SECONDARY SCHOOL
IMPROVEMENT
PROGRAMME (SSIP) 2016
REVISED
GEOGRAPHY
SESSION 14: MAPWORK
ANSWER BOOK
GRADE 12
© Gauteng Department of Education
1
SESSION 14: MAPWORK
TOPIC 14: SHORT QUESTIONS AND CALCULATIONS
SECTION B: ANSWERS TO EXAM TYPE QUESTIONS
Solution to Question 1
1.1. D
1.2. B
1.3. C
1.4. B
1.5. C
1.6. B
1.8. C
1.9. C
1.10. D
1.11. C
1.12 D
(12 x 1 = 12)
Solutions to question 2:
2.1. B
2.2. A
2.3. A
2.4. C
2.5. C
2.6. D
2.7. B
2.8. B
2.9. D
2.10. B
(10 x 10 = 10)
QUESTION 3:
3.1. B
3.2. D
3.3. C
3.4. B
3.5. C
3.6. B
3.7. A
3.8. A
3.9. C
3.10 A
(10 x 1 = 10)
© Gauteng Department of Education
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QUESTION 4
4.1.1. Yes 
4.1.2. No high-lying ground/obstructions between the two given points 
4.1.3. Vertical exaggeration = vertical scale
(1)
(1)
Horizontal scale
= 1:500
1:10 000
=
1 x
500
10000
1
= 20 times larger than horizontal scale

(4)
4.2.1. Vertical Interval/Rise/Distance = 553 m - 532 m 21 m 
Horizontal Equivalent/Distance/Run = 2,5 cm x 500 (range: 2,4 cm – 2,6 cm)
= 1 250 m (Answer must be in meters)
[Accept any other method to calculate distance. Actual marks for
measurement and answer.]
Gradient
= Vertical Interval
Horizontal Equivalent
= 21m÷21
1 250÷21
(Range: 57 – 62)
= 1/ 1:59,52 
[ONLY answer give FULL marks. If answer is incorrect mark steps.]
(5)
4.2.2. Gentle
(1)
4.2.3. You need to move 59.52 m horizontally to rise with 1m. 
(2)
4.2.4. Contours are far apart
(1)
4.2.5. Length
= 2 x 0,5 (range: 1,9 cm – 2,1 cm) 
= 1 km
Breadth
= 0.6 x 0,5 (range: 0.5 cm – 0.7cm) 
= 0,12 km 
Area
= 1 km x 0,12 km 
= 0,12 km²
(Range: 0,11 km2 - 0,13 km²)

© Gauteng Department of Education
(4)
3
4.4.
Date of map: 2002 
Magnetic declination in 2002: 12°57'W 
Mean annual change: 7'W 
Difference in years: 2014 – 2002 = 12 years 
Total annual change: 84'W = 1º 24’ W 
Magnetic declination in 2014: 12°57'W + 1º 24’ W = 14º21’w
True bearing: 79° - 81° 
Present magnetic bearing: 93°21’– 95°21’
(8)

(1)
4.5.1. Orthophoto
map
4.5.2. Orthophoto map shows more detail 
Smaller area shown on a large piece of paper 
Greater clarity on orthophoto map 
4.6.
1:10 000 is a larger scale than 1:50 000 
(3)
22°29'26''S  
(4)
30°01'42''E 
OR
22°29,4'S  
30°01,7'E 
SECTION C: ANSWERS TO HOMEWORK QUESTIONS - SHORT QUESTIONS
AND CALCULATIONS
QUESTION 1:
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.
1.10.
1.11.
1.12.
1.13.
1.14.
1.15.
D
B
A
A
C
C
B
D
A
C
B
A
A
C
A
1.16.
C
(16 x 1 = 16)
© Gauteng Department of Education
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Question 2:
2.1.
Length = 4cm x 0.5
= 2km
Breadth = 3.5cm x 0.5
= 1.75km
Area = L x B
= 2km x 1.75km
= 3.5km²
2.2.
(4)
Height difference: 1046m – 978m = 68m
Distance = 3.3cm x 500 = 1650m
Gradient = Height 
Distance
= 68m ÷ 68
1650m ÷ 68
= 1/ 24.2
(5)
2.3.1. The shape must be the same but the size may differ due to
(8)
Power lines
River
Indicate vertical and horizontal scales (2) 
Shape (6) 
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2.3.2. VE
=
=
=
=
VS
HS

