The Chain of Liberty
Studyguide
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The Chain of Liberty
Studyguide
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DO MEN HAVE A RIGHT TO THINK FOR THEMSELVES?
Jayme MacCullough
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Liberty cannot be preserved without
general knowledge among the people.
-–JOHN ADAMS
Copyright © 2016 Jayme MacCullough
All rights reserved.
ISBN-13: 978-1541115156
ISBN-10: 1541115155
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016913699
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CONTENTS
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Introduction………………………………...… 7
Chapter Study Questions……………………… 9
Answers to Chapter Study Questions…………. 59
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INTRODUCTION
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The Chain of Liberty Studyguide is designed to be used when
studying and/or teaching The Chain of Liberty by Jayme
MacCullough. The Chain of Liberty gives an overview of the
history of liberty. It also teaches the principles of liberty, the
language of liberty and key documents of liberty. Working
through this resource will provide a solid foundation and
understanding of the chronology of history as pertaining to
liberty, the principles of liberty, and the foundation of the
United States of America.
DIRECTIONS: After reading each chapter, answer the
questions for that chapter. The question should be answered
with complete sentences unless it is a fill-in-the-blank type
answer. The studyguide is an aid for students to internalize
foundational concepts. Group discussions are highly advised
as they encourage an exchange of ideas and a mastery of the
content.
For up to date resources and courses, please visit
pathwaytoliberty.com.
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CHAPTER STUDY QUESTIONS
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INTRODUCTION
The Chain of Liberty
1. What is the Chain of Liberty timeline?
2. What is a link?
3. Do you believe that men (and women) have a right to
think for themselves? Explain your answer.
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CHAPTER 1
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BIG PROBLEMS, SIMPLE SOLUTION
1. Do you find the quote by Alexander Hamilton to be true
and accurate? Explain your answer.
Big Problems
2. What do you believe are the three biggest problem in the
United States today?
Simple Solution
3. For the three biggest problem, what do you propose to be
a solution?
a.
b.
c.
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4. Are there areas in your life where you relentlessly seek
the truth? Are you able to selflessly transmit it to
others?
5. In what areas do you see American exceptionalism?
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CHAPTER 2
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THE LANGUAGE OF LIBERTY
1. Define perspicuity.
2. Define republic.
3. Define democracy.
4. What is the form of government of the United States of
America?
5. What document is considered a fixed law of the United
States?
6. In your opinion, what did Benjamin Franklin mean
when he said "a republic if you can keep it”?
7. According to Noah Webster, why are the fixed principles
within a language so very important?
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8. Why must the language of liberty remain foundational
inconsistent throughout the generations?
9. Why did Noah Webster write the 1828 dictionary?
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CHAPTER 3
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PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTY
1. What is meant by, "It is impossible for man to break the
law. We can only break ourselves against the law."?
Principle
2. What is a principle?
3. What does applying principles to our lives result in?
4. Define leaven.
Principles of Liberty
5. List the 9 principles of liberty outlined in this chapter and
briefly describe each.
a.
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b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
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h.
i.
4. Select a quote from this chapter and write it out. Briefly
explain what it means.
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Principle of Providence
5. Some historians refer to Benjamin Franklin as a deist. A
deist believes that the earth was formed by a higher power
and then left to function independently of that source.
How would this quote from Benjamin Franklin at the
Constitutional Convention explain otherwise?
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CHAPTER 4
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LINKS OF LIBERTY
1. According to Thomas Jefferson, what is the price of
liberty?
2. How would you describe eternal vigilance?
3. What’re the 10 links of liberty? Associate each link with
an individual, nation, event or document.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
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CHAPTER 5
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CREATION LINK
1. What kind of history is found in the book of Genesis?
2. What are some of the major events of the world found in
the book of Genesis?
3. What does Genesis give us a fundamental view of?
Providence
4. Describe providence in your own words.
Individuality
5. What does God’s individuality include? Give examples.
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God Establish Government
6. What is the primary principle of government?
7. What is humanity delegated responsibility to govern?
God Establish Self-Government
8. What must individuals learn to do first before they can
effectively govern creation?
9. What is self government?
10. If an individual is not controlled internally, how will
he/she then be controlled?
The Providential Worldview versus the Pagan Worldview
11. List 3–5 principles in the Providential Worldview.
a.
b.
c.
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d.
e.
f.
g.
12. List 3–5 principles in the Pagan Worldview.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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13. What does the Providential Worldview give rise to?
14. What does the Pagan Worldview give rise to?
15. What does a nation’s worldview affect?
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CHAPTER 6
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DAWN OF NATIONS LINK
1. Reflecting on Acts 17:26-27, what timeframe were you
born into and what in place do you live?
