6th Grade Science Semester 1 Exam Review
ANSWER KEY Lab Safety
Goggles are required during experiments using what three things? HEAT, CHEMICALS, GLASSWARE
What should be done when an accident occurs during an experiment? TELL THE TEACHER IMMEDIATELY
What items should be brought to the lab table during an investigation? ONLY A PENCIL, LABSHEET, AND
ISN
Lab Tools/Measurement
Define
MATTER- ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKES UP SPACE (VOLUME)
MASS- THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT
VOLUME- THE AMOUNT OF SPACE AN OBJECT TAKES UP
DENSITY- THE MEASURE OF THE AMOUNT OF MASS CONTAINED IN AN A GIVEN VOLUME
What is another name for the metric system? SI SYSTEM (SYSTEM INTERNATIONAL)
Name what the following tools measure:
REMEMBER THE PNEUMONIC DEVICE FOR THE METRIC SYSTEM: KHDUDCM (U IS THE UNIT)
METRIC RULER- USED TO MEASURE LENGTH. THE UNIT IS A METER (IN LAB WE COMMONLY
USE METERS, CENTIMETERS, OR MILLIMETERS). IT’S ALSO USED TO MEASURE THE SIDES
OF RECTANGULAR PRISMS (REMEMBER A CUBE IS A RECTANGULAR PRISM) TO CALCULATE
THEIR VOLUME (LENGTH X WIDTH X HEIGHT).
TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE- USED TO MEASURE THE MASS OF AN OBJECT. THE UNIT IS A
GRAM.
GRADUATED CYLINDER- USED TO MEASURE THE VOLUME OF A LIQUID. THE UNIT IS A LITER
(WE COMMONLY USE MILLILITERS IN LAB). IT’S ALSO USED TO FIND THE VOLUME OF AN
IRREGULAR SOLID, LIKE A PEBBLE (WATER DISPLACEMENT: ENDING VOLUME MINUS
BEGINNING VOLUME)
SPRING SCALE- USED TO MEASURE THE WEIGHT (OR FORCE) OF AN OBJECT. THE UNIT
CAN BE NEWTONS (FORCE) OR GRAMS (MASS).
THERMOMETER- USED TO MEASURE THE TEMPERATURE OF A SUBSTANCE. OC
What is the mass displayed on the triple beam balance below?
187.1 GRAMS What is the volume displayed on the graduated cylinder below?
18 MILLILITERS mL What is the volume of the rectangular prism below? Remember the formula for volume: V = L x W x H
12 cm 144 cm 3 4 cm 3cm What is the density of water?
1 g/ml (Remember the formula for density: D = M/V)
What happens to objects with a density greater than 1? THEY SINK IN WATER
What happens to objects with a density less than 1?
THEY FLOAT IN WATER
What happens when an object has a greater mass than volume?
THEY SINK IN WATER
What happens when an object has a greater volume than mass?
THEY FLOAT IN WATER
Experimental Design
List the 6 steps of the scientific method in order:
1.
PROBLEM/QUESTION
4.
EXPERIMENT
2.
RESEARCH
5.
ANALYZE DATA
3.
HYPOTHESIS
6.
CONCLUSION
Define
MANIPULATED VARIABLE (INDEPENDENT)- THE VARIABLE THAT IS CHANGED ON PURPOSE
DURING THE EXPERIMENT (THE VARIABLE YOU ARE TESTING). THERE IS ONLY ONE
MANIPULATED VARIABLE IN EACH EXPERIMENT.
HINT: MANIPULATED MEANS… CHANGED BY MAN.
RESPONDING VARIABLE (DEPENDENT)- THE VARIABLE THAT RESPONDS OR CHANGES
BECAUSE OF THE MANIPULATED VARIABLE.
HINT: IT IS WHAT YOU MEASURE DURING THE EXPERIMENT.
CONTROLLED VARIABLE- THE VARIABLES THAT NEED TO BE THE SAME FOR EACH TEST
GROUP DURING AN EXPERIMENT TO KEEP THE EXPERIMENT “FAIR” OR VALID.
Which type of variable can you have more than one of? CONTROLLED VARIABLES
What does DRY MIX stand for? DEPENDENT/RESPONDING VARIABLE IS GRAPHED ON THE Y AXIS
MANIPULATED/INDEPENDENT VARIABLE IS GRAPHED ON THE X AXIS
Read the following passage and identify the variables.