1
2 000

1
50 000
1 x 50 000
2 000
1
the vertical scale is 25 times larger than the horizontal scale
(4)
3.3.3. Mark on cross section – position or road and power line (2) 
(2)
3.3.4. It is a pass through a ridge
(1)
3.3.5. It is the lowest pass through a mountain and the road can stay more level
than when it goes over the ridge. 
(2)
© Gauteng Department of Education
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SESSION NO: 15
TOPIC: MAPWORK INTERPRETATION AND GIS
SECTION B: ANSWERS TO TYPICAL EXAM QUESTIONS ON MAP
INTERPRETATION AND GIS
Question 1: Map interpretation
1.1.
Steep slope 
(1 x 2 = 2)
(the top is convex and the bottom is concave, but between K and L is steep)
1.2.
Katabatic winds 
1.3.
Air cools down during the night 
(1 x 2 = 2)
Cold air is heavy and dense and sinks down the slope 
1.4.
(9 x 1 = 9)
Dithabeng
Block C5
Identify the
street pattern
Unplanned irregular
Give one
advantage of
this street
pattern
Needs no planning
Give one
disadvantage
of this street
pattern
(2 x 2 = 4)


Difficult to navigate

Rustenburg North
Block H9,10 & G9,
10
Gridiron 
Magokwane
C4
Planned irregular

Easy to lay out, find Smaller roads have
your way and
less traffic
Consider
subdivide 
topography
Good traffic flow in
Stop start waste
petrol
Many crossing can
access roads 
Difficult to navigate

lead to accidents 
1.5
(15 x 1 = 15)
Kutlwanong
Block B8

Settlement type
Rural Hamlet
Settlement
pattern
Functions
Nucleated /
clustered 
Uni-funtional –
primary activity –
mining 
Rustig
Block A1
Isolated farmsteads –
rural 
Lenotong
Block C6
Isolated / dispersed
Nucleated /
clustered 
Multi-functional -

Uni-functional –
primary activity –
farming 
© Gauteng Department of Education
Urban – Town


Primary, secondary
and tertiary
functions
7
Socializing with
Advantage of
living in this type others
Share services and
of settlement
work
Safety in numbers

Disadvantage of
living in this
settlement
Have to share all
Cannot implement
change quickly –
need to consult all
inhabitants to make
changes 
Can make own
decisions and
implement it quickly
Do not need to share
Socializing with
others
Share services and
work
Safety in numbers


Isolated – no social
contact
Large capital burden
Not safe
Cannot share work or
services. 
Traffic congestion
Limited space –
need to share
Cannot produce
own food.

1.6.
Block A2,3,4 and Block
B2,3
Economic Activity
Primary activity
Category
Economic activity
Farming 
example
Motivate previous answer Large tracks of
cultivated land
Reason for location

