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Figurative
Language
Terms!
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
• Writing or speech not meant to
be taken literally
• Used to state ideas in creative,
imaginative ways
ALLITERATION
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EXAMPLES!
The cat curls up on the comfortable
couch.
Luckily, I love to eat Lucky Charms.
Devin devours the delicious donuts.
Mrs. Pile eats many miniature
marshmallows on Mondays.
Betsy baked a box of brownies
for Ben’s birthday.
POETRY
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One of three major types of literature
No single, defining characteristic
Musical and emotional language
3 major types: lyric, narrative, concrete
Divided into lines and stanzas
ALLITERATION
• Repetition of consonant
sounds at the beginning of words
Adv. English: CLICHÉ
• Stereotyped expression
• Expresses popular or common thought
or idea, that lacks novelty, cleverness,
and impact because of overuse
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CLICHÉ
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EXAMPLES!
Go with the flow
As old as the hills
If only walls could talk
Plenty of fish in the sea
Like a kid in a candy store
Absence makes the heart grow fonder
Want more? http://www.clichelist.net/
Flashback
EXAMPLES!
• “The Lady or the Tiger” – story goes
back to when she makes her decision
• Others?
Foreshadowing
EXAMPLES!
• What did you say?
Adv. English: Flashback
• Interruption in sequence of events that
relates to something that occurred
earlier
Adv. English: Foreshadowing
• Suggestion of things that are going to
occur
• Used to build interest and create
suspense
Free Verse
• No regular rhythm
• Lines vary in length
• Less limiting
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LYRIC POEM
• Highly musical verse
HYPERBOLE
• An exaggeration
for emphasis
The situation is
at least a million
billion times
worse than I
imagined.
• Expresses observations and
feelings of a single
speaker
HYPERBOLE
EXAMPLES!
• I'm so hungry I could eat a cow.
• His head is so big he won't fit
through the door. (Meaning:
He's full of himself.)
• I ate 100 pieces of pizza
last night.
IMAGE/IMAGERY
EXAMPLES!
• The golden sun was shining brightly in
crystal clear, blue and cloudless sky.
• The rain glistened on the
sidewalk as drops of water fell down
like diamonds from the sky.
• Her pink sequin dress sparkled as
millions of cameras flashed to take her
picture.
IMAGE/IMAGERY
• Word or phrase that appeals
to one or more of the five
senses
• Used to describe the
five senses
METAPHOR
• Points out similarities between
two unlike objects
• Figure of speech where one thing is
described as though
it is something else
• Doesn't use like or as
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METAPHOR
EXTENDED METAPHOR
EXAMPLES!
• "Language is a road map of a culture.
It tells you where its people come
from and where they are going." - Rita
Mae Brown
• "Love is a battlefield." -Pat Benetar
• Time is a thief.
• My room is a black hole.
• “Life is a highway.”
EXTENDED METAPHOR
EXAMPLE!
Write this down!!!
ONOMATOPOEIA
Examples!
• Buzz
• Crack
• Fizz
• Pop
• Snap
• Swoosh
• Bam!
ONOMATOPOEIA
• Using words that imitate
sounds (words that sound like
the meaning of the word)
The fog comes
on little cat feet.
It sits looking
over harbor and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.
• Comparison of two unlike things
without using like or as
• Uses several comparisons instead
of just one
OXYMORON
• A contradictory
comparison
Write two or three
of these down!
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OXYMORON Examples!
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Awfully nice
Jumbo shrimp
Clean dirt
Pretty ugly
Clearly misunderstood
Exact estimate
Original copy
Seriously funny
Same difference
Act natural
Student teacher
Write down 2-3 of
these examples!
PERSONIFICATION
• Giving humanlike qualities to
a non-human subject
PERSONIFICATION
EXAMPLES!
• The pencil jumped off my desk.
• My computer hates me.
• The camera loves me.
• The rug tripped me.
• The drawer bit my finger.
REFRAIN
• Regularly repeated line or
group of lines in a poem or
song
REFRAIN
EXAMPLES!
From “I knew you were trouble” by Taylor Swift
'Cause I knew you were trouble when you walked in
So shame on me now
Flew me to places I'd never been
'Til you put me down, oh
I knew you were trouble when you walked in
So shame on me now
Don’t write
Flew me to places I'd never been
Now I'm lying on the cold hard ground this down!
Just look at
Oh, oh, trouble, trouble, trouble
it!
Oh, oh, trouble, trouble, trouble
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REFRAIN
EXAMPLE TO WRITE DOWN!
“The Highwayman”
– Alfred Noyes
REPETITION
EXAMPLES!
• "And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep."
From: Robert Frost, "Stopping by Woods on
a Snowy Evening”
REPETITION
• Repeating (more than once)
any element of language
• Repeated sound patterns:
rhyme, alliteration, rhythm
• Refrain = repeated line, lines or
group of lines
RHYME
• Repetition of sounds at the ends of
words
• "...Nevermore... Nevermore"
from "The Raven" by
Edgar Allen Poe.
RHYME
EXAMPLES!
I love to eat donuts all the time.
I don’t share because they’re all mine.
Dunkin’ Donuts munchkins taste the best.
Those donuts are better than all the rest!