Establishment of Civil Government
2. Why are individuals delegated the responsibility for
governing other individuals?
3. What is the purpose of capital punishment?
Dawn of Nations
4. What was the original purpose of civil government?
5. Finish this statement. Centralization of power occurs
when
____________________________________________
___________________________________________.
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6. What does absolute power give rise to?
7. What does government not have the responsibility to
provide?
8. What does the centralization of power diminish?
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CHAPTER 7
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MOSES AND THE LAW LINK
The Ten Commandments
1. What is the foundation for just law?
2. What does the law provide?
3. Fill in the blanks. ”___________ walks side-by-side with
___________ one securing the existence of the other.”
—Katherine Dang
4. What two outstanding characteristics of God are
displayed in The Ten Commandments?
5. What is consent?
6. What does the first commandment establish?
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7. What is the danger of citizens holding a relative view of
the law?
8. Are laws requiring central government to grow larger and
stronger just or unjust? Explain your answer.
9. What is dominion?
10. Why are families so important in a society?
11. Fill in the blank's. Whoever controls the property of a
nation controls the ___________. Whoever controls the
children controls the ___________.
12. How is the government taking away much of the
authority of the family today?
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13. Who is given the right to govern property?
14. What are the ways people steal from people?
15. What are the legitimate means of obtaining wealth?
16. What does welfare attempt to do?
17. Who does welfare rob?
18. How does welfare rob the recipient?
19. True liberty is within the confines of what?
Representative Government
20. What is at the heart of self-government?
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Self-Government
21. Fill in the blank. With liberty comes _______________.
22. What did the Israelites exchange liberty for?
Liberty Exchanged for Security
23. What did the prophet Samuel warn the Israelites about
with the new form of government?
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CHAPTER 8
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CHURCH LINK
Greek Democracy
1. Describe the system of direct democracy.
2. In ancient Greece, which citizens were able to vote on
legislation?
3. What did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle emphasize as the
foundation of a just society?
4. What did they believe the ideal city would reflect?
5. According to Plato’s quote, what was the objective in the
construction of the state?
6. What was the fundamental flaw in Greek democracy?
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7. What types of conflicts were the consequences of this
pagan form of government?
Roman Republic
8. Define republic.
9. What were some of the positive aspects of ancient Roman
government?
10. What ideas did Cicero and Seneca embrace?
11. What was the error in the ancient Roman Republic?
12. What do you find interesting in the quote by Verna M.
Hall in The Christian History of the Constitution?
13. What was the basic error in the Greek and Roman ideas?
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The Gospel Brings Internal Liberty
14. What does the gospel of Jesus bring?
15. What does true love give?
16. Is anyone able to keep the entire law?
17. What are the consequences of sin or selfish gain?
18. Why did Christ die?
19. What does Christ deliver us from?
20. What does Christ give us?
21. Do you believe a person needs to receive Jesus as their
personal Lord and Savior in order to apply the principles
of liberty?
22. In what ways do you observe non-Christians applying
principles of liberty?
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23. Do you believe citizens need to be Christians in order to
have a free country?
Liberty Travels Westward
24. How is Paul a key link in liberty?
Local, Self-Governing Churches
25. What did the early Christians understand?
26. Explain in your own words, “So give back to Caesar what
is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.” Matthew to 22:21.
27. What happens when individuals govern themselves
internally?
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Persecution Begins
28. Why was the Roman emperor threatened by the
Christian’s allegiance to Christ?
29. What price did Christians pay for remaining faithful to
Christ and their conscience?
Constantine
30. What is Constantine the Great remembered for?
31. What is the significance of The Edict of Milan?
Church Government
32. How did church government transition after
Constantine’s rule?
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CHAPTER 9
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REFORMATION LINK
The Dark Ages
1. Who did kings frequently have power struggles with?
The Feudal System
2. What did kings in good standing receive from the church?
The Catholic Church During the Middle Ages
3. What was the priest seen to have the authority to do?
4. What was a satisfaction?
5. What was an indulgence?
6. How did one receive an indulgence?
7. How did the Catholic church prosper from indulgences?
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8. What was the error in this?
9. What was the struggle between the church and the state?
10. What does centralization breed?
11. Do you think the state should mandate a religion?
Explain your answer.
12. What language were the Catholic Church services given
in?
13. How was this a problem?
Wycliffe, Morning Star of The Reformation
14. What did John Wycliffe declare?
15. What was he the first to do?
16. What was his goal?
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Gutenberg Printing Press, 1455
17. What was the first book printed on Gutenberg’s printing
press?
18. What followed the printing of the Bible in the next
century?
19. What do you think people began to understand when
they were able to read the Bible for themselves?