Block B 9,10 and Block E10

Primary activity
Mining

Shafts, slimes dams, Mine


Fertile flat land,
favourable climate
Minerals available in rock

strata – platinum

Question 2: GIS
2.1.
Geography Information Systems
An organized collection of computer hardware, software,
geographic data,
processes and personnel  designed to capture, store, update, manipulate,
analyse and display geographically referenced data 
(2 x 2 = 4)
2.2.1. True 
2.2.2. True 
2.2.3. True 
2.2.4. False  (Hardware is the equipment in a GIS)
2.2.5. True 
2.2.6. True 
2.3.
(6 x 1 = 6)
Map represent vector data well as it consist of points, lines and polygons 
The orthophoto consist of pixels that make up an image of geo features
which is raster data 
(2 x 2 = 4)
© Gauteng Department of Education
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2.4.
Points: Reservoirs, Buildings, Spot height
Any 2 
(6 x 1 = 6)
Lines: Rivers, Roads, Contour lines, Dam wall, bridge Any 2 
Polygons: Cultivated land, Dam
Any 2 
SECTION C: ANSWERS TO HOMEWORK QUESTIONS ON MAP
INTERPRETATION AND GIS
QUESTION 1:
1.1. Climate interpretation
1.1.1. Complete the following table comparing the day and night winds that could
occur between Margate Beach (block E8) and the suburb Faerie Glen (block
E7).
(6 x 1 = 6)
Day
Night
Identify the wind
Sea breeze 
Land breeze 
How does the wind
Cool temperatures during the
Drain cool air during the night
influence the coastal day – moderate 
– Moderate temperatures 
temperatures?
Draw a simple sketch
to show how the


wind blows.
Land
Sea
Land
Sea
1.1.2. Draw a simple freehand cross section from R to S.

(3 x 1 = 3)


1.1.3. Identify the landform you have drawn in 3.1.2.
(1 x 2 = 2)
Valley 
1.1.4. Identify the winds that will develop during the night in this landform. (1 x 2 = 2)
Katabatic winds 
1.2. Geomorphology interpretation
The block in bold on the map demarcate the area covered by the orthophoto.
© Gauteng Department of Education
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1.2.1. Orientate the map and photo to help you identify the features, by matching the
columns
(8 x 1 = 1)
Column A
Column B
3
Cut bank
4
Slip-off slope
7
Farmstead
8
Recreational facility / Park
9
Caravan Park
10
Excavation
11
Rocky coastline
13
Golf course
15
Sandy beach
1.2.2. Identify the stage of the river between D (block H4) and F (block H5) on the
topographic map.
(1 x 2 = 2)
Accept one of the following 2 (Remember that all the rivers in this area
have been rejuvenated due to isostatic uplift)
Old Age 
Mature 
1.2.3. Give evidence from the map to substantiate your answer in 3.2.2. (2 x 2 = 4)
Mark according to answer in 3.2.2.
Accept one of the following 2 – motivate answer
Old Age
Mature
Meandering 
Meandering 
Large Volume / Wide 
Large volume 
Near ocean / Mouth of River 
Large well-formed valleys 
Numerous tributaries 
1.3. Settlement interpretation
1.3.1. Compare the settlements at Haxlon (block G4) and at Nkampini (block H2) by
completing the following table.
(10 x 1 =10)
Haxlon (block G4)
Nkampini (block H2)
Type of settlement
Settlement pattern
Advantages of living in
this type of settlement
Farmstead 
Isolated 
Can take own decisions
Do not share profits 
In control as lives on his
Village 
Nucleated 
Share ideas and work
Socialise with others 
Safer 
© Gauteng Department of Education
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Disadvantage of living
in this type of
settlement
Commercial /
Subsistence farming?
farm 
Carry all risk / costs
Isolated from others 
Might not be safe 
Commercial 
Difficult to implement change
Share profits 
Communal ownership so no
independence 
Subsistence 
1.3.2. Identify the street pattern in KwaGamalakhe in blocks B5 and 6 on the
topographic map.
(1 x 1 = 1)
Planned irregular 
1.3.3. Give on advantage and one disadvantage of this type of street pattern.
(One of each)
(2 x 1 = 2)
Advantages