Cat, bat, hat, mat
Mall, fall, ball, crawl
Top, mop, flop
RHYME SCHEME
• Regular pattern of rhyming words in a
poem
• Rhyme scheme is marked with
lowercase letters
sing, bring, fling, ka-ching!
key, flee, pea, knee
dove, love, above
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RHYME SCHEME
RHYME SCHEME
EXAMPLE!
EXAMPLE!
I love to eat donuts all the time. a
I don’t share because they’re all mine. a
Dunkin’ Donuts munchkins taste the best. b
Those donuts are better than all the rest! b
I dream about donuts every night. c
If I can’t have a donut, I’ll put up a fight! c
Donuts taste so incredibly great. d
I would love to have donuts on a date. d
If my date took my delicious treat, e
I’d chase him down the street! e
night c
fight c
great d
date d
treat e
street e
Mine a
a
Fine
Divine a
Love
b
Every
two
lines
Broom
Groom
Swoon
Dove
c
c
c
b
“Danger’s lurking in the lettuce,
Tween the celery, stalkers get us!
Open moonlight is a menace.
Trust in shadows – disappear.”
c
c
c
b
RHYTHM
WRITE THESE DOWN!
Every
other
line
a
a
a
b
Once Upon a Twice, Denise Doyen
RHYME SCHEME
time a
best b
mine a
rest b
Beware the dangershine of Moon,
Do not disturb the bugs of June!”
The elder mouncelors whisperoon
A tune that tells Jam what to fear:
Pink a
Blue b
Green c
Yellow d
• Pattern of beats (or
stresses/emphasis) in written
or spoken language
No
lines
rhyme
Varied
RHYTHM
EXAMPLE
Double, double toil and trouble
Fire burn, and caldron bubble
It was many and many a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of Annabel Lee;
And this maiden she lived with no other thought
Than to love and be loved by me.
DOU-ble, / DOU-ble / TOIL and / TROU-ble;
FI-re / BURN, and / CAL-dron / BUB-ble.
From Macbeth by William Shakespeare
From “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allen Poe
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RHYTHM
EXAMPLE TO WRITE DOWN!
SIMILE
• A comparison
between two
unlike ideas
using LIKE or
AS.
She was a child and I was a child
in this kingdom by the sea
But we loved with a love
That was more than love
I and my Annabel Lee.
From “Annabel Lee”
by Edgar Allen Poe
SIMILE
EXAMPLES!
• My love is like a red, red rose.
• "It's been a hard day's night
and I've been working like a dog."
-The Beatles
• His skin was as cold as ice.
• He is as fast as a cheetah.
• Mrs. Pile is as slow as a tortoise when she
runs.
• "I will be rising from the ground like a
skyscraper."
-Demi Lovato
STANZA EXAMPLES!
STANZA EXAMPLES!
"Good Riddance (Time Of Your Life)" - By: Green Day
Another turning point, a fork stuck in the road
Time grabs you by the wrist, directs you where to go
So make the best of this test, and don't ask why
It's not a question, but a lesson learned in time
It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right.
I hope you had the time of your life.
It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right.
I hope you had the time of your life.
It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right.
I hope you had the time of your life.
I remember when we broke up the first time
Saying this is it, I've had enough, 'cause like
We haven't seen each other in a month
When you, said you, needed space, what?
Then you come around again and say
Baby, I miss you and I swear I'm gonna change
Trust me, remember how that lasted for a day
I say, I hate you, we break up, you call me, I love you
Oooh we called it off again last night
But Oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you
We are never ever ever getting back together
We are never ever ever getting back together
You go talk to your friends talk
To my friends talk to me
But we are never ever ever ever getting back together.
Like ever...
So take the photographs, and still frames in your mind
Hang it on a shelf in good health and good time
Tattoos of memories and dead skin on trial
For what it's worth it was worth all the while
It's something unpredictable, but in the end it's right.
I hope you had the time of your life.
STANZA
• Formal division of lines in a
poem
• Functions like a paragraph
does in writing
• Each stanza states and
develops a single main idea
Don’t write
this down!
Just look at
it!
I'm really gonna miss you picking fights
And me, falling for a screaming that I'm right
And you, will hide away and find your piece of mind with
some indie record that's much cooler than mine
Oooh you called me up again tonight
But Oooh, this time I'm telling you, I'm telling you
We are never ever ever getting back together
We are never ever ever getting back together
You go talk to your friends talk
To my friends talk to me
But we are never ever ever ever getting back together
I used to think, that we, were forever ever ever
And I used to say never say never
Huh, he calls me up and he's like, I still love you
And I'm like, I'm just, I mean this is exhausting, you
know
We are never getting back together, like ever
We are never ever ever getting back together
We are never ever ever getting back together
You go talk to your friends talk
To my friends talk to me
But we are never ever ever ever getting back together
We, oooh, oooh, not back together, we
Oh, getting back together
You go talk to your friends talk
And my friends talk to me
But we are never ever ever ever getting back together
Taylor Swift – “We are never getting back together”
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SYMBOL
• Something that stands for
something else (represents
something else)
SYMBOL EXAMPLES!
• A clock could represent time
passing you by.
• A crossroads could represent
a big decision you need to
make.
• The Ghost of Christmas
Future represented death
(Scrooge’s future if he didn’t
change.)
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