Martin Luther
20. When visiting Rome, what shocked Luther?
21. What did Luther feel compelled to do?
22. What was the reformation’s fundamental goal?
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23. What are some of the characteristics of the early church?
24. What happened where ever the gospel did take root in
the heart of individuals, tribes and nations?
25. What proceeded the writing of civil documents of
liberty?
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CHAPTER 10
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FIRST COLONIES LINK
1. What was the model for civil government in the colonies
of America?
2. Why is America the most free and prosperous nation that
has ever been founded?
3. Who were the primary settlers in the early American
colonies and what were they the product of?
John Smith and Jamestown
4. What did Captain John Smith provide for the
Jamestown settlement?
5. What rule did John Smith establish in the Jamestown
colony?
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6. What did this rule inspire?
7. In 1618, what did the Virginia charters give the colonists
the right to do?
8. What was the established law of the land?
9. What were some of the things the laws covered?
The First Church in America
10. What did you find interesting about the first church in
America?
Background of Plymouth colony
11. What were the separatist against in the Church of
England?
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John Robinson
12. What did you find interesting from John Robinson’s
farewell address to the pilgrims?
The Voyage
13. What is something new that you learned about the
Mayflower voyage?
The Mayflower Compact
14. What did the Mayflower Compact establish?
15. What are some of the principles in the Mayflower
compact?
Plymouth Colony
16. What change did Governor William Bradford make to
the system of government?
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17. What was the result of this change?
18. What type of relationship did the pilgrims have with the
Indians?
19. In the William Bradford’s History of Plymouth, what
reasons did he record for the pilgrims coming to America?
Address by Robert C. Winthrop
20. What does Robert C. Winthrop find as a striking
coincidence?
21. What did you find interesting about his speech?
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CHAPTER 11
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FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL REPUBLIC LINK
Role of the Church Clergy in the Propagating of Liberty
1. What was the source of America’s greatness?
2. Who was highly influential in the cultivation of liberty?
3. What did their preaching and teaching provide?
4. What did you learn about the role of the church clergy in
the propagating of liberty?
The Declaration of Independence
5. What does the Declaration of Independence transcend?
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6. List and briefly describe the three parts of the Declaration
of Independence.
Introduction and Preamble
7. What are self-evident truths?
8. Define unalienable.
9. Are the truths in the Declaration of Independence in
anyway restricted?
10. Explain what equality is and what it is not.
11. What does the principle of individuality prohibit?
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12. What rights are outlined in the Declaration?
13. What is significant about the term Endowed by their
Creator?
14. What do inherent rights produce?
15. From where do just governments derive their powers?
16. Explain in your own words the pursuit of happiness.
17. What is our God – given right and duty?
Body: Charges Against the King
18. What did you find new or interesting about the charges
against the king?
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Models of Church Government Reflected in Our
Constitutional Republic
19. What model influenced the form of America civil
government?
20. What types of government are inextricably linked?
21. Who established free churches?
22. Fill in the blank. The size and authority given to civil
government will be in direct proportion to the extent of
____________________________________________
23. What did you find new and/or interesting in the
northern, middle, and southern colonies?
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The Constitution
24. According to George Washington, how did the states
operate under the Articles of Confederation?
25. What is the purpose of the Constitution’s checks and
balances?
26. What did the Federalist Papers do?
The Bill of Rights
27. What does the Bill of Rights guarantee?
28. What is the role of the Constitution?
29. What is the power behind the Constitution?
30. What happens when a nation’s philosophy of
government changes?
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American Education and Noah Webster
31. Why was the public school system developed?
Noah Webster and Education
32. Why did Noah Webster establish an American system of
education?
33. What did you find new and/or interesting in the
catechism?
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CHAPTER 12
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EXPANSION AND EROSION LINK
1. During the Expansion and Erosion Link, what are some
of the key areas of American expansion?
Manifest Destiny
2. What did you find significant or interesting in President
Jackson on Manifest Destiny, in His Farewell Address?
Innovation
3. Liberty gives birth to ________________.
4. What did the concepts of individual liberty and property
established under the U.S. Constitution produce?
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The Civil War
The Founding Fathers and Slavery
5. What did you find interesting about The Founding
Fathers and Slavery?
The Principle of Union
6. The external union people results from an
________________ ________________ of
________________ and ________________ residing in
the ______________ of the people.
Emancipation Proclamation
7. What did the Emancipation Proclamation proclaim?
Gettysburg Address: Another Document of Liberty
8. List the principles of liberty expressed in The Gettysburg
Address.
9. What is the motto of the United States of America and
what does it mean?
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Erosion in Government
10. To which governing entity does the U.S. Constitution
delegate the power of solving social problems?
11. Explain federalism.
12. How does the 14th amendment expand the powers of the
federal government?