Disadvantages

Interesting/not boring
Difficult to navigate / get lost
Consider relief
Odd shape blocks and plots
Good traffic flow in access roads
Long distances to get out
Saves fuel
can be difficult to extend
Slows traffic therefore less accidents
1.4. Economic interpretation
1.4.1. Identify the main economic activity in block I3.
(1 x 2 = 2)
Primary economic activity – Farming  
1.4.2. What evidence is there on the map to support your answer in 3.8.1. (2 x 2 = 4)
Cultivation of land – Crop farming / Dams to support farming 
Some orchards as well 
1.4.3. Explain why the area in block E6 was suitable to build a landing strip.
This area is more level than the surrounding areas 
It is near to Margate where people will make use of the service 
It is in an area sheltered from coastal winds. 
(2 x 2 = 4)
QUESTION 2: GIS
2.1
[20]
Identify 2 components and 2 functional elements of GIS.
(4 x 1 = 4)
Components:
Hardware, Software, People, Data, Methods 
Functional Elements:
Store, Update, Capture, Manipulate, Organise, Analyse, Display 
2.2.
Classify the following pieces of information as mostly spatial or mostly
attribute data.
(2 x 2 = 4)
2.2.1 The classification of different types of roads on the topographic map.
Attribute 
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2.2.2. The bridges over the Mbizane River
Spatial Data 
2.3. Refer to the map clip above of the Mbizane River to answer the question.
2.3.1. Should the Mbizane River flood, how could GIS be used to avoid harm to the
people living in the area as well as reduce the impact of the flood on the traffic
in the area?
(2 x 2 = 4)
Identify the area that can be flooded / are flooded 
Identify evacuation routes 
Places to evacuate to 
Alternative routes 
Identify and find routes to nearest hospitals 
Set up a disaster management plan 
2.3.2. Which 2 GIS layers will be essential for the analysis in mentioned 4.3.1.
Rivers 
Roads 
Terrain / Elevation / Contour model 
Hospitals / 
Open land or other places like school to evacuate to 
(2 x 2 = 4)
2.4.
Which of the following 2 diagrams display raster and vector data respectively
and motivate your answer?
(4 x 1 = 4)
Raster / Vector
Motivation
Vector data 
Geographic features are modelled
as points, lines, and polygons 
Raster data 
Geographic features are
displayed as pixels in a satellite /
aerial photograph 
SESSION 16: MAPWORK
© Gauteng Department of Education
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TOPIC 16: MAPWORK CONSOLIDATION
Question 1: Multiple choice
[10]
Use the 3030CD Margate Topographic map and the 3030 CD 8 Uvongo
Orthophoto map to answer the questions
Choose the correct answer and write the correct letter in the provided space. Select
the correct answer from the list and write the corresponding letter in the block/space
provided.
1.1.
The map code of the orthophoto map North of the Uvongo orthophoto map is
A. 3030 CD 2
B. 3030 CD 5
C. 3030 CD 12
D
D. 3030 CD 3
1.2.
The province South of the Margate area is …..
A. Kwa Zulu Natal
B. Western Cape
C. Eastern Cape
D. Freestate
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
C
Margate is a _______________________ type of town.
A.
Resort
B.
Gap
C.
Junction
D.
Break of bulk
A
The contour interval on the topographic map is …...
A.
20m
B.
10m
C.
5m
D.
4m
A
The grid reference of ▲226 (block J1) is
© Gauteng Department of Education
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1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.
A.
30°15’54”E; 30°56’20”S
/
30°15,9’E; 30°56,3’S
B.
30°55’20”S; 30°16’54”E
/
30°55,3’S; 30°16,9’E
C.
30°47’20”S; 30°25’54”E
/
30°47,3’S; 30°25,9’E
D.
30°56’20”S; 30°15’54”E /
30°56,3’S; 30°15,9’E
D
The type and pattern of settlement is block H2 on the topographic map is ……
A.
Urban nucleated - town
B.
Rural dispersed - farmstead
C.
Rural dispersed - hamlet
D.
Rural nucleated – village
D
Ramsgate has a _______________________ shape
A.
Linear
B.
Circular
C.
Semi circular
D.
Star
A
The true bearing from ▲218 (block C4) to ▲235 (block D3) is _______
A.
49º
B.
139º
C.
228º
D.
319º
C
The present magnetic declination will be __________
A.
East of the magnetic declination in 2010
B.
25º44’W
C.
25º32’W
D.
6’W of the declination in 2010
B
1.10. What type of road gives Margate the fastest connection with Durban
A.
Main road
B
© Gauteng Department of Education
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B.
National Freeway
C.
National route
D.
Arterial route
(10 x 1 = 10)
Question 2: Map Calculations
[20]
2.1.1. Calculate the area in m², which is covered by the orhtophoto on the map.
The bold block on the topographic map indicates the location of the
orthophoto. Using this bold block, calculate the area covered by the
orthophoto on the topographic map.
N.B. Use the topographic map’s scale for your calculation.
AREA =
LXB
=
(9,5cm x 500) x (7,3cm x 500) 
=
4 750 km x 3 650 km 
=
17 337500 m² 
(4)
2.1.2. Explain why the area covered by the orthophoto on the topographic map looks
smaller than the orthophoto itself.
(2 x 1 = 2)
The map has a smaller scale  where the same area was reduced more
and thus it looks smaller on the topographic map.  (Concept)
2.2.1. Calculate the gradient from southern tip of the coastal rocks at Marina Beach
(block J4)
to ▲390 (block J3)
(5)
Height = 92,1m – 0m = 92,1m  Distance = 3,1cm x 500
= 1550m 
GRADIENT = H/D 
=
(Variance from 1500 to 1600)
92,1m ÷ 92,1
1550m ÷ 92,1 
=
.2.2.
1: 16.8 
(Allow variance from 16,2 to 17,3)
Explain what you answer in 2.2.1implies / means for a hiker walking from the
coastal rocks to the trig station.
(2 x 1 = 2)
The slope is quite steep  and for every 16,8m he walks the land will rise
with 1m. 
(Mark the concept)
2.4.1. Calculate the magnetic bearing form ▲218 (block C4) to ▲235 (block D3).
You may use your answers in 1.8 and 1.9 to assist you with this calculation.
MB
= TB + MD 
© Gauteng Department of Education
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= 228º  + 25º44’W 
= 253º44’
(4)
2.4.2. Explain how a hiker would make use of the present magnetic bearing to walk
from ▲218 (block C4) to ▲235 (block D3). What instrument would he/she
use
on the hike?
(3)
He will use a compass, which points to Magnetic North 
He can then set the direction on 253º44’ and follow it to find his way.
(Mark the concept)
Question 3: Multiple choice (Rustenburg West)
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.
3.8.
3.9.
3.10.
D
B
B
C
C
D
D
D
A
D
[10]
Question 4: Map calculations (Rustenburg West)
© Gauteng Department of Education
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4.1.1. (Road distance - not straight distance) Scale below is not correct – sketch just
shows road distance that must be measured with string or paper. See GIS
measurement below
Distance
=
map distance x scale 
=
6,8cm x 50 000 
100 000
=
3,4km 
(D = md x s)
(6.6cm – 7cm)
(3.3 – 3.5km)
(3)
4.1.2. Time to walk distance above at speed of 5km/h
Time
=
=
Distance
Speed