Claire wanted to know if feeding peanuts to hamsters made them gain weight compared to their
normal hamster food. She weighed both of her hamsters before the experiment and found that they both
weighed 30 grams. Claire fed her black hamster 1 tablespoon of chopped peanuts each day, while feeding
her white hamster I tablespoon of regular hamster food each day. Claire performed the experiment for one
month and weighed the hamsters every seven days.
MANIPULATED VARIABLE (INDEPENDENT)- TYPE OF FOOD
RESPONDING VARIABLE (DEPENDENT)- WEIGHT OF HAMSTERS
CONTROLLED VARIABLE- SAME AMOUNT OF FOOD, FED BOTH EACH DAY, BOTH WEIGHED
EVERY SEVEN DAYS
Which type of graph would be best to show the weight change that occurred during the month?
LINE
REMEMBER: LINE GRAPHS SHOW CHANGE OVER TIME, PIE GRAPHS SHOW PERCENTAGES, BAR
GRAPHS ARE USED FOR COMPARISIONS
Boys and Girls Favorite Pizza Toppings
GENDER
TYPE OF
PIZZA
PEPPERONI
EXTRA
CHEESE
HAM
BLACK
OLIVES
MUSHROOMS
Boys
Thin crust
45
30
15
5
5
Girls
Thin crust
30
30
20
10
10
Identify the variables from the data above.
MANIPULATED VARIABLE (INDEPENDENT)- FAVORITE TOPPING
RESPONDING VARIABLE (DEPENDENT)- STUDENT RESPONSES (BOYS AND GIRLS)
CONTROLLED VARIABLE- TYPE OF PIZZA CRUST (THIN)
Use the data in the table to make a graph. Remember to include a title, X-axis label, Y-axis label, and legend
if appropriate.
Boys and Girls Favorite Topping Elements/Compounds
Define
ELEMENT- MADE OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO A
SIMPLER SUBSTANCE.
COMPOUND- MADE OF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT ATOMS CHEMICALLY COMBINED IN
IN A SET RATIO.
Aluminum (Al) is an element and carbon dioxide (CO2) is a compound. Explain how you know the difference
between an element and compound. Use aluminum and carbon dioxide as examples in your explanation.
ALUMINUM IS FOUND ON THE PERIODIC TABLE. IT’S SYMBOL SHOWS THAT IT IS ONE ELEMENT.
ELEMENT SYMBOLS ALL BEGIN WITH A CAPITAL LETTER. IF THE SYMBOL HAS MORE THAN ONE
LETTER, THE OTHER LETTERS WILL BE LOWER CASE.
CARBON DIOXIDE IS MADE OF TWO ELEMENTS FOUND ON THE PERIODIC TABLE, CARBON AND
OXYGEN.
Explain why you can’t find salt (NaCl) in a box on the periodic table.
SALT IS A COMPOUND MADE OF TWO DIFFERENT ELEMENTS, SODIUM (Na) AND CHLORINE (Cl).
THE ELEMENTS ARE FOUND SEPARATELY ON THE PERIODIC TABLE.
What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
How many different elements are found in water?
2
What are their names? HYDROGEN, OXYGEN
REMEMBER: THE FORMULA FOR WATER SHOWS THAT IT CONTAINS 2 HYDROGEN ATOMS AND 1
OXYGEN ATOM
Periodic Table
Name the elements whose symbols are listed below:
H -HYDROGEN
He- HELIUM
Fe- IRON
O-OXYGEN
C-CARBON
N-NITROGEN
Where are metals located on the periodic table?
Cu-COPPER
LEFT OF THE ZIGZAG LINE
Where are non-metals located on the periodic table? RIGHT OF THE ZIGZAG LINE
Where are metalloids located on the periodic table?
TOUCHING THE ZIGZAG LINE
Physical Properties
Define
CONDUCTIVITY- THE ABILITY TO ALLOW THE FLOW OF HEAT OR ELECTRICITY
MALLEABILITY- THE ABILITY TO HAMMER OR FLATTEN AN OBJECT INTO A SHAPE
DUCTILITY- THE ABILITY TO STRING AN OBJECT INTO A WIRE
LUSTER- THE WAY A MINERAL SHINES, CAN BE DULL OR SHINY, METTALIC OR
NON-METALIC
Describe the physical properties of metals.
SHINY LUSTER, MALLEABLE, DUCTILE, CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY AND HEAT WELL, MOSTLY SOLID
AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
Describe the physical properties of non-metals.
DULL LUSTER, CAN BE LIQUIDS AND GASES, SOLIDS ARE BRITTLE, DO NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY
OR HEAT WELL
Describe the physical properties of metalloids.