13. What’s an executive order?
14. How does the 16th amendment expand the federal
government?
15. When government is a first resort, power is
________________, and ________________ is
________________.
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16. What is one of the natural consequences of the state
getting bigger?
A Nation of Sheep, by Judge Napolitano
17. What did you find interesting in A Nation of Sheep, by
Judge Napolitano?
Erosion in Education
18. What are the three ways state education undermines
liberty?
a.
b.
c.
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19. What is a worldview?
20. Why was the public school system created?
21. What are the four primary doctrines that are currently
being taught in the educational system that undermine a
free nation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
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22. How can state education restored?
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CHAPTER 13
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RESTORATION LINK
1. When does the Restoration Link occur?
2. What is the first step in restoring American liberty?
3. We begin _________ and _________ _________.
4. What did the founders believe that people could not be?
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Blessings of America
5. What did you learn from the blessings of America?
Call to Action
6. Which call to action did you find particularly compelling?
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Answers for CHAPTER STUDY
QUESTIONS
INTRODUCTION
The Chain of Liberty
1. The chain of liberty is the chronological timeline of
events documenting the march of the human race from
slavery to freedom.
2. Links are timeframe and individuals.
3. Answers may vary.
CHAPTER 1
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BIG PROBLEMS, SIMPLE SOLUTION
1. Answers may vary.
Big Problems
2. Answers may vary.
Simple Solution
3. Answers may vary.
4. Answers may vary.
5. Answers may vary.
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CHAPTER 2
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THE LANGUAGE OF LIBERTY
1. Perspicuity is using the perfect word to communicate a
precise idea.
2. A republic is a state of fixed laws in which supreme power
is held by the people and their elected representatives.
3. A democracy is a system of government by the whole
population or the majority of the members of the state.
4. The United States of America is a constitutional republic.
5. The Constitution is the fixed law of the United States.
6. Answers may vary.
7. Fixed principles within a language assist in securing a set
of ideas. They must remain unmoved and unchanged,
amid all the fluctuations of human affairs in the
revolutions of time. The language of liberty must remain
foundational and consistent through the generations in
order to watch over our liberties with vigilance.
8. The language of liberty must remain consistent in order to
hold true to the liberty, we must hold true to the meaning
of the words from generation to generation.
9. Noah Webster wrote the 1828 dictionary to standardize
the American language in order to preserve and propagate
American liberty.
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CHAPTER 3
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PRINCIPLES OF LIBERTY
1. Answers may vary.
Principle
2. A principle is the foundational truth with widespread
application. They’re universal and timeless.
3. Applying principles transforms lives.
4. Leavening is a gradual process of change from internal to
external.
Principles of Liberty
5. List the 9 principles of liberty outlined in this chapter and
briefly describe each.
a. Principle of Providence – It views God as actively
involved with creation. He has a plan and a purpose
for individuals and events and provides for the needs
of creation.
b. Principle of Individuality – Everything in God’s
universe reveals God’s infinity, diversity, and
uniqueness. The creation reflects the creator.
Individuality holds that the individual is infinite,
diverse, and unique because individuals are made in
the image of God. Each individual is part of God’s
continuing plan.
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c. Principle of Self-Government- Self-government is
self-direction, self-control, and self-restraint. Each
man, woman, boy, and girl is created to govern, to
direct, control, and restrain his or her own actions.
Humans are to govern their own actions within the
laws of the state.
d. Principle of Property- A person’s property is
whatever he or she has exclusive right to possess and
control. Property is both internal and external. The
individual has internal properties such as beliefs,
convictions, conscience, ideas, feelings, and talents.
External properties are tangible possessions. Not
only possessions but also convictions need to be
protected and safeguarded.
e. Principle of Character-Character can be defined as a
convictional belief that results in consistent
behavior. Internal character qualities of individuals
govern their external environment. A person’s
character brings dominion and change to his or her
external environment.
f. Principle of Union-A union is the joining of two
independent bodies into one. The external union of
people results from an internal unity of ideas and
principles residing in their hearts. Before two or
more individuals can act effectively together, they
must first be united in spirit and purpose. Stronger
internal bonds will produce a stronger union and
action.
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g. Principle of Representation-Representation is acting
as the substitute for another. Noah Webster defines
representation as “to personate; to act the character
or to fill the place of another. To supply the place
of; to act as a substitute for another. To stand in the
place of.”
h. Principle of Power and Form-External forms result
from internal power. Both power and form are
necessary for liberty. There should be a balance of
power and form.
i. Seed Principle-Seed, as defined by Noah Webster, is
“that from which a thing springs; first principle;
original.” A seed is planted; nourishment, sunlight,
and care are provided; and a mature plant comes
forth bearing fruit. We reap what we sow. Seed
bearing is a gradual process.