3.4km
5km/h

=
0.68 h (x 60)
=
40,8 minutes (0,8 x 60)
=
40 minutes 48 seconds
4.1.3. Gradient
=

(3)
Height
Distance 
=
1298.5m – 1235.4m
3400m
=
63.1m ÷ 63.1
3400m ÷ 63.1
=
1: 53.88


© Gauteng Department of Education
(3)
17
4.1.4. The road rises with 1m for every 53.88m that you travel forward / horizontally.
(2)
4.2.
Distance x distance (length x breadth) 
=
(49.8 cm x 10 000) x (36.6 cm x 10 000) 
100 000
100 000
=
4.98km x 3.36km 
=
18.2268 km² 
(Allow variance 18.0544 km² to 18.4 km²)
Area =
(4)
4.3.1. True Bearing as measured in GIS software and with a protractor
True bearing 240° (allow 2º variance)
(1)
4.3.2. Present magnetic declination
2014 – 1997 = 14 yrs. x 2’W = 28’W 
15º57’W
+ 28’W
16º31’W

(2)
© Gauteng Department of Education
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4.3.3. Magnetic Bearing = True bearing + Magnetic Declination 
= 240º + 16º31’
= 256º31’ 
(allow 254º31’ - 258º31’)
(2)
SECTION C: HOMEWORK ANSWERS ON MAPWORK CONSOLIDATION
An extract from topographical map 2829AC HARRISMITH.
Orthophoto map 2829AC 3 HARRISMITH.
QUESTION 1:
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.
1.10
D
A
D
A
B
C
D
B
C
A










