Physical Properties:
Density:
Malleability:
Hardness:
Conductivity:
Boiling Point:
Melting Point:
Viscosity:
Solubility:
Personal Appearance:
Texture:
Smell:
Taste:
Density: Amount of stuff in a space
Malleability: How well something can be molded
Hardness: How hard an object is. Will it scratch
another object?
Conductivity: How well it transfers electricity or heat.
Boiling Point: Turns from liquid to gas.
Melting Point: Turns from solid to liquid
Viscosity: resistance to flow
Solubility: How well it dissolves
Physical appearance
Texture-Feel
Taste
Smell
Flammability: How easily an object will burn
Reactivity: Ability to react with another substance
Chemical Change-Occurs when a substance changes it identity.
Examples:
Burning an object
Silver tarnishing
Heating an object until it breaks down (cooking)
Oxidation of Metals (rust)
Indications:
Bubbles/Gas Forms
Precipitate Forms
Color Change
Temperature Change
Taste Changes
Physical Change-Does not change its identity.
Examples:
Shredding paper
Changing a sheet of copper into a wire
Melting ice or Boiling water (changing states of matter)
Painting or changing the color or physical appearance
Indications:
Change in color
Change in Shape
Change in Mass
Change in State of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
Dissolves
Density Notes
Density = Mass per unit of volume “or”
how much “stuff” is in a certain
amount of space.
D=M/V
*Expressed as g/ml (water
disp.) or g/cm3 (l x w x h)
If the density is less than 1g/ml, the
object will float in water.
Mass=grams Volume=cm3 or ml
Density Practice Problems
The density of a substance is a measure of how much
mass is packed into a certain volume of the substance. Substances
with a high density, like steel, have molecules that are packed
together tightly. Substances with a low density, like cork, have fewer molecules packed
into the same amount of space.
The density of a substance can be found by dividing its mass by its volume. As
long as a substance is homogeneous, the size or shape of the sample doesn’t matter. The
density will always be the same. This means that a steel paper clip has the same density
as a steel girder used to build a bridge.
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
D=
m
V
Use the density formula to solve the following problems. Show all work and the answer
must have the correct units. Remember that volume can have different forms. A block of
ice with a volume of 3 cm3 would be 3 mL of liquid after being melted.
1. What is the density of CO gas if 0.196 g occupies a volume of 100 ml?
Answer_________
2. A block of wood 3 cm on each side has a mass of 27 g. What is the density of the
block? (Hint, don’t forget to find the volume of the wood.)
Answer_________
3. An irregularly shaped stone was lowered into a graduated cylinder holding a volume of
water equal to 2 ml. The height of the water rose to 7 ml. If the mass of the stone was 25
g, what was its density?
Answer_________
4. A 10.0 cm sample of copper has a mass of 89.6 g. What is the density of copper?
3
Answer_________
5. Silver has a density of 10.5 grams/cm3 and gold has a density of
19.3 g/cm3. Which would have the greater mass, 5cm3 of silver or 5cm3 of gold?
Answer_________
6. Five mL of ethanol has a mass of 3.9 g, and 5.0 mL of benzene has a mass of 44 g.
Which liquid is denser?
Answer_________
7. A sample of iron has the same dimensions of 2 cm x 3 cm x 2 cm. If the mass of this
rectangular-shaped object is 94 g, what is the density of iron?
Answer_________
Physical/Chemical Properties Lab
Station:
1.
There’s nothing like burnt toast!-Look at the piece of bread and the
burnt toast. Compare the two of them. Do you think toasting is a
chemical or physical process? Explain in 3-4 sentences.
2.
Take one fresh straw per person. Take turns blowing bubbles in the pan.
While you were blowing bubbles, was the bubble solution undergoing a
physical or chemical change? Explain in 3-4 sentences.
Station: 2
1. An apple has been cut into two sections. Observe the exposed area.
Is this a chemical or physical change? Explain in 3 sentences.
Station: 3
1.
