Spring tides are very high.
True
False
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55 Spring tides are very high.
False
Answer
True
True
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56 What two moon phases occur during neap tides?
C
A
D
B
B
Answer
56 What two moon phases occur during neap tides?
A
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C
A, D
D
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