NAME ___________________________________________________ DATE _____________________ CLASS ______________
netw rks
Chapter 3 Test, Form A
Industrialization
DIRECTIONS: Matching Match each item with the correct statement below.
________ 1. wages, shipping charges, and supplies
A. fixed costs
________ 2. Iron Molders’ International Union, for example
B. Karl Marx
________ 3. represented all workers in a particular industry
C. industrial union
________ 4. began the railroad boom
D. air brakes
________ 5. loans, mortgages, and taxes
E. operating costs
________ 6. allowed cloth to be made more quickly
F. trade union
________ 7. enabled longer and heavier trains
G. automatic loom
________ 8. saw capitalism as a struggle between workers
and owners
H. Pacific Railway Act
I. Eugene V. Debs
________ 9. belief that the government should not interfere
in the economy
J. laissez-faire
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
_______ 10. head of the American Railway Union
DIRECTIONS: Multiple Choice Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
_______ 11. Even before the invention of the automobile, petroleum was in high demand because it could
A. be made into plastics.
B. be turned into kerosene.
C. lubricate moving parts in a machine.
D. power locomotives.
_______ 12. Laissez-faire relies on __________ to regulate prices and wages.
A. supply and demand
C. government
B. businesses
D. the GNP
_______ 13. During the early days of industrialization, many members of Congress believed that tariffs were
necessary to
A. entice European consumers to buy American goods.
B. increase the prices Europeans paid for American products.
C. protect new industries from foreign competition.
D. entice American consumers to buy European goods.
United States History and Geography: Modern Times
27
NAME ___________________________________________________ DATE _____________________ CLASS ______________
netw rks
Chapter 3 Test, Form A cont.
Industrialization
_______ 14. In the late 1800s, workers’ buying power generally increased because
A. factories often increased prices.
B. factories often increased wages.
C. prices fell faster than wages.
D. wages increased faster than prices.
_______ 15. People who risk their own money to organize and run businesses are known as
A. capitalists.
B. entrepreneurs.
C. robber barons.
D. investors.
_______ 16. In the Crédit Mobilier scandal, Union Pacific investors got rich by
A. accepting bribes from business owners to route railroad tracks through
their towns.
B. achieving a monopoly in hauling freight along their railroads’ tracks.
C. conspiring with other railroads to set high prices.
D. paying inflated bills from a construction company they controlled.
_______ 17. The total value of all goods and services that a country produces is its
B. economy of scale.
C. gross national product.
D. supply of natural resources.
_______ 18. Issuing stock allows a corporation to raise large amounts of money for big projects while
A. cutting prices to increase sales.
B. decreasing fixed costs.
C. lending money to investors.
D. spreading out the financial risk.
_______ 19. The American Federation of Labor pushed for closed shops, meaning that companies
A. could only hire union workers.
B. could not try to prevent strikes.
C. would agree to collective bargaining.
D. would not hire African Americans.
28
United States History and Geography: Modern Times
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
A. distribution chain.
NAME ___________________________________________________ DATE _____________________ CLASS ______________
netw rks
Chapter 3 Test, Form A cont.
Industrialization
_______ 20. What is one advantage that big corporations had over small businesses?
A. Their products were more expensive.
B. They could hire more workers.
C. They had higher operating costs.
D. They could produce goods more cheaply and efficiently.
DIRECTIONS: Short Answer Answer each of the following questions.
21. What is a corporation, who owns it, and how does it raise money?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
Cattle
Slaughterhouse
Meat Packing Plants
Ace Meat Industries
22. What type of economic strategy does the graph illustrate? Describe how Andrew Carnegie utilized this
strategy during the Industrial Revolution.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
United States History and Geography: Modern Times
29
NAME ___________________________________________________ DATE _____________________ CLASS ______________
Chapter 3 Test, Form A cont.
netw rks
Industrialization
“The capitalist class is organized economically and politically to keep the working class in subjection and perpetuate its power as a ruling class. They do not support a working class union nor a
working-class party. They are not so foolish. They wisely look out for themselves.”
—Eugene Debs, 1912
23. Explain the struggle described in the above quote. Apply the quote in the context of the conditions
facing workers during the Industrial Revolution.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
30
United States History and Geography: Modern Times
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
______________________________________________________________________________