Put a drop of green food coloring in a beaker. Add half cup of water.
Mix with a glass stir rod. Add 30 drops of bleach to the water and green
food color. Observe what happens. The bleaching of the green color is an
example of what kind of change? Explain in 3-4 sentences.
Station: 4
1.
Using the graduated cylinders, add 10mL of each liquid to the clear
container. Remember to read the volume at the bottom of the meniscus.
Record what order you added the liquids.
2.
Observe the liquids in the container. Record what you see by drawing a
picture.
3.
Which of the liquids has the greatest density? Which has the least
density? How can you tell?
Station: 5
1.
Using a triple beam balance, determine the mass of the film canister that
sinks and floats. Record the two on your paper.
2.
Use water displacement and record the volume of each container.
3.
Use the formula density = mass/volume to determine the density. (NO
NAKED numbers!)
Station: 6
1.
You have three containers of an unknown liquid.
2.
Use the litmus paper to determine if each unknown is an acid or base.
3.
(Base=turns red litmus blue) (Acid=turns blue litmus red)
St a t ion: 7
1. Pour Liquid A into cup A.
2. Pour Liquid B into cup B.
3. On your paper, describe the viscosity (thickness) of each liquid.
St a t ion: 8
1.
Pour 3 teaspoons of vinegar into a beaker. Add ½ teaspoon of baking
soda. The vinegar will react chemically with the baking soda and produce
bubbles of carbon dioxide. Is this a chemical or physical change? Why?
Explain in 3-4 sentences
Acid/Base Practice
1.
Give two properties of an acid.
2. List two examples of an acid.
3. Give two properties of a base.
4. List two examples of a base.
Acid/Base Quiz
1.
Lemon juice is an example of an ________.
2. Has a pH from 0-6 _______.
3. The pH scale is from _____ to _____.
4. A _______ can be slippery or bitter to taste.
5. Most cleaning fluids are classified as a _________.
Title Page:
1.
Chemical Reactions
Your Name
What is evidence for a chemical reaction?
2. What is Conservation of Mass?
3. What three ways can we classify chemical reactions?
4. What is the activation energy in a chemical reaction?
5. How do scientists control the rates of chemical reactions?
**Answer with picture and written response!
Reactant
+ Reactant
Product + Product
(yields)
*Matter cannot be created or destroyed. You will
always have the same amount of matter on each side.
4P + 5O2
P4010
*Subscript-cannot be changed, goes only with the
element it is after
*Coefficient-Can be changed, means to multiply.
Notes:
*Ionic Bonds: When two elements
bond by giving electrons away.
*Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal.
Covalent Bonds: When two elements
bond by sharing electrons. Occurs
between two non metals
Valence electrons: Electron in the
outer shell
Oxidation Number: Tells how many
electrons it needs, or can give away.
+ = Give away
- = Can take
Ionic and Covalent Bond Quiz
Part A:
Write the number of Valence Electrons and the Oxidation number:
Oxidation #
1.
Valence Electrons
Na
2. P
3. CL
4. Ba
5. F
Part B:
Fill in the Blank
6. Ionic bonds occur between a _______ and a ________.
7. Covalent bonds occur between two ____________.
8. Ionic bonds ________ electrons ________.
9. Covalent bonds _______electrons.
Part C:
Classify the following compounds as a ionic or covalent bond.
10. MgCl2
11. Co2
12. Na2O
13. SCl2
Part D:
Draw the following ionic bonds and write the final formula
14.
Ca
+
15.
Al
+
Part E:
O
F
Draw the following covalent bonds and write the final formula
16. Cl
+
Cl
17. C
+
H
Bonding Practice:
Oxidation #’s
1. H
+ F
2. Li + O
3. C + Cl
4. Al + C
5. C + O
6. Na + Cl
7. Mn + Br
8. Fe + O
9. K + S
10. Zn + S
Formula
Chemistry Study Guide
_____1. Vocabulary: Create flashcards for the following vocabulary words:
reactivity
ionic bond
Physical property
Chemical property
Density
Base
Viscosity
Solubility
covalent bond
phase change
valence electrons
acid
oxidation number
Physical Change
Chemical Change
_______2. Complete the following density problems:
Write the formula and the units!
