Endangered Species
Environmental Science
NSC 22304
Monday, March 11, 2013
Ohio Land Use Map 2003
http://www.epa.ohio.gov/LinkClick.aspx?
fileticket=Oc8zYpPXZlo%3D&tabid=2236
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Agriculture
Forest
Urban
Open Water
Shrubland
Wetland
Barren land - mines, gravel pits.
Monday, March 11, 2013
Ohio 1803
Activity - Place the following on your map
• Great Black Swamp - NW Ohio
• 24 trees (representing 24 million acres)
• wildlife - all plastic animals plus all photos in
the larger container
• note the large variety of animals and some
you may not recognize
Monday, March 11, 2013
Ohio Changes 1770-1903
• Loss of Forest 90% --> 10%
• Draining of Great Black Swamp
• Wildlife extirpations - trumpeter swan, beaver,
snowshoe hare, elk, mt. lion, carolina
parakeet, prairie chicken,rave, black bear,
passenger pigeon
• Exotic (aka alien species) arrive - barn owl,
house sparrow
Monday, March 11, 2013
Ohio Changes 1904-2012
• Some reforestation 10% --> 30%
• Wildlife extirpations - deer, turkey, river otter
osprey, sandhill cranes
• Exotic (aka alien species) arrive - starling,
coyote, peregrine falcon
• Extinction of Passenger Pigeon and Carolina
parakeet - last at Cincinnati zoo
• Some species return - deer, turkey, river otter,
osprey, sandhill cranes, trumpeter swan,
snowshoe hare
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Extinction
• No individuals of species exist today.
Passenger
Pigeon
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Carolina
Parakeet
Extinct Golden Toad
(Costa Rican Cloud Forest)
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Extirpation
• Species no longer exists in a particular
area
bison
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elk
mt. lion
Endangered
• Species in imminent danger of extinction.
• Very few individuals remain.
Black Bear
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sandhill crane
Threatened
• Species likely to become endangered in
the near future.
trumpeter swan
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peregrine falcon
Major Causes of Extinction
1. Overhunting
2. Habitat Destruction
3. Alien Species
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1. Overhunting
• Harvesting species faster than it reproduce
• Historically largest cause
river otter
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trumpeter
swan
Black Rhino
• Harvested for horn
• Used in traditional Medicine
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Macaws
• Harvested for pet trade
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Wolves
• Shot and poisoned because they kill
livestock
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2. Habitat Destruction
• Loss of Habitat
• Leading cause of extinction today
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Habitat Destruction
Conversion
• Habitat changed by development
• e.g. swamp to agriculture land
• e.g. forest to housing development
Monday, March 11, 2013
Wetland Loss
http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/delaware/biotrends/trends_wetlands.html
Monday, March 11, 2013
Habitat Destruction
Pollution
• Changes habitat
• Kills, reduces reproduction, causes disease
Monday, March 11, 2013
DDT
• Pesticide - cause of decline of birds of prey
• Caused thinning of eggshells
bald eagle
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peregrine falcon
Habitat Destruction
Fragmentation
• Ecosystem divided by roads or other
development.
Monday, March 11, 2013
Alien (Non-Native) Species
• Species accidentally or intentionally introduced
into a region where they did not occur before.
barn owl
purple loosestrife
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starling
coyote
zebra mussel
Zebra Mussel
•Accidentally brought to
Great Lakes in ship
ballast water
•Has spread throughout
the Mississippi
Watershed as well as
others bordering
theGreat Lakes.
Monday, March 11, 2013
Zebra Mussel Distribution
http://www.nbii.gov/portałserver.pt?
open=512&objID=1211&&PageID=3958&mode=2&in
_hi_userid=2&cached=true
Monday, March 11, 2013
Zebra Mussel Damage
http://www.seagrant.sunysb.edu/ais/article.asp?
ArticleID=132
Monday, March 11, 2013
American Chestnut - Chestnut Blight
•Accidentally brought to
US with Chinese Chestnut
•Has wiped out most
American Chestnuts which
once dominated forests.
http://www.mdtacf.org/story.html
Monday, March 11, 2013
Brown Tree Snake - Guam
• Accidentally brought in as stowaway on ships
• Wiped out many bird species
• Book - reads like mystery story - And No Birds
Sing by Michael Jaffe
http://biology.usgs.gov/invasive/BrownTreesnake.html
Monday, March 11, 2013
The End
Monday, March 11, 2013