(10 x 1 = 10)
QUESTION 2:
2.1.
Gradient = VI
OR
Gradient = _ VI__
HD/HE 



HD/HE 
= 1794 – 1729 


VI = 1794 – 1729 
10 cm x 100
= 65m
= 65 HD/HE = 10 cm  
x 100
1000
= 1000m
= 1 : 15.38 Gradient = 65 
(Range: 1 : 15.08 to 1 : 15.69)
1000
= 1 : 15.38 
(Range: 1 : 15.08 to 1 : 15.69)
(5 x 1) (5)
2.2.1.
VS = 10 x 100
= 1 000 
HS = 1 : 10 000 
VE = VS 
HS
= 1 x 10 000 
1000 
= 10 times 
(5 x 1) (5)
2.2.2. In order to see the shape of the landform – if not exaggerated the cross
section will appear as a flat line 
(1)
2.2.3. Power line 
(1)
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2.3.
132º 
(range 130º - 134º)
(1)
2.4.
Area = length x breadth 
= (11,1 cm x 0,5) km x (9,8 cm x 0,5) km
= 5,55 km x 4,9 km
= 27,19 km² 
(Range: length = 10,9 cm to 11,3 cm and breadth = 9,6 cm to 10 cm)
(Answer: 26,1 km² to 28,25 km²)
(4 x 1 = 4)
2.5.1. Before midday 
(1)
2.5.2. Shadows are cast towards the South West
(opposite form where sun is at that time)
(1)
2.5.3. The photograph shows dry land where there is perennial water on the on the
topographical map 
(1)
3.1.1. Heavy 
It is located on the outskirts of the built-up area 
3.1.2.
(2 + 2 = 4)
(2 x 2 = 4)
Fairly flat land 
Availability of land for expansion 
Close to the road for transport 
Close to the railway line for transport of bulk goods 
Close to source of labour supply 
Availability of water from nearby rivers 
The population of Harrismith would form part of its market for goods
produced 
[Any TWO]
3.2.1. Rural Urban fringe 
3.2.2. Away from built up area 
(1 x 2 = 2)
(1 x 2 = 2)
3.3.1. Crop farming 
(1 x 2 = 2)
3.3.2. Farm dam 
Reservoir
River (Black Spruit)
[Any two]
(2 x 2 =4)
3.3.3. Windbreak 
To reduce the speed of wind 
To prevent damage to crops 
To reduce soil erosion 
[Any Two]
(2 x 2 = 4)
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3.4.1. Planned irregular 
3.4.2. Advantage: Traffic moves fast 
Disadvantage: Get lost easily

3.5.2. D is an ox-bow lake 
E is marshes and vlei 
4.1.
4.2.
(1 x 2 = 2)
(2 x 2 = 4)
(2 x 2 = 4)
[30]
Spatial data refers to the shape and the location of geographic features using
coordinates. 
(1 x 2 = 2)
29˚00̍S28˚15̍E
(1 x 2 = 2)
4.3.1. Attribute data refers to the descriptive properties of objects, events or features 
(1 x 2 = 2)
4.3.2. Temperature 
Rainfall 
4.3.3. To determine the average temperature/rainfall for the year 
To determine the maximum temperature/rainfall 
To determine the minimum temperature/rainfall 
To determine months with high temperature/rainfall 
To determine months with low temperature/rainfall 
[Any TWO]
(2 x 2 = 4)
4.4.1. Spatial resolution refers to the degree of detail and clarity of an image
√√
(1 x 2 = 2)
4.4.2. An orthophoto map has a larger scale √√
It shows more detail √√
(1 x 2 = 2)
4.5.
It can be used to locate the suitable area in which the shopping centre has
to be built 
It can be used to determine profitability by looking at the income bracket of
the people that live in the surrounding area
It can be used to determine routes to the new shopping centre 
[Any TWO. Accept other reasonable answers]
(2 x 2 = 4)
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