6. Answers may vary.
Principle of Providence
7. Answers may vary.
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CHAPTER 4
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LINKS OF LIBERTY
1. The price of liberty is eternal vigilance.
2. Answers may vary.
3. Write the 10 links of liberty. Associate each with an
individual, nation, event or document.
a. Creation Link. Answers may vary.
b. Dawn of Nations Link. Answers may vary.
c. Moses and the Law Link. Answers may vary.
d. Church Link. Answers may vary.
e. Reformation Link. Answers may vary.
f. First Colonies Link. Answers may vary.
g. First Constitutional Republic Link. Answers may
vary.
h. Expansion and Erosion Link. Answers may vary.
i. World at War Link. Answers may vary.
j. Restoration Link. Answers may vary.
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CHAPTER 5
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CREATION LINK
1. Genesis contains universal history that is common to all
humans.
2. Major events found in the book of Genesis include; the
creation of humankind, the establishment of the family
and home, the institution of civil government, and the
dispersion of the races and nations.
3. Genesis gives us a fundamental view of humanity and
government.
Providence
4. Answers may vary.
Individuality
5. God individuality includes His infinity, diversity, and
uniqueness. Examples: the universe, plants, flowers,
seashells, fingerprints, each human. Answers may vary.
God Establish Government
6. The primary principle of government is man is
accountable to God.
7. Humanity is delegated responsibility to govern creation
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God Establish Self-Government
8. Individuals must first learn to direct, control, and restrain
themselves.
9. Self-government is self-direction, self-control, and selfrestraint.
10. If an individual is not controlled internally, then he/she
will be controlled externally by force.
The Providential Worldview versus the Pagan Worldview
11. List 3–5 principles in the Providential Worldview.
a. All individuals are equal.
b. Individual hold independent value. They have equal
standing before God and equal rights before the law.
c. Individuals have God-given authority and inalienable
rights; the right to life, liberty, property, and the
pursuit of happiness.
d. Individuals have the right to think for themselves and
act accordingly.
e. Individuals have a right to possess and control
property.
f. Individuals are superior to the state. The state is
fashioned for the use of its citizens.
g. Government exist for the purpose of serving
individuals by protecting life liberty and property.
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12. List 3–5 principles in the Pagan Worldview.
a. Mankind is not the pinnacle of creation, only some
men are the pinnacle of creation.
b. Different individuals hold different value. Individuals
are valued based on their contribution to the state.
c. The state is superior to individuals, and individuals
exist to serve the state.
d. Government exist to maintain the rule of a few and
the oppression of many.
e. The universe is happenstance.
13. The Providential Worldview give rise to liberty with
voluntary union based on the consent of the governed.
14. The Pagan Worldview gives rise to bondage with the
centralization of power through force.
15. A nation’s worldview affects its form of government and
it's execution of justice.
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CHAPTER 6
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DAWN OF NATIONS LINK
1. Answers may vary.
Establishment of Civil Government
2. Individuals are delegated the responsibility for governing
others in order to protect human life.
3. The purpose of capital punishment is upholding the
sanctity of life, and placing a high value on individual’s
lives.
Dawn of Nations
4. The original purpose of civil government was for the
protection of life, liberty, and property. Laws were
instituted to punish lawbreakers and encourage
self-government according to just law. The original
purpose of civil government was to serve its citizens.
5. Centralization of power occurs when authority is
transferred from a smaller unit to a larger governing body.
6. Absolute power gives rise to tyranny
7. The government does not have the responsibility to
provide goods and services to its citizens.
8. The centralization of power diminishes the individual's
ability to self govern.
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CHAPTER 7
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MOSES AND THE LAW LINK
The Ten Commandments
1. The foundation of just law is The Ten Commandments.
2. The law provides liberty, protection, and justice.
3. Liberty/law.
4. The two outstanding characteristics of God displayed in
The Ten Commandments are love and liberty.
5. Consent is the liberty to choose.
6. The first commandment establishes God as the source of
authority and law.
7. The danger of citizens holding are relative view of law is
that there are no absolutes and no overarching, absolute
law. Every person is his or her own law system.
8. Government becomes more unjust by extending its
authority and responsibility over the individual, family,
church, business, and so on. The consequence of larger
government is the loss of individual liberty.
9. Dominion is to rule, regulate, and care for.
10. Families are the primary guardians of children and
property, which of the two fundamental principles of free
society.
11. present, future
12. The state assuming the responsibility for the education,
health, and welfare of children removes authority from
the family.
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13. Individuals and the family are given the right to govern
property.
14. People steal from people by robbery through the use of
force, aquisition of property or possessions without
permission, indirect stealing. Passing laws without the
consent of individual people for the benefit of another
group is stealing.