*You have a marble that has a mass of 24 grams. To get the volume you
drop it in a graduated cylinder containing 10 mL of water. The water moves
to 16mL. What is the density?
*A rock is dropped into a graduated cylinder. The initial volume was 22mL
and it rose to 36mL. The mass of the rock was 7grams. What is the
density?
_______3. Sink or float?
If you put the following items in water will they sink or float?
If you put these same items in slime with a density of 8 g/mL will they sink
or float?
Water:
Slime:
*Iron with a density of 7.86 g/ml ___________
_________
*Zinc with a density of 8.97 g/ml __________
_________
*Lithium with a density of 0.53 g/ml_________
_________
_______4. List and give examples the physical properties of matter that we
listed in your graphic organizer.
_______5. List and explain chemical properties of matter that we listed in your
graphic organizer. (should be 2)
_______6.
List three examples of chemical changes.
_______7. List three examples of physical changes.
______8. An ionic bond occurs between a __________ and a _____________.
______9. A covalent bond occurs between a __________ and a __________.
What type of bond occurs between:
Oxygen and Nitrogen _____________
Carbon and Lithium ______________
______10. Balance the following equations:
Al2 O3
→
Al
P4
+
O2
→
P4O6
C
+
H2
→
CH4
Na
+
O2
→
+
O2
Na2O
______11. Label the parts of the following equation:
Na
+
O2
______12. List properties of:
Bases:
Acids:
______13. List examples of:
Acids:
Bases:
→
Na2O
_____14. List definitions of:
sublimation:
evaporation:
condensation:
_____15. List examples of:
sublimation:
evaporation:
condensation:
______16. How many total atoms are in the following:
C6H7 _____
H2O _____
_____17. How many atoms of hydrogen are in the following:
2CH6 _____
H2O _____
______17. What are signs that a chemical change is occurring?
_____18. Describe how particles are arrange in a…
Solid:
Liquid:
Gas:
Heat
Conduction:
Transfer of heat by direct contact;
Examples: Metal, ice in your hand
Convection:
Transfer of thermal energy by the movement of
heated molecules in a gas or liquid.
Examples: Hot air balloon, Hail, boiling water
Radiation:
Transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic
waves.
Examples: Sun, Medical Procedures
Heat Energy:
*When objects are heated they expand; cooled
they contract. (water is an exception)
*Temperature-Measurement of the kinetic energy
of molecules.
Thermal Insulators:
Substances which hold in heat.
Examples: Thermos, wool blanket, sleeping bag
Your winter picture should include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Thermal insulator
Unit Title
Create a mini poster on
the following topic:
Conduction
Tic-Tac-Toe Activities
Write a poem or short story Create a game with
on the following topic:
vocabulary and
examples from the
Conduction
following topic:
Conduction
The poster must be neat
and informative. You
can cut out magazine
pictures or draw.
The poem/story must
include the meaning and
examples of each topic.
Create a Crossword
Puzzle on the following
topic:
Complete a Thinking Map
for the following topic:
Write an essay on the
following topic:
Convection
Convection
Convection
You must include 8
words. Please complete
on graph paper (ask me
and I will get you the
paper)
Ask me for a thinking map
form. You may write on
the form.
Create a fortune cube on
the following topic:
Choose one of the
following topics or
subtopics and draw and
illustration to explain the
topic.
Chemical Reactions
Density
Radiation
Ask me for the form.
Your game must include
8 examples and
vocabulary.
The essay must have
two paragraphs. The
paragraphs should be
five sentences long.
Create a 8 question quiz
on the following topic:
Radiation
Complete the quiz on
notebook paper or type.
You should have one of
The drawing needs to be in each of the following
color. You will need to use types of questions:
copy paper. Please ask me multiple choice, true or
for some.
false and short answer