HAVE PROPERTIES OF BOTH METALS AND NON-METALS
Physical/Chemical Changes
Mark a “P” by examples of physical changes and a “C” by chemical changes:
Burning - C
Melting - P
Crushing - P
Breaking - P
Tarnishing - C
Reacting - C
Painting - P
Rusting - C
Freezing - P
What are four indicators to show that a chemical change has occurred?
•
•
•
•
COLOR CHANGE (CAN BE AN INDICATOR, BUT A COLOR CHANGE DOES NOT ALWAYS
INDICATE CHEMICAL CHANGE)
PRODUCTION OF HEAT/LIGHT
GAS OR BUBBLES GIVEN OFF
TWO LIQUID SOLUTIONS TURNING INTO A SOLID – PRECIPITATE (A CHANGE IN THE STATE
OF MATTER IS NOT A CHEMICAL CHANGE. FOR EXAMPLE: ICE MELTING INTO LIQUID IS NOT
A CHEMICAL CHANGE).
Is energy/heat lost or gained in the following changes of state of matter?
Solid to liquid- HEAT IS GAINED - MELITING
Liquid to gas-
HEAT IS GAINED - EVAPROATION
Gas to liquid-
HEAT IS LOST - CONDENSATION
Liquid to solid- HEAT IS LOST - FREEZING
Energy
Define
POTENTIAL ENERGY- STORED ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY-
MOVING ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY-
ENERGY CREATED BY THE SPLITTING OF AN ATOM
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY- ENERGY GENERATED FROM THE HEAT INSIDE THE EARTH
HYDROELECTIRC ENERGY- ENERGY GENERATED FROM THE FLOW OF WATER
RENEWABLE- RESOURCES THAT CAN REPLENISH THEMSELVES OVER A PERIOD OF TIME
NON-RENEWABLE- RESOURCES THAT CAN’T REPLENISH THEMSELVES OVER A PERIOD OF
TIME
INEXHAUSTIBLE- ENERGY RESOURCES THAT CAN NEVER BE USED UP
FOSSIL FUEL- NATURAL FUELS FORMED FROM PLANT AND ANIMAL REMAINS FROM LONG
AGO
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION- WHEN ONE FORM OF ENERGY CHANGES INTO ANOTHER
FORM
ENERGY CONSERVATION- SAVING ENERGY
What are the three fossil fuels? COAL, NATURAL GAS, PETROLEUM (OIL)
Complete the following chart:
Beginning Energy
Ending Energy
Example #1
Example #2
Electrical
Thermal
TOASTER
HAIR DRYER
Chemical
Mechanical
LAWN MOWER
REMOTE CONTROL CAR
Mechanical
Electrical
HAND-CRANK RADIO
TURBINES AT ELECTRICAL PLANTS
Chemical
Radiant
FLASH LIGHT
CAMPFIRE
Name three ways to save electricity at home.
TURN OFF LIGHTS WHEN LEAVING A ROOM.
USE FLUORESCENT LIGHT BULBS INSTEAD OF INCANDESENT BULBS. REMEMBER: INCANDESENTS
GIVE OFF HEAT LIKE A CANDLE.
ADJUST THE THERMOSTAT WHEN LEAVING THE HOUSE.
Complete the following chart:
TYPE OF ENERGY
RENEWABLE.
NON-RENEWABLE, or
INEXHAUSTIBLE
CAUSES AIR
POLLUTION
OTHER INFO
Geothermal
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Found only in certain areas
Wind
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Could be harmful to birds, can be
an eyesore
Hydroelectric
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Flooding and other environmental
concerns
Coal
NON-RENEWABLE
Yes
Causes black lung disease
Petroleum (oil)
NON-RENEWABLE
Yes
Used all over the U.S.
Natural Gas
NON-RENEWABLE
Yes
Causes less pollution than other
fossil fuels
Nuclear
NON-RENEWABLE
No
Makes hazardous waste
Solar
INEXHAUSTIBLE
No
Doesn’t work at night
Biomass
RENEWABLE
Yes
Uses trash or organic materials as
fuel
Define
Conduction - happens when heat moves from one object to another through direct contact
Radiation - happens when energy, such as heat, moves in waves between one object and another
Convection - happens when matter, such as gas and water, carries heat from one place to another in currents.
Warm gases and water are less dense and will rise where as colder gases and water are denser and will sink.
Illustrate an example of conduction, convection, and radiation.
This is illustrating warm air rising in currents, which is convection. This is illustrating heat moving up a metal stoker, which is conduction. This is illustrating heat moving in waves being felt by someone, which is radiation.