15. Legitimate means of obtaining wealth are labor, gift, and
inheritance.
16. Welfare attempts to provide property and wealth without
labor, gift, or inheritance.
17. Welfare robs everyone, not only the taxpayer, but the
recipient.
18. Welfare robs the recipient because they will not develop
the skills, habits, and character needed for sustaining life.
19. True liberty is within the confines of just law.
Representative Government
20. The heart of self-government is representation.
Self-Government
21. responsibility
22. The Israelites exchanged liberty for the illusion of
security.
Liberty Exchanged for Security
23. Samuel warned the Israelites of the high price of
oppression, taxation, liberty.
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CHAPTER 8
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CHURCH LINK
Greek Democracy
1. A system of direct democracy is where participating
citizens vote directly on legislation and executive bills.
2. Adult male citizens who owned land were able to vote on
legislation.
3. A just society was one in which every person was moved
by concern for the common good.
4. They believed the ideal city would reflect the state of one’s
soul, will, reason, and desires.
5. The main objective was the greatest happiness of the
whole, and not that of any one class.
6. The fundamental flaw in Greek democracy was it was
rooted in the belief that individuals were naturally unequal
and that only one or a privileged few were competent to
govern the rest. All others were denied basic rights.
7. Pagan forms of government breed correction, chaos, and
disorder.
Roman Republic
8. A republic is a nation based on laws with elected
representatives.
9. Answers may vary. Ancient Roman government had a
constitution with a series of checks and balances and
separation of powers.
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10.They embraced the idea of the common good. They
proposed an impartial system of laws and believed the
government was morally obligated to protect human life
and property.
11. The error in the ancient Roman Republic was the view
that individuals are not equal, promoting certain
individuals holding higher value than others based on
their contribution to the state.
12. Answers may vary.
13. The basic errors were grounded in the belief in the
inequality of individuals.
The Gospel Brings Internal Liberty
14. The gospel of Jesus brings internal liberty to individuals
which results in external forms of government.
15. True love gives others the liberty to choose.
16. No one is able to keep the entire law.
17. The consequences of sin and selfish gain are separation
from God.
18. Christ died so that we may live in love and liberty
through a right relationship with Him.
19. Answers may vary. Christ delivers individuals from the
bondage of guilt and condemnation.
20. Answers may vary. Christ gives freedom from judgment
and accusation.
21. Answers may vary.
22. Answers may vary.
23. Answers may vary.
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Liberty Travels Westward
24. Paul was the link that brought the gospel message from
the continent of Asia to the continent of Europe.
Local, Self-Governing Churches
25. Early Christians understood they could come together
and worship according to their own conscience.
26. Answers may vary. This principle limits the state in
compelling others to act in conflict with their conscience.
The internal convictions and conscience of an
individual is his or her own property and should be
submitted to God alone, not the state.
27. When individuals govern themselves internally they
experience liberty.
Persecution Begins
28. He feared it would spread a spirit of insurrection and
threatened his power over his citizens.
29. Many Christians experienced intense persecution,
torture, and even death.
Constantine
30. Answers may vary. He changed the course of history for
the Roman empire. He formed a new constitution and
improved the Roman laws and system of government. He
was the first Roman emperor to adopt Christianity and
made the Christian religion the official religion the
empire.
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31. The edict put a stop to the persecution and proclaimed
absolute freedom of conscience for Christian. It gave
Christian his equal standing before the law, along with
members of other religions of the empire.
Church Government
32. The previous independent churches were welded into a
whole. The state and the church became united.
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CHAPTER 9
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REFORMATION LINK
The Dark Ages
1. Kings frequently have a power struggle with the Catholic
Church.
The Feudal System
2. Kings in good standing received aid from the church.
The Catholic Church During the Middle Ages
3. Priests were seen to have authority to forgive sins.
4. A satisfaction was something the individual would do to
show sorrow for sin. It could be saying a prescribed
number of prayers, fasting, giving alms, going on a
pilgrimage, or taking part in a crusade.
5. An indulgence was an official statement of forgiveness
from the church.
6. They would purchase an indulgence from the church for
themselves or another.
7. Indulgences grew the church in finances and power.
8. Answers may vary. An individual’s eternal soul lay in the
hands of the priest, not Christ. Corruption grew.
9. The struggle laid with who held ultimate authority.
10. Centralization breeds corruption.
11. Answers may vary. Conversion through coercion is
contradictory to the principle of Christianity. It violates
the spirit of the gospel, which includes individual
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consent and conscience. This is an involuntary union.
Such conversions are superficial, do not last, and are a
bondage to citizens.
12. Catholic church services were given in Latin.
13. Answers will vary. The people could not understand the
message. It laid a foundation for abuses.
Wycliffe, Morning Star of the Reformation
14. He declared that the Bible, rather than the church,
should be the only rule of faith.
15. He was the first to stir up the desire of many to make the
Bible available in the language of the people.
16. His goal was to get the Bible in the hands of the
common people in order to effect liberty in the hearts of
individuals.
Gutenberg Printing Press, 1455
17. The Bible was the first book printed on Gutenberg
printing press.
18. An unprecedented reformation of individuals, the
church, and civil government followed the Bible written
in the language of the people.
19. Answers may vary.
Martin Luther
20. The abuses in the church shocked Luther because he saw
that people were being deceived eternity.
21. He felt compelled to confront the abuses.
22. The fundamental goal was to return to the simplicity of
the early church.
23. Answers may vary. Local self -governing churches where
believers followed their consciences.
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24. People began to resist the dominion of the imperial
church and its intrusion into the internal consciousness of
men and nations.
25. The Bible translated into the language of the people
proceeded the writing of civil documents of liberty.
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CHAPTER 10
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FIRST COLONIES LINK
1. People governing themselves and their churches was the
model for civil government.
2. America is the most free and prosperous nation because of
the principles it was founded upon.
3. The primary settlers of the American colonies were
English people and other Europeans who were products
up the Protestant Reformation.
John Smith and Jamestown
4. Captain John Smith provided the strong leadership that
was vital to the survival of the new colony and established
peaceful relations with the Indians.
5. John Smith establish the rule “He that will not work shall
not eat.”
6. The rule inspired the men to work.
7. The colonist had the right to select their officers
independent of Parliament and choose the representative
who would make their laws.
8. The established law of the land was self-government and
the beginning of a representative government in the
New World.
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9. Laws protecting life and property were established. Laws
prohibited settlers from harming or injuring the Indians
and required the towns to educate a certain number of
Indian children in the civil religious course of life.
The First Church in America
10. Answers may vary.
Background of Plymouth colony
11. They were against state power being involved in the
church and believed that the true church members should
only be individuals who joined of their own free well.
John Robinson
12. Answers may vary.
The Voyage
13. Answers may vary.
The Mayflower Compact
14. The Mayflower Compact established that the colony was
to be free of English law.
15. Answers may vary. Principles of liberty were reflected in
the equality of the colonist and government by the
consent of the governed. The principles of
Providence, union, self-government and individuality.
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Plymouth Colony
16. Governor William Bradford set up individual private
property.
17. The colonists became more productive. The principle of
privately owned property became a foundational
cornerstone of America’s republic.
18. They were friendly and enjoyed many years of peace.
19. They desired to be a good foundation, to propagate and
advance the gospel and be stepping stones to others.
Address by Robert C. Winthrop
20. The striking coincidence was the history of our country
and the history of the Bible.
21. Answers may vary.
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CHAPTER 11
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FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL REPUBLIC LINK
Role of the Church Clergy in the Propagating of Liberty
1. The churches and their pulpits were the source of
America’s greatness.
2. The ministers of the churches highly influential in the
cultivation of liberty.
3. Their preaching and teaching provided an internal unity
of ideas that breathed the spirit of patriotism and
encouraged united, principled action. Independence.
4. Answers may vary.
The Declaration of Independence
5. The Declaration of Independence transcends time, place,
and circumstance.
6. The introduction and preamble, the body, and the
conclusion. The introduction and preamble summarize
the fundamental principles of American government. The
body lists the charges against the king that violate these
principles. The conclusion calls for duty, actions, sacrifice,
and union.
Introduction and Preamble
7. Self-evident truths are easily seen, not in the sense of being
immediately obvious to everyone, but rather in presenting
the logical conclusion of what humans under
stand as their position on earth.
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8. Unalienable means they cannot be taken away, because
they are inherent to the individual.
9. These truths are not restricted to any one time or nation;
they are as true today as they were in ancient times, and as
true in America as they are in other nations.
10. Answers may vary. Equality is equal standing before laws
and equal standing before God. Equality does not mean
equality of character, strength, or intellect, nor does it
demand a communistic equality of results or conditions.
11. The principle of individuality prohibits an arbitrary
leveling of the naturally diverse human condition.
12. The rights include the rights to life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness.
13. Endowed by their Creator communicate that these rights
transcend the right of any government to destroy them.
14. Inherent rights produce legitimate government instituted
among the people, by the people, and for the people.
15. Just governments derive their powers from the consent of
the governed.
16. Answers may vary. It is the right to pursue happiness and
a life lived to its fullest potential of human flourishing.
17. Our God-given right and duty is to throw off any
government that becomes destructive. We must provide
new laws that guard our future security.
Body: Charges Against the King
18. Answers may vary.
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Models of Church Government Reflected in Our
Constitutional Republic
19. The church model of government influenced the form of
American civil government.
20. Church government and civil government are
inextricably linked.
21. Free – thinking individuals establish free churches.
22. The size and authority given to civil government will be
in direct proportion to the extent of self-government
being exercised by the individuals.
23. Answers may vary.
The Constitution
24. “Each state was almost a little country by itself.”
25. This purpose of the checks and balances is to ensure no
single branch has too much power.
26. The Federalist Papers educated Americans on the
meaning of the Constitution of United States. Once the
people understood the meaning of the Constitution, the
delegates voted to ratify it.
The Bill of Rights
27. The Bill of Rights guarantees individual certain basic
protections as citizens, including freedom of speech,
religion, and the press; the right to bear and keep
farms; the right to peaceably assemble; protection from
unreasonable search and seizure; and the right to a speedy
and public trial by impartial jury.
28. The role of the Constitution is to protect life, liberty, and
property while limiting the power of government.
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29. The power is in the people and their philosophy of
government.
30. Answers may vary. The form of government changes.
American Education and Noah Webster
31. The public school system was developed in order to teach
students the principles of liberty, in order to preserve this
form of government.
Noah Webster and Education
32. It was established to support the American philosophy of
government in order to extend the blessings of liberty to
every individual.
33. Answers may vary.
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CHAPTER 12
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EXPANSION AND EROSION LINK
1. Key areas of expansion are the United State’s border from
the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, known as Manifest
Destiny. The Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark
expedition and the Oregon Trail. Also, the United States
being established as a world power and an example of
liberty to the world. Expansions innovation and
invention as well. Answers may vary.
Manifest Destiny
2. Answers may vary.
Innovation
3. Innovation/ ingenuity
4. The concepts of individual liberty and property established
unlimited opportunity for every man and woman.
The Civil War
The Founding Fathers and Slavery
5. Answers may vary.
The Principle of Union
6. Internal, unity, ideas, principles, heart.
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Emancipation Proclamation
7. The proclamation declared “that persons held as slaves”
within the rebellious states “are, and hence forward shall
be free.”
Gettysburg Address: Another Document of Liberty
8. The principle of individuality results in equality. The
principle of Providence –under God, birth of freedom.
The principle of union. Answers may vary.
9. The motto is E Pluribus Unum, a Latin term meaning
“Out of Many, One.”
Erosion in Government
10. The U.S. Constitution delegates it to the individual
states.
11. Federalism is a method of government that allows two or
more entities to share control over the same geographic
region. The power is divided among the national
government and other governmental units. Power to
govern is divided among the
federal government and the state and local governments.
12. The 14th amendment, the supremacy clause in article VI,
section 2 that states the Constitution and federal laws are
“the supreme law of the land.” If I was to ensure that the
state would need to overpower the federal government
again. The supremacy clause is a guarantee that state laws
will not interfere with the goals of the Constitution. The
national government cannot overrule any law passed by
the state, and this is usually done by executive orders from
the president or by federal courts.
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13. An executive order is an official document which the
president of the United States manages the operations of
the federal government.
14. The 16th amendment gave Congress the power to “collect
taxes on income…without apportionment among the
several states.” The national government can bypass any
accountability to the state add to their spending.
15. Localized, self- government, minimized.
16. People do less for their fellow citizens. Individual
responsibility and motivation are removed. Individual
character declined as well. In gratitude and resentment,
more laws, less liberty. Answers may vary.
A Nation of Sheep, by Judge Napolitano
17. Answers may vary.
Erosion in Education
18. One, it teaches a worldview incompatible with the
principles of liberty. Two, its models and methods are
ineffective. Three, it takes away from the family the role
as primary educator.
19. A worldview is a comprehensive system of beliefs and
attitudes about the world, ourselves, and life.
20. The public school system was created in order to preserve
the American form of government.
21. Evolution, socialism, humanism, and existentialism.
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22. State education can be reformed by reforming our
personal learning and revolutionizing education for the
generations to come. Beginning with the worldview that
is compatible with the principles of liberty, we can adjust
our models and methods, take personal responsibility for
our learning and that of our families, and act locally.
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CHAPTER 13
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RESTORATION LINK
1. The Restoration Link occurs in our present time. Here
and now.
2. The first step in restoring American liberty is educating
the individual and applying principles of liberty is the first
step in restoring American liberty. Must take personal
responsibility and change our thinking. It starts with me,
and it starts with you.
3. Individually, act locally.
4. The founders believed that people could not be ignorant
and free.
Blessings of America
5. Answers may vary.
Call to Action
6. Answers